1. The unique imagery and expression skills of poems with miscellaneous feelings about life,
The overall requirement for the reading of ancient poetry in Wang Yuan’s "Examination Outline" for Extracurricular Ancient Poetry Appreciation is "the ability to read simple Ancient Poetry".
As far as ancient poetry is concerned, the specific test points are: (1) Appreciating the image, language and expression skills in ancient poetry (2) Evaluating the ideological content and author's opinions and attitudes in ancient poetry. The ability level is E.
1. Careful reading of the syllabus (1) Appreciate the images, language and expression techniques in ancient poetry. ① The image of poetry refers to the vivid and concrete artistic image created by poetic works that embodies the author’s life ideals, thoughts and feelings.
Poetry appreciation begins with the perception of literary images, and then aesthetic judgment can be made. The image of a poem can be a character, a scene, or something with a certain symbolic meaning.
To test the understanding of poetic images, it is required to grasp the characteristics of the image, analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in the image, and understand the typical meaning of the image. ②The language of poetry.
To understand poetry, one must appreciate the language of poetry. The greatest characteristic of poetic language is condensation. Often, one word or one sentence can vividly describe the characteristics of things and profoundly reflect the author's thoughts and feelings.
The language of poetry pays attention to the refinement of words and sentences, rhyme, level and rhythm, cadence, loops and implications, image, lyricism, implicitness, accuracy, condensation, etc. The examination of the analysis of poetic language generally includes the analysis of poetic wording, sentence meaning, rhyme pattern, stylistic color, language characteristics, etc.
When appreciating, you should connect with the main theme of the whole poem, carefully ponder and deliberate, understand the artistic conception, feel the taste, and understand the main theme, from objects to people, from scenery to emotions, from the surface to the essence, and to understand at multiple levels. ③ Poetry expression skills refer to the artistic techniques used by poets to shape artistic images with the help of language and words, which are mainly reflected in lyrical methods and expression techniques.
Candidates must be able to distinguish between lyrical methods (direct lyricism and indirect lyricism), the use of scenes to express emotions, the use of objects to express aspirations, and the blending of scenes in indirect lyricism; they must be able to distinguish the combination of movement and stillness, the coexistence of virtuality and reality, and the use of allusions. Commonly used descriptive techniques such as borrowing from the past to satirize the present, imagination, symbolism, and foil can make a preliminary appreciation of rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, and metonymy, and can combine verses to analyze the ideological content expressed by expression techniques and the resulting ideas. expressive effect. (2) Evaluate the ideological content and author’s views and attitudes in ancient poetry.
Poetry is an art that reflects social life and expresses thoughts and feelings through language. Every artistic image created by the poet is permeated with the poet's understanding and evaluation of social life, thoughts and feelings, opinions and attitudes.
This test point involves the evaluation of content and themes, the evaluation of thoughts and feelings, and the evaluation of the author’s views and attitudes. The evaluation of the content theme includes summarizing the main idea, briefly analyzing the political significance, ideological significance, and life significance of the work, appreciating the author's life interest, aesthetic taste, and artistic style, superficial and deep evaluation of the meaning, evaluation of common sense, allusions, and legends, and pointing out limitations, etc.
Thoughts and emotions include consistent image evaluation, emotional tendency evaluation, etc. 2. Test strategy (1) Proposition rules.
Examples of question types: 1. 2008 National Paper (1) Read the following Song Dynasty poem and then answer the questions. (8 points) Four poems composed by Jiang Jian (Part 3) Pan Dalin ① The Western Mountain leads to the Tiger's Cave ② The Red Cliff Hidden Dragon Palace.
The shape conquers the three kingdoms, and the merits will be passed down through the ages. Sha Mingquan Su Lu ③, the sky is vast and Feihong retreats.
I envy the fishermen the most, returning to the boat with its tent covered in the rain. [Note] ① Pan Dalin (approximately 1057~1106): named Ping Lao, a native of Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), good at poetry and prose.
