Mushrooms and mushrooms are large advanced fungi, and the fruiting bodies are usually visible to the naked eye. The mycelium has a transverse partition wall, which divides the mycelium into multiple cells.
Mushrooms usually reproduce by spores; After spores germinate, the hyphae produced by them are mononuclear hyphae with transverse zoning. Positive mating type and negative mating type mononuclear hyphae meet and merge to form binuclear hyphae, and then develop into fruiting bodies of mushrooms.
The fruiting body consists of an umbrella and a handle. There are folds on the ventral surface of mushroom umbrella, which can produce spores through meiosis when mature.
Many mushrooms have medicinal value, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor, Phellinus igniarius, Poria cocos and Cordyceps sinensis. Medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum and Antrodia camphorata are rich in polysaccharides and triterpenoids. Traditional medicine believes that it has the functions of detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, enhancing immunity, diminishing inflammation, resisting cancer and prolonging life. As for the actual function, further research is needed.
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Nutritional value of mushrooms
Mushrooms are rich in nutrients and are good food sources of selenium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, tryptophan and vitamins B2, B3 and B5. Mushrooms are also rich in zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium, protein, vitamins B 1 and B6, folic acid and dietary fiber.
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Selection of mushrooms
Strong, thick, smooth, mildew-free, moth-eaten and impurity-free are the high quality. Poisonous mushrooms are rich in color, with red, purple, yellow or other mottled spots, red at the base, abnormal in shape, pungent, smelly and bitter.
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How to avoid poisonous mushrooms?
There are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms in China, which are widely distributed and rich in resources. In mountainous rural areas and towns, cases of eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake are common, and serious poisoning deaths are reported almost every year, which was once regarded as one of the causes of multiple food poisoning. How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible mushrooms?
1. From the color point of view, poisonous mushrooms are bright in color, often in red, green and Huang San colors, and the mushroom umbrella often has mottled spots, with silk or small pieces of residue or scales on the surface. Non-toxic mushrooms are generally not bright in color, with flat covers and smooth umbrella surfaces.
2. From the point of secretion, the cap or injured part of poisonous mushrooms often secretes viscous liquid, which is reddish brown and spicy, and it is easy to change color after the cap is torn open. Non-toxic mushrooms are generally dry, and the liquid secreted after crushing is white and has a special fragrance. Generally, the mushroom cover will not change color after tearing. The umbrella handle with poisonous mushrooms is attached to the mushroom wheel, which is easy to break. The lower part of the umbrella handle is provided with a mushroom seat with a spore sac, which is difficult to tear by hand. However, there is no mushroom wheel on the umbrella handle of non-toxic mushrooms, and there is no mushroom holder on the lower part, so it is easy to tear the umbrella handle by hand.
In addition, mushrooms are grotesque, with slender or thick stems and thick and hard surfaces, like horns, heads and umbrellas. Even if the color is normal, it is mostly poisonous mushrooms.