(1) Scene 1: Which door did the monk knock on?
Pan Zhimin: Jia Dao, a bitter poet in the Tang Dynasty, is said to have had poor talent when he was young, but loved poetry. After getting angry with his cousin, he became a monk and became a monk. He claimed that he could not write good poems and would never return to secular life. One day, there was an occasional good sentence: "The bird stayed in the tree by the pond, and the monk pushed the moon down the door." ("Ti Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion"). Jia Dao was hesitant whether to use "push" or "knock". Later, Jing Zhaoyi and Han Yu asked about the situation and thought it was better to use the word "knock" because the word "knock" uses movement to contrast the stillness, which can better highlight the depth of the night and the tranquility of the environment. Since then, many literati have had heated debates on whether the use of "push" or "knock" in this sentence is better or worse. Mr. Zhu Guangqian, a famous contemporary esthetician, also expressed his opinion in the article "Beautiful Words", believing that it is better to use the word "push" to highlight the depth of the night and the monks in the temple have all rested. A monk returned to the temple after a long journey, opened the ajar door and went in.
I think that Mr. Zhu Guangqian and the literati of all ages seemed to have ignored a simple question when discussing this issue: Which door did the monk knock on? Is it the gate of the temple or the gate of the hermit Li Ning's retreat? However, many people (including Mr. Zhu Guangqian) often take it out of context and stick to the "examination" of these two lines of poetry, instead of incorporating it into the scope of the entire poem and considering it as a whole.
True or false: I think these two words each have their merits, and it is unfair to say that one is better than the other. The word "knock" is indeed better than the word "push" in terms of the unity of sound and shape as Han Yu said. From the new rhyme, the word "push" is more pleasant to the ear than the word "knock". And as Zhu Guangqian said, the word "push" is more suitable for the quiet atmosphere at that time.
Pan Zhimin: "Tang Poetry Appreciation Ceremony" said:
"The young neighbors are living together, and the grass path leads to the deserted garden. Birds stay in the trees beside the pond, and the monks knock on the door under the moon. Cross the bridge to separate the fields. The color moves the rocks and moves the cloud roots. I have been here for a while, and I live up to my words." This five-character poem "Inscribed on Li Ning's Retreat" is a famous poem by Jia Dao. The whole poem is just about a trivial matter in life that he never encountered when visiting friends. The reason why it is popular among people is mainly because of the couplets. The couplet describes the scenery he saw and heard when he entered the seclusion. The "monk" in the sentence is the author's self-proclaimed name. The author converted to Buddhism in his early years. When poets write about scenery, it is difficult to capture the fleeting "moment" scenery. This is what Su Shi, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "When writing poems in a hurry to chase death, it is difficult to copy the clear scenery once it is lost." "Two Monks") Yes. This poem skillfully captures a poetic moment. Look, the moonlight is bright and clear, the water in the pool is glistening, the dark green woods beside the pool are flashing with mottled moonlight, and birds are perching on the trees. In this desolate and silent garden, a monk is knocking on the door gently, his sound is like a vivid picture! "Niao Su" is at a high place, which is a quiet scene, and "Monk Knock" is at a low place, which is dynamic and has sound. One is high and one is low, one is quiet and the other is moving. How harmoniously they cooperate with each other. Moreover, we can also imagine that the "knock-knock" sound of knocking on the door will definitely alarm the resident birds, or cause them to cry chaotically and uneasily, so that they fly out, observe the movement, and then return to their nests. Ten words, dense imagery and a secluded realm.
Judging from the above analysis, "In this deserted and silent garden, a monk is knocking gently on the door. The sound is so deep that it is like a vivid picture!" The monk knocked clearly. It is the door of Li Ning's secluded residence, not the door of the temple.
"Tang Poetry Appreciation Canon" also said:
Regarding the word "examination" in this couplet, there is an almost universally known story. According to Volume 40 of "Chronicles of Tang Poetry", Jia Dao was waiting to be elected in Chang'an. One day, while riding a donkey on the street, he suddenly came across these two lines of poetry. He initially planned to use the word "push", but then thought of changing it to the word "knock". He was raising his hands on the donkey's back as if he were scrutinizing it. In a daze, he offended the honor guard of Han Yu, the poet who served as Jing Zhaoyin at that time, and was immediately questioned. Jia Dao answered truthfully. Han Yu immediately thought about it for a long time and said to Jia Dao: "It would be better to write the word 'knock'." The two became poetic friends. This shows that Jia Dao's meticulousness in writing poems and refining words and sentences can be seen. This story later became a famous story in literary creation that pays attention to careful consideration of words and sentences. However, in this couplet, is it better to use the word "knock" or the word "push"? An expert on Tang poetry said: "There is no sound when pushing the door, but there is a sound when knocking; the syllables of the word 'push' are mute, and the syllables of the word 'knock' are bright; the posthumous title of Siye Jing, Haoyue Shubo, at this time, a monk in robes raised his hand and knocked on the door. The sound reverberates in the space, and the realm is very different." (Ma Maoyuan and Zhao Changping's "Three Hundred New Poems of the Tang Dynasty") This means that the word "knock" is better than the word "push". Most people may agree with this opinion. Painter Wu Guanzhong said: "Knocking creates sound, which contrasts with silence. However, this situation highlights whether the contrast between silence and noise destroys the overall tone. Including sound will ruin the picture. Pushing the door, there is no sound, no sound is written, He only focused on the pushing action and drew the lines in motion. Compared with the 'su', it appears more harmonious than the 'knocking' without losing the unity of the picture." He raised objections from the perspective of painting, pointing out that "pushing" wins. It is also a wonderful explanation for "knocking".