He once traveled to Red Cliff with Su Shi. ② Xishan: In the west of Ezhou, Hubei, the mountains are secluded and deep. ③ Quansu Heron: refers to the way an egret curls up one leg when sleeping.
(l) There is one word in each of the two sentences in the third couplet that is very expressive. Please find it and talk about the advantages of writing it this way. Answer: (2) Judging from the whole poem, what kind of life does the author yearn for? Please give a brief analysis.
Answer: 2. In the 2008 Shandong Volume, read the following Song Dynasty poem and answer the questions. (8 points) In the painting hall, there is a horizontal pool with a red paved path and a light rain.
The apricot garden is haggard and the cuckoos are singing, helplessly returning in spring. I am alone in the Liuwai Painting Building, leaning on the railing and twirling flower branches with my hands, placing flowers and silently facing the slanting light. Who knows this hatred? Note ① Nian (niǎn): holding, twisting (1) How does the description of the scenery in Shangque express helplessness? Please provide a brief analysis.
(4 points) (2) What are the main expression techniques used in the two sentences of "leaning on the railing and twisting the flower branches" and "letting flowers silently facing the slanting light"? What emotional changes does the character in the poem express? (4 points) Features of the proposition: ① Judging from the proposition materials, most of them are chosen to focus on representative eras and representative writers in the history of poetry development. Especially focusing on Tang poetry, Song lyrics and Song poetry.
For example, among the 18 sets of college entrance examination papers in 2007, only 4 were selected from the Qing Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and "The Book of Songs", and the rest were more concentrated in Tang poetry, Song poetry or Song lyrics. In 2008, 14 of the 18 sets of college entrance examination papers focused on Tang poetry, Song poetry or Song lyrics, and only 2 were Yuan Sanqu, 1 was from the Ming Dynasty, and 1 was from the Jin Dynasty.
In terms of subject matter, it basically covers the contents of ancient poetry and has a wide coverage. ② Judging from the points assigned, the points assigned to this ability point in various places are relatively flexible. Generally speaking, the scores for appreciation of ancient poetry have improved. For example, the Tianjin volume in 2006 scored 5 points, the Beijing volume 7 points, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Hunan , Guangdong, Chongqing and other papers are 6 points, while the national papers, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other papers are 8 points.
In 2007 and 2008, National Volume I and National Volume II, Hubei, Shanghai, Shandong, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Liaoning all scored 8 points, Ningxia scored 11 points, and Zhejiang, Fujian, Chongqing, and Guangdong scored 6 points. In the 2008 Beijing examination, the score of this test point was increased to 10 points.
③From the perspective of question types, the types of questions are also diverse, which also shows the characteristics of independent propositions. From the perspective of the focus of the examination, attention is paid to the appreciation of writing techniques and the grasp of thoughts and feelings. Sometimes it focuses on one of language, image, and expression skills, and sometimes it is a combination of both.
When setting questions, content and form are often combined, starting from the point, using points to cover, and gradually guiding the setting of the topic. Judging from the nature of the topic, emphasis is placed on the combination of openness and restriction.
Pays attention to comparative reading, mainly in the comparison of content and comparison of techniques. For example, the 2007 Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Chongqing, and Liaoning 2008 national volumes (2), Guangdong volumes, and Hunan volumes also adopt the form of comparative reading.
