Liuhe has been swept, why is there an underground army? The war zone is full of rest, and the dream is shocking. The deer is fascinated by horses, and the corpse stinks. With the help of the first hand, there is no miracle in the world
The title of this song is "Ode to Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang", which I improvised when I visited the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in 1982. I don't write old-fashioned poems, but I was infected by the three grasses in Nie Yi. I once copied this poem, thanking him for his fallacy, saying that writing a poem like this is also delicious. To tell you the truth, I think it's not bad myself. Look, that's what I am. I never pretend to be modest.
Before that, I wrote a seven-tone Ode to the History of Qin in 1979. That's because I work in Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House and read a manuscript commenting on the history of Qin State. This manuscript can be used or not. At that time, the manuscript was rather crowded, so I gave up and returned it to the author. I seem a little sorry for the author. I wrote a long letter of rejection and attached this poem. Later, I wrote a short article entitled "Three Postscript Poems on History", and "Ode to Qin History" was one of the three. This essay is included in my collection Ten Years of Painting a Tiger, and the poem says:
Abalone stinks the body of Archaeosaurus, and cleverly sets up a mechanism for Julius. In order to tame this deer and horse heir, let alone run out of oil! It's really hard to prevent a slight delay. Don't laugh. Explore the reasons, seek solutions, and don't forget that the past is the prophet.
This poem is written for the content of the manuscript. The meaning of the first two couplets is the same as that in Qin Shihuang's ode to terracotta warriors and horses. "Preventing micro-duration" refers to Zhao Gao's gradual theft of power, which made the situation in the Qin Dynasty out of control, implying that the Gang of Four was just playing politics at that time. Generally speaking, reciting history should be linked with reality, which is also old-fashioned
Qin Shihuang was a historical figure who caused a lot of discussion in later generations. He is always destroyed more and gained less fame. In the epic, a well-known broad-minded man like Li Bai praised his bravery in the first half of "Ancient Style III" and "Qin Wang Sweeping Liuhe", while in the second half he also condemned his tyranny and ignorance of seeking immortality, not to mention the comments of many orthodox scholars. However, many scholars who know something about history have made quite positive comments on Qin Shihuang, and even praised him as "an emperor through the ages". Modern scholars such as Zhang Taiyan wrote articles such as Qin and Qin Zhengji, and made a positive evaluation of Qin Shihuang, believing that he was more successful than others. But on the whole, after all, it is not the mainstream public opinion of Qin school.
It was Confucianism that made Qin Shihuang bear the notoriety of an eternal tyrant. Confucianism is the dominant school in China for more than two thousand years after the Han Dynasty, and the children of Confucianism are almost synonymous with all intellectuals. Confucianism was the most unlucky under Qin Shihuang. Speaking of the tyranny of Qin Shihuang, the first thing to do is to burn books and bury Confucianism. Burning books and Confucian classics; Pit Confucianism, pit is the Confucian scholars in six countries. This tone has been suppressed for thousands of years, which makes Confucianism, which has become the mainstream of intellectuals, bear a grudge forever, and it is imperative to curse Qin Shihuang as the first tyrant throughout the ages.
Since Jia Yi's On Qin in the Western Han Dynasty, there have been many bad words and few good words in the poems about Qin history. Generally speaking, the more orthodox, that is, the more pedantic, the more severe the condemnation of Qin Shihuang. I just saw a news that Hebei is building the Great Wall. Let's talk about the fact that Qin Shihuang has been building the Great Wall. There are many unfair comments. The most common thing is to make some empty remarks that "it is not dangerous to be in Germany", mocking Qin Shihuang for building the Great Wall in vain, regardless of the actual war needs of resisting the invasion of Xiongnu at that time. It should be noted that the city's defense is effective under the war conditions of ancient cold weapons confronting each other, especially against the invasion of the Hu people who are used to cavalry. The main fighting capacity of Middle-earth is infantry. It would be terrible if there were no city walls. This is within the scope of common sense, but in order to criticize Qin Shihuang, common sense is desperate. In ancient times, communication was backward. Unlike today, you can contact by phone or text message. At that time, it was necessary to hold bonfires on the city walls to warn or give orders, unless you didn't want to protect the environment and let people's lives and property be damaged by foreign enemies. Otherwise, what is the crime of building the Great Wall?