Looking forward to your analysis.
Chongyuan: Based on the title of the poem "Inscribed on Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion" and the scene described in the poem, it can be judged that the "monk" knocked on the door of Li Ning's "secluded residence" rather than the door of the temple. Therefore, the word "knock" in "The monk knocks on the door under the moon" is better than the word "push". This is not difficult to understand.
Under normal circumstances, the doors of people's residences should be closed at night, especially the doors of "secluded residences" (referring to residences in the wild in the poem). The door of Li Ning's "secluded residence" is closed. The "monk" cannot enter directly, so he needs to "knock" on the door to notify the owner to come and open the door. The door is closed, so he can "push" the door to open the door. No need to "knock" on the door. As for the other benefits of the word "knock", Ma Maoyuan and Zhao Changping have wonderful explanations in "Three Hundred Tang Poems", so I won't go into details here.
Pan Zhimin: However, Mr. Zhu Guangqian, in "Bi Wen Che Zi", believed that the monk was knocking on the door of the temple. The relevant text is as follows:
Some people simply do not understand the close relationship between words and thoughts and emotions, and think that changing one or two words is just to make the text smoother or more beautiful. In fact, changing the words also changes the thoughts and emotions, and the content and form change accordingly. Let me give you a well-known example. Han Yu heard Jia Dao reciting a poem on a moonlit night, including two lines: "The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk pushed the moon to the door." He persuaded him to change the word "push" to the word "knock". Nowadays, if people want to put the meaning of wordplay in a more pleasant way, they call it "examination". Ancient and modern people also appreciated that the word "knock" is better than the word "push". In fact, this is not only a difference in words, but also a difference in artistic conception. Although "push" seems a bit reckless, it means that the lone monk walked back to the temple. He originally closed the door himself, but now he "push" it. He had to hide himself, which showed that he was the only monk in the temple. In this lonely occasion, he came out for a moonwalk when he was interested, and returned when his interest was exhausted. He went alone, free and unencumbered, and he also had his own magnanimity. "Knock" makes it appear that he is more formal, and it also appears that someone in the temple is answering the door. He seemed to be visiting friends on a moonlit night. He was not willing to be lonely. If the temple was not a lively place, at least there were some warm human feelings. In comparison, the air caused by "knocking" is not as cold and quiet as that caused by "pushing". As for the previous sentence "The bird lodges in the tree beside the pond", "push" seems to be more harmonious than "knock". "Pushing" can be silent, while "knocking" inevitably makes pecking sounds, which startles the birds, breaks the silence, and seems to add to the disturbance. Therefore, I doubt whether Han Yu's revision is really as appropriate as it has been praised in ancient and modern times. Only he himself knows which artistic conception Jia Dao was toying with in his mind at that time. If he thinks of "push" and writes the word "knock", or thinks of "knock" and writes the word "push", I think that is impossible. Therefore, the question is not which of the word "push" or "knock" is more appropriate, but which state is what he wanted to say at that time and is consistent with the whole poem. Thinking about words is actually "thinking" about thoughts and feelings.
I have two questions:
1. Let me give you an example that everyone knows. Han Yu heard Jia Dao reciting a poem on a moonlit night, including the two lines "The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk pushed the door under the moon", and persuaded him to change the word "push" to "knock". (Zhimin’s comment: Not everyone may know it. From this passage, Mr. Zhu “doesn’t know”!)
2. Although “push” seems a bit reckless, it means that the lone monk returns home every step of the way. The door of the temple was originally closed by himself, but now he "pushed it". He had to hide himself, which showed that he was the only monk in the temple. In this lonely occasion, he came out for a moonwalk when he was interested, and returned when his interest was exhausted. He went alone, without any hindrance, and he also had his own magnanimity. "Knock" makes it appear that he is more formal, and it also appears that someone in the temple is answering the door. (Zhimin's comment: When teaching this class, I doubted whether Mr. Zhu Guangqian had read the entire poem "Inscribed on Li Ning's Residence" and read some previous comments about this poem!)