It is worth noting that although the perspective of the test questions is small, it focuses on testing the candidates' overall understanding of the whole poem, and grasps the key points for interpretation and appreciation. (2) Authority. 2. Ancient poems about life
1. If a young man does not work hard, he will be sad when he is old. ——An ancient Chinese Yuefu poem "Long Song Xing"
2. Diligence leads to excellence in work, and play leads to wastefulness. ——Han Yu's "Explanation of Jinxue"
3. An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time. ——"Zeng Guangxian Wen"
4. Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement. ——"Book of Changes? Qian? Xiang"
5. Those who are not strong in ambition are not wise enough. ——"Mozi? Self-cultivation"
6. Green, taken from blue and green from blue; ice, water for it and cold from water. ——"Xunzi Encouraging Learning"
7. Aim high. —— Zhuge Liang's "Book of Admonitions to Foreign Students"
8. My husband's ambitions are all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away. ——Cao Zhi "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao"
9. Where there is a will, there is a way. ——"Book of the Later Han? Biography of Geng"
10. If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to the next level. —— Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower"
11. Standing at the top of the mountain, you can see all the mountains at a glance. —— Du Fu's "Wang Yue"
12. When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither. ——"The Analects of Confucius? Zihan"
13. When heaven is about to assign a great responsibility to a person, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, starve his skin, deplete his body, and mess up his actions. . ——"Mencius? Gao Zixia"
14. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. ——"Xunzi Encouraging Learning"
15. Stones can be broken, but not strong; elixirs can be ground, but not red. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals? Honesty and Integrity"
16. With sincerity, gold and stone are opened. ——"Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of the Ten Kings of Guangwu"
17. Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, but leisure can destroy one's life. ——"New History of the Five Dynasties? Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"
18. Those who accomplished great things in ancient times not only had extraordinary talents, but also had perseverance and perseverance. ——Su Shi's "Chao Cuo Lun"
19. The road is far away, so I will search for it up and down. —— Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"
20. I am humble and dare not forget about my country. ——Lu You's "The Beginning of Disease"
21. A ruler is shorter; an inch is longer. Things are lacking; wisdom is unclear. —— Qu Yuan's "Buju"
22. If you want to make a deep effort, grind an iron pestle into a needle. —— Cao Xue's "Guang Ji in Sichuan? Pengshan County, South Sichuan Road"
23. The rope saw the wood and cut it, and the water dripped through the stone. ——Luo Da Jing's "Helin Jade Dew"
24. If you walk every day, you are not afraid of thousands of miles; if you do it often, you are not afraid of thousands of things. ——"Motto Lian Bi? Dealing with Things"
25. It is not advisable to belittle oneself when one has a great spirit of lofty ideals. —— Zhuge Liang's "Execution of the Master"
26. Things in the world are often accomplished by difficult agreements and defeated by extravagance. —— Lu You
27. Accumulating soil becomes a mountain, accumulating water becomes a sea. ——"Xunzi? Confucianism Effect"
28. People are not sages, and no one can make mistakes. ——"Traditional Customs and Customs"
29. Being determined and courageous is called firmness. Strength is the virtue of being a stranger. ——"Military Training Record? Just Recurring Injury"
30. Sacrificing one's life to go to the national disaster, seeing death as a sudden return. ——Cao Zhi's "White Horse"
31. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. —— Gu Yanwu
32. If a husband does not serve the country, he will eventually become a stupid bitch.
—— Chen Gongyin's "Shooting Tigers and Shooting Stones"
33. In times of danger, integrity is revealed to ministers, and in times of chaos, loyalty is revealed. ——Bao Zhao "Generation from Jibeimen Xing"
34. To benefit the country's life and death, how can you avoid it because of misfortunes and blessings? —— Lin Zexu's "Going to the Rong Dynasty and Telling the Family at the Passage"
35. Don't be shaken by external forces, don't be moved by things, and then you can take care of the world's major events. Lü Kun's "Moaning Language? Responding"
36. The real person is the most sincere. If he is not sincere, he cannot move people. ——"Zhuangzi Fisherman"
37. Do not do evil because it is small, and do not do good because it is small. Only those who are virtuous and virtuous can obey others. Liu Bei
38. Pride cannot last long, desire cannot be indulged, happiness cannot be extreme, and ambition cannot be fulfilled. ——Wei Zheng
39. Only by not being arrogant can you be arrogant, not by favoring others. —— Zhuge Liang 3. Ancient poems expressing thoughts and emotions
1. Common thoughts and emotions in ancient poetry ● Worry about the country 1. Expose the ruler’s mediocrity and decadence, such as: Du Mu’s "Passing the Huaqing Palace" Looking back at Chang'an There are piles of embroidery, and thousands of doors are opened on the top of the mountain.