The Great Wall also has a benign function, which I am afraid will not be noticed. I witnessed this with my own eyes when I was sent to Ningxia in the late 1950s. In the border area between Gansu and Ningxia, the Great Wall has collapsed, leaving a section of broken walls. It is very conspicuous that where there is a city wall, there are rows of green cultivated land in the border town, while outside the wall, there are barren sand and stones, and nothing grows. It can be proved that this humble city wall stopped the sandstorm outside the Great Wall and created an environment for residents to live and multiply. It turns out that the Great Wall has also contributed to the protection of the ecological environment.
There are many poems about the history of the Qin Dynasty involving the Great Wall, and a poem with the meaning of "Guang Xin" often flashes in my mind, which is the memory left by reading Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden when I was a teenager. This poem was written by Yuan Mei's contemporaries, but the name of the poet has been forgotten. Yuan Mei entered the poem by appreciating the oath and postscript in the poem. Those two sentences are: "When you go to the city, you will build Wan Li with civilian cream for nothing." At first glance, these two sentences are really witty: Your Majesty built the Great Wall to defend the eternal inheritance of the Qin Dynasty, but Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, who destroyed your country, grew up in the Great Wall. Your majesty, you have lived in vain! (Yuan Mei recorded in "Poems in the Garden". I still remember another couplet with the same tone as the one referring to the Great Wall: "Why were the poetry books burned and robbed? Liu Xiang is illiterate. " ) but careful scrutiny, it is rambling or irrelevant. The Great Wall was built to resist foreign invasion, but its original intention was not to deal with domestic rebellion. Building the Great Wall and preventing internal invasion are two completely different things. There are many reasons for the collapse of a regime. Those who should collapse will collapse, or those who don't build the Great Wall will collapse. The Tang Dynasty perished and the Song Dynasty perished. Did these two dynasties ever build the Great Wall?
Further exploration shows that the reason why people suddenly want to talk about a historical event is probably due to the stimulation of reality. The historical figures they choose, as Marx said, "call the dead", are looking for objects for the needs of reality. Yuan Mei's generation of intellectuals were awed and indignant at the tyranny of the two tyrants, especially the literary inquisition, which frequently insulted intellectuals, and chose Qin Shihuang as the object of his tortuous venting. The poet may have done this consciously or unconsciously. This matter is a little subtle, only the person who writes poetry knows it.
Talking about history is always for the stimulation of reality. Lu Xun's Quasi-Romantic Talk contains an article about the similarities and differences between Hua De's book burning and Qin Shihuang's book burning because Nazi leader Hitler burned books. Lu Xun was quite tolerant of Qin Shihuang, saying that Qin Shihuang had a choice in burning books, instead of destroying all non-German cultures like Shimo. Qin Shihuang accepted "Ke Qing", which proved that he did not exclude foreign ideas. It is said that compared with Qin Shihuang, Hitler couldn't make such an important event as the same car and the same book. Dictators today are even more cruel and hateful.
According to Wang Yuanhua's textual research, Lu Xun's attitude towards Qin Shihuang was influenced by Zhang Taiyan, a teacher, and the similarities and differences between Hua De's burning books also quoted Lu Xun's views on Qin. In fact, the main purpose of Lu Xun's article is to accuse Hitler of being worse and defend Qin Shihuang. It is also a theory of justice based on facts, and it does not praise Qin Shihuang too much. It was Mao Zedong who really praised Qin Shihuang. There are poems as evidence. People are familiar with Guo Moruo's poem "Advise you not to scold Qin Shihuang". Later, he created a critique of Confucianism, which can be said to be the most thorough affirmation of Qin Shihuang.
Qin Shihuang, the "immortal body", has been "summoned" for more than two thousand years, which is really lively. Right and wrong, both the public and the woman are right. Unexpectedly, I accidentally got involved and wrote two songs. In fact, this is an eventful year, as Nie Yi said in his poem:
Whoever is in charge of the world is the master of all our slaves.