I checked a lot of teaching After reading tutorial books and online materials related to the article "Bite the Words" (including some new online teaching designs and lesson plans), I found that no one had realized this problem before. Instead, they spread rumors. It can be said: knocking on the wrong door and misleading many people! For example:
"With his profound humanistic qualities and delicate writing sensitivity, Mr. Zhu Guangqian, the master of aesthetics, chose to use some precise language examples in the short article "Chinese Words" to explain in a simple and easy-to-understand way the rigorous spirit and spirit of using words. The author believes that Guo Moruo followed the example and changed "you have the demeanor of a revolutionary" to "you have the demeanor of a revolutionary", which does not seem to be a good change. Not very appropriate. He also believes that whether Han Yu's "knocking" is better than Jia Dao's "pushing" is also debatable. In this regard, the author made some convincing arguments about independent thinking and truth-seeking innovation. The spirit is the essence of the quality-oriented education we are promoting today, and it is very worthy of students’ learning.” (Excerpted from Zhang Guangxiang’s “Speaking of Words (Contributions from Netizens)”)/news/8027.htm)
Is the truth true? Is it convincing and will it stand up to scrutiny?
Li Tiansong: Which door did you knock on? My personal understanding now is that it may be Li Ning's door. But no matter which door it is, we must clarify two questions: 1) Who is Li Ning? How about birth and death? 2) "The grass path leads into the deserted garden", what is the meaning of the word "waste"?
Why should we pay attention to these two issues? Because these two questions are related to whether Li Ning was still alive when the monk visited the seclusion or to guess what the seclusion was like. If the person is gone or the seclusion does not need to be locked, then the word "knock" will not be updated. suitable. Judging from the whole poem, the poem should be a poem of ambition - expressing the poet's mentality of retreat.
According to the available information, Li Ning is a hermit. What does a hermit pay attention to when locking doors and windows? This is a problem. Another doubtful point is that the last few sentences are supposed to be the scene where the poet visited his close friend but failed to return. Are the scenes in the last two sentences seen in the temple, in the garden, or on the way? Is it because the poet didn't meet him after seeking seclusion, couldn't calm down in the temple, or saw the garden deserted, or some other reason, which made the poet feel that "he came back here after a temporary absence, and his stay in seclusion lived up to his promise"? I think only by clarifying these issues can the poster’s problem be easily solved!
Pan Zhimin: Which door a monk opens should not be just a question of which one is better, "push" or "knock", but it reflects whether the academic attitude is rigorous and whether questioning is promoted in the teaching process. Spirit.
Chongyuan: Judging from the information currently available, Li Ning is a friend of the poet Jia Dao and a recluse. His life story is unknown, but this does not affect the understanding of this poem. .
This poem, titled "Inscribed on Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion", is a five-character rhyme poem with narrative, scene description and lyricism. The narrative describes what the poet did not encounter when he visited his friend "Li Ning's Residence"; the scene description describes "Li Ning's Residence" and its surrounding environment (the first two couplets), as well as the scenery he saw on his way back (neck couplet). The word "Huang" means "wilderness", which is consistent with "secluded residence"; lyrically, it expresses the poet's "secluded feelings" (last couplet).
To write about traveling at night, Jia Dao still has poems such as "Walking Through the Mountain Village at Dusk"; and to write poems about visiting hermits but not meeting them, the poet also has "Visiting Hermits but Not Meeting" and "Inscribing the Residence of Hermits". The poem "Visiting Hermits Is Not Encountered" is a well-known poem. The whole poem has only four lines and 20 words: "Matsushita asked the boy, saying that the teacher went to collect medicine. Only in this mountain, the clouds are deep and I don't know where to go." It writes about the poet going to visit a person in the mountain. He was a hermit, but he was "unmet". The poem only narrates such an incident, and does not explain the relationship between the poet and the hermit, nor the reason for the poet's visit, etc., leaving room for the reader's imagination. The same is true for "Ti Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion". The poet knows Li Ning's name and goes to visit him. It is certain that Li Ning is a friend of the poet. The poet went to visit but did not meet Li Ning. It can be seen that the poet did not know Li Ning's current situation at that time. From the last couplet, it can be inferred that Li Ning is actually still alive. Li Ning is not dead and is not at home. The only explanation is that he has wandered away, just like the hermit - the boy's teacher in "A Visit to the Hermit". When he goes out, the door of his "secluded residence" is closed, and it is reasonable for "the monk knocks on the door under the moon".
Poetry, after all, is not science or documentary literature, and its content cannot and does not need to be confirmed one by one. Leaving a lot of room for readers' imagination is one of the expression techniques of poetry, and it is also the charm of poetry. This can also be regarded as my supplementary explanation to my previous post!