Riding on the red dust concubine smiled, no one knew it was lychee. 2. Reflecting the pain of chaos, such as: Du Fu's "Spring Outlook" The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
I shed tears when I am grateful for the flowers, and I am frightened when I hate others. The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming. 3. Sympathy for the sufferings of the people, such as: "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", Bai Juyi's "The Charcoal Seller" 4. Worry about the future and destiny of the country, such as: Du Fu's "Climbing the Tower" Flowers approaching tall buildings hurt the hearts of guests, and there are so many difficulties. Ascend.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang River comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of jade barrier change from ancient to modern times. The North Pole court will never change, and the Xishan bandits will not invade each other.
The poor queen returned to the temple and sang for Father Liang at dusk. This is a touching poem.
The author writes that when he climbed up the stairs and saw the boundless spring scenery, he thought of the difficulties and the changing clouds, which made him sigh sadly. Then I thought that the imperial court was like the North Pole constellation, unshakable. Even if Tibet invaded, it would be difficult to change people's orthodox ideas.
Finally, he revealed his ambition to imitate Zhuge Liang in assisting the court, and he had the courage to clarify the world. The whole poem is lyrical at the scene ● Make contributions to the country 1. The desire to make achievements.
For example: Cao Cao's "The Turtle is Longevity", Lu You's "The Book of Indignation" 2. The determination to protect the homeland and defend the country such as: Wang Changling's "Joining the Army" 3. The sadness of having no way to serve the country such as: Xin Qiji's "Jingkou Beigu" Pavilion Nostalgia for the Past" "Ugly Slave? Youngsters Don't Know the Feeling of Sorrow" 4. The pain of the loss of mountains and rivers such as: Lu You's "Showing Children" and Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" 5. The lament that years are passing and ambitions are hard to achieve, such as: Su Shi's "Shui Diao" Songtou? Chibi Nostalgia" 6. Revealing the ruler's militarism, such as: Du Fu's "Army Chariots" 7. The sad mood of unknown ideals, such as: Qu Yuan's "She Jiang" ● Homesickness and nostalgia for people 1. Traveling and worrying, such as: Meng Haoran's "Su Jian" "Dejiang" moved the boat to Yanzhu, and at dusk the guests were worried about what was new. The trees are low in the open sky, and the clear moon on the river is close to the people.
Wen Tingyun's "Morning Journey to Shangshan" 2. Missing relatives and friends, such as: Wang Wei's "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th", Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi? Ten Years of Life and Death" 3. Missing homes at the border, such as ：Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman? The Autumn Scenery Is Strange under the Fortress" 4. Embracing people in the boudoir such as: Wang Changling's "Bouise's Grudge", Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Shasha? Waiting in the Pavilion with Broken Plum Blossoms, Thin Willows on the Brook Bridge", Li Bai's "Yuefu" (Chang'an) A piece of moon, the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes) ●Miscellaneous feelings about life 1. The leisurely feelings of landscape and pastoral such as: Wang Wei's "Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn" and Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village" 2. The emotion of past victory and present decline such as: Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou" 3. Feelings that use the past to satirize the present, such as: Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia for the Past, Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou" 4. The sadness of perishable youth, such as: Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream? Last Night Rained and the Wind Sudden" 5. The anguish of frustrated official career such as: Bai Juyi's "Pipa Play", Su Shi's "Water Melodies Songtou? When Will the Bright Moon Come?" 6. The joy of consoling one's life such as: Du Fu's "Spring Night Rain", "Hearing that the Army Takes Henan and Hebei", Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" ?The bright moon leaves the branches and the magpies are frightened"●Farewell in the pavilion 1. Reluctant souvenirs such as: Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling", Wang Wei's "Weicheng Song", Li Bai's "Jinling Winery Farewell" 2. Affectionate and long-lasting encouragement such as: Wang Bo "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuchuan" 3. Confessions that express one's heart and mind candidly, such as: Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" A cold rainy night entered Wu, and I saw off my guest Chu Shangu in the clear day. Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a piece of ice in a jade pot.
