The sky is to the earth, the rain is to the wind, the mainland is to the sky, the mountain flower is to the sea tree, and the sun is to the sky. The thunder is faint, the rain is misty, the wind is high and the moon is white, and the sunset glow is red.
Li Bai: "The bright moon is like a mirror, and the sea clouds are like a palace." (seeing friends off at Jingmen Ferry)
Li Shangyin: "See the clouds change in the morning mirror, and dare to be cold in the evening song." (Untitled)
From the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, the antithesis was extremely detailed. The most detailed is the third link in Wang Anshi's Tale of the Mid-Levels:
The green scales of the wind duck are scaly, which makes the goose yellow curly.
Duck and goose, duck green and goose yellow replace water and willow respectively. From the shape, the radicals of "duck" and "goose" are the same, and "scale" and "curly" are overlapping words, so this couplet is named because of its ingenious conception and aesthetic feeling.
The antonym is also right. For example, Li Bai: "Sean Xiao follows the golden drum and sleeps on the jade saddle at night." In the sentence, self-righteousness and pair-wise opposition are a pair of workers. For example, Du Fu said: "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring."
However, the division of labor is too clever, which leads to a narrow vein and no room for manoeuvre, which is more likely to cause the disease of "crossing hands". The so-called "crossing hands" means that the two sentences in the antithesis are completely synonymous or basically synonymous, such as Wang Ji: "Cicada is still in the forest, and Yingong Mountain is more secluded." Xie Tiao: "Fish plays a new role, and birds scatter flowers."
Tolerance: only seek relative parts of speech, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective. A little wider, that's half right. Du Fu: "Our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is." ("Moonlit Night" couplet)
Borrowing: a word has two meanings, the first meaning is used in poetry, and the second meaning borrowed from it is opposite to another word. For example, Du Fu's "My humble abode in Wuxia gives my fourth uncle": "My luggage drowned my uncle, so I asked the old man." Borrow the meaning of "Li" to fight the word "Mao". Another example is Du Fu's Qujiang, "Wine debts are common, and life is seventy years old." In ancient times, eight feet were found and two feet were found, so the number "seventy" was borrowed.
Sometimes, not through meaning, but through sound. Loanwords often appear in pairs of colors, such as blue for basket, yellow for emperor, pale for pale, Zhu for Zhu, and blue for green. Du Fu's "Hate Farewell" says: "I miss home and stand in the clear night, but I miss my brother and watch the clouds and sleep in the daytime", and I use "clear" to go to "white", "to go to Qingcheng County, and to go out to Chengdu to send two young Yin and Tao Wang": "East Guo Cangjiang meets, the snow is high in the western hills" and "pale" to "white".
Running water pair:
A sentence is divided into two sentences, ten words or fourteen words are a whole, and the sentences are meaningless or incomplete. This kind of antithesis, the meaning of the sentence is as straight as running water, called running water pair.
Du Fu: "My road is full of petals-I didn't sweep it for others, my thatched cottage door has been closed-but now it's open for you." ("guests arrive")
Lu You: "The Great Wall is empty, and the temple in the mirror has long faded." (book rage)
Wang Zhihuan: But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. (At Heron Hotel)
Bai Juyi: Wildfire never completely devoured them. They grew taller in the spring breeze. ("Fu De Gu Caoyuan Farewell")
In addition, there are fan pairs and alternate sentences.
Generally speaking, it is difficult to write backwards, borrowed and streamed. Du Fu is so opposed, so flowing. For example, Du Fu's "A bird in the sky is closed, and the rivers and lakes are full of fishermen", in which the first sentence is about the big scenery, and the next sentence is about only one fisherman. Su Shi's "Talking about riding a whale and swimming in sweat, but also asking about the bitterness of lice" and "Dare not cross the dragon boat, fishing boat from Wu Ye" are all wonderful pairs in the "anti-"law. There are also some wonderful antithesis words, such as Wang Wei's "Egrets cross the secluded marsh, and the birds sing trees in midsummer", Du Fu's "Fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling in", and Wang Anshi's "Laughing with cups and plates, the lights are dim", which are all worth learning and learning.
The two couplets in the middle of the rhyme are antithetical sentences. However, it should be noted that the contents, feelings, artistic conception, brushwork, angle and reality of these two couplets should be changed, and they should not be repeated, and the sentence patterns of the antithesis should be as different as possible.