Commentary This is a farewell poem. The conception of the poem is novel, downplaying the feelings of separation from friends, and rewriting one's own noble character.
The first two sentences of the vast river rain and the lonely Chushan Mountain express the loneliness of the farewell; the last two sentences compare themselves to curling to express my open-mindedness and strong character. The whole poem is inspired by the scenery, embodies the feelings in the scenery, is implicit and has endless charm.
2. Issues to note when evaluating the ideological content of works 1. Understanding the writer’s life, thoughts, and creative style will help to understand and grasp the content of his works. For example, Xin Qiji once fought at the forefront of the anti-golden struggle and was ostracized and attacked by the capitulationists after returning to the South. Therefore, most of his poems recall the raging fighting life in the past, or express the resentment of having no way to serve the country, with a bold and tragic style. .
2. An era has its own characteristics, and each era has its own literature. A proper understanding of the style of a certain era will also help to accurately grasp the literary works of that era.
For example, the Tang Dynasty had a strong national power, and most of the intellectuals who joined the army were high-spirited and heroic. In their poems, especially the frontier fortress poems, although there was the harsh environment outside the fortress, there was also deep longing for their hometown and relatives, but more of it was The indignation against the same enemy and the determination to protect the homeland and the country led to a high-pitched tone and agitated emotions.
The Song Dynasty was quite different. The Song Dynasty, which was poor, weak and with declining national power, no longer had the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty. In the writings of intellectuals, there was less heroism and more desolation. , the majestic spirit is less, and the worries of the family and the country are more. 3. Many ancient poems have a short "preface" in front of them. Some explain the year of creation, some explain the reason for creation, some explain the creation process, some explain the background of creation, and some explain the creation background. It also sets the emotional tone for the entire work. It is also crucial to understanding the ideological content of the work, so it cannot be ignored.
4. The thoughts and feelings of most works are not single, and may be intertwined with many very complex emotions. This should be paid special attention to. Of course, readers can sometimes also play on the basis of the original work. Imagine and create a second time. In addition, a writer's overall creative interests and style are generally fixed, but the existence of special cases in individual works is not ruled out.
For example, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, etc. all have creations outside of their own inherent styles. 3. Test practice The following poems all contain "sorrow". Please analyze the specific content of "sorrow" in each poem.
1. Sauvignon Blanc (Bai Juyi) Bian water flow, Si water flow, flowing to the ancient ferry of Guazhou, Wushan is a little sad. I miss you for a long time, I hate you for a long time, I hate it until I return home, and I lean on the building under the bright moon.
2. Bodhisattva Man (Xin Qiji) The clear river water under the Yugu Terrace, many passers-by in the middle are crying. Looking northwest to Chang'an, one can see countless mountains.
The green mountains cannot cover it, and it will flow eastward after all. When Jiang was feeling sad at night, he heard partridges deep in the mountains.
3. I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao was far away and sent this message (Li Bai). The poplar flowers have fallen and Zigui cries. I heard that Longbiao passed the five streams. I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind to the west of the night.
4. Wulingchun (Li Qingzhao) The wind abides in the dust and the fragrant flowers have all gone, and I am tired of combing my hair day and night. Things are different and people are not the same. Everything stops. If you want to speak, you will shed tears first.
I heard that the spring in Shuangxi is quite good, so I plan to take a boat trip. I'm afraid that the boat in Shuangxi will not be able to carry it, and I will be very sad.
5. Nanxiangzi (Wang Anshi) has been an imperial state since ancient times, lush and green. 4.
1. When you are worried about the country's injury: the white hair will be scratched shorter, and the lust will be overwhelming. ——Du Fu's "Spring Hope"
2. Serve the country with meritorious deeds: Since ancient times, no one has ever died, leaving a loyal heart that will illuminate history. ——Wen Tianxiang "Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
3. Homesickness: Where can I get the hometown books? Return to Yanluoyang.
4. Parting sadness: I urge you to drink another glass of wine, leaving Yangguan in the west without any old friends.
5. Reminiscing about the nostalgia of friends: I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind to the west of the night.
6. Contempt the powerful: I don’t care much about the stains on my clothes, but my wishes are fulfilled. ——Tao Yuanming, "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields"
7. Expressing love for the landscape: picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain. ——Tao Yuanming "Drinking"
SORRY. Since I can’t remember the author and source of 345, and I don’t have time to look for it~ So if necessary, please look for it yourself~ 5. Ancient poems expressing emotions
1. Nalan Xing Virtue
The fluttering catkins in the wind have turned into duckweeds, and the mud lotuses are strong and beautiful, and the lotus root silk is lingering; cherish it and pick up a petal of incense to remember the past life.
A person's passion turns from passion to emotion, and now he really regrets his passion; he has reached the point where he looks back with a broken heart and sheds no tears.
And
I was drunk in front of the lamp for a moment, and my hatred was as clear as a spring dream. In the light moon and light clouds, there is rain outside the window, and there is a sound.
Humanity has become less sentimental, and now it is really not sentimental. I heard the partridges crow again, and the pavilion was short and long.
2. "Five Poems on Lisi" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty
In the dawn mirror, the residual makeup of self-love is surrounded by green silk hairpins and bamboo strips.
In a moment, the sun hits the swallow's fat cheek, and a red rose is about to melt.
Mountain springs flow loosely around the steps, and thousands of trees and peach blossoms reflect the small building.
Reading Taoism without getting up, watching combing hair under the crystal curtain.
The red color suppresses the newness of the time, and it is auspicious to remove the tender silk dust from the flower yarn.
First of all, don’t think that the material is weak, a little unkempt is the most pleasant.
Once upon a time, there was no water in the sea, except Wushan, it was not a cloud.
Take the flower bush to look back lazily, half destined to practice Taoism and half destined to be a king.
Usually hundreds of flowers bloom together, but pear blossoms and white flowers are mostly picked.
Today there are two or three trees at the head of the river, pitifully spending their last spring with their leaves.
3. Li Shangyin
Spring hates growing when lotus leaves grow, and autumn hates growing when lotus leaves wither.
I know that my love will always be there, and I look at the sound of the river at the head of the river.
4. Li Shangyin
The phoenix tail fragrant sticks are several layers thin, and the dome of the blue text is cracked in the middle of the night.
Fan Caiyue is so embarrassed that she can't hide her shame. The car is driving and the thunder is making no sense.
It used to be lonely, golden embers dark, no news, pomegranate red.
The spots are only tied to the banks of the weeping poplars, where can we wait for good winds in the southwest?
The heavy curtains go deep into the Mochou Hall. After lying down, the night is long and thin.
The career of a goddess is just a dream, and my sister-in-law has no husband at all.
If the wind and waves don’t believe that the water chestnut branches are weak, who will teach the moon dew that the osmanthus leaves are fragrant.
It’s useless to be longing for lovesickness, but it’s just pure madness to feel melancholy.
5. Qin Guan of the Song Dynasty
The thin clouds make tricks, the flying stars spread hatred, and the silver and Han are far away in darkness. Once the golden wind and jade dew meet, they will win over countless others in the world.
Tenderness is like water, good times are like dreams, and I can’t bear to look at the magpie bridge on my way back. If the love lasts for a long time, how can it last day and night?