Wu Liming: My views may be different from Mr. Pan’s. There is a poem by Su Shi that says: From the side, it looks like a ridge or a peak on the side, with different heights from near to far. I want to discuss poetry, because the commentators stand on different standpoints and speak different words, and it is inevitable that they will come to different conclusions. Mr. Ma Maoyuan and Mr. Zhu Guangqian, both from Lao Tongcheng, logically speaking, should have the same voice, but they don’t. It turns out that one wants to pursue a “colorful” picture effect, and the other wants to find a “secluded realm” that is close to the author’s. ".
Obviously, poetry appreciation should pursue the "sound and color" picture effect, and this effect is a common practice we can see in ancient poetry. However, from the perspective of pursuing poetry, especially the personal style of the poet Jia Dao, it seems to be very difficult for the appreciator to achieve a "secluded state". Such an explanation (the "soundy and colorful" picture effect) also seems to downplay the lonely spiritual feeling of the bitter poet; moreover, it also confuses the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty with the style and interest of the poetry of the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Therefore, we see the painter Wu Guanzhong - a view closer to nature seen through the eyes of an artist. Perhaps we can find some explanations in this "mutual understanding of poetry and painting".
But I think the questions raised by Mr. Pan are extremely valuable. Which door was pushed (knocked) on? We might as well go back to the poem and take a look.
If we follow the poet Jia Dao's search for the mysterious man Li Ning, then this poem can be interpreted like this -
I live in a very lonely environment , usually few people come and go. Today I came to your residence, but I saw the deserted garden was silent and the roads were densely grassy (your place is the same as mine). I didn't see you, but I saw birds perching on the trees by the pond. Your door was closed. I knocked on your door a few times, but there was only an echo, but no response, so I left. That moon is now mottled on your door and shining on my figure. Oh, I still remember that month. When I came here, when I passed the bridge by your pond, I felt that it was very different from the road. The stone here is as bright as steel, the clouds are moving, and the light and shadow are moving. I won't be able to see you when I come now, but I will come again, and I will never disappoint myself with the meeting we had in private.
In fact, the first four sentences of this poem can also be used as a self-explanation. It seems that it is not forced to explain it this way -
I live in a very lonely environment, Usually there are few people coming and going, my deserted garden is lonely and the roads are densely grassy.
The residence I live in is such that few people come to me. The only company I have is the birds perching on the trees by the pond. Often, I wander alone in the wild. Under the bright moon, I walk back to the temple alone and hide myself. My Chai Fei. Where you live, after crossing the stone bridge, I will feel that the scenery here is very different from the outside. I see the moonlight moving on the clouds and drifting over the rocks. I have not met you today, but I will come again, and I will never disappoint you in our private meeting.
For the understanding of poetry, if you only find the word "reason", you may follow the path of Song poetry. In the face of "reason", we often feel complacent, but we don't know that in this way, the beauty of many poems will be destroyed by us. We must still remember the time when Zhuangzi and Huizi were "playing on the sea". Huizi thought that the power of logic was powerful, but he did not know the joy of "knowing fish". If there is always a gap between people, communication will not be possible; Because of "empathy", the inanimate became alive, and the distance between the world was reduced, so we saw a "humanized" universe.
As for Mr. Zhu Guangqian and his article, I think it should be understood from the perspective of literary interpretation.
Pan Zhimin: "Which door did the monk knock on?" Is it the door of the temple or the door of the hermit Li Ning's retreat? On the surface, this question does not have much effect on the theme and artistic conception of the poem. In fact, it helps us to correctly guide students to interpret the lesson "Beautiful Words" and explore whether Mr. Zhu Guangqian took the words out of context and stuck to the "examination" of these two lines of poetry. I found that many teaching aids did not clarify this issue and often misled students! Therefore, I personally think that discussion on this issue is necessary!
Chongyuan: I think this discussion is quite meaningful. Friends are welcome to continue to express their opinions!
(2) Scene 2: Maybe there was no knocking or pushing the door?
Wu Liming: I think there are still many issues that have not been clarified regarding Jia Dao's "examination". Do they need to be discussed?
Linghui Yixin: Personally, I think it is better to use the word "knock". No matter who is opening the door, it does not matter whether it is moving or quiet. The key point is that he is a "guest". Since he is a guest, even the door It's always a bad idea to open the door and walk in with your eyes open. We can ask, why did he come in? Is there anyone at the door? In fact, it is very simple. No matter which door you are in, or whether there is someone inside, as long as it is not your own door, it is always rash to enter directly, especially for a literati. Besides, if he didn't knock on the first door, he would always knock on the second door, because he was looking for someone when he came in.
My child also expressed his opinion just now. He thought that the word "knock" destroyed the artistic conception of Jingye, but he also believed that using "push" was always unreasonable, so "examination" became a matter of deliberation. The reason why Lianzi is an agreement is that its contradictions are difficult to resolve. I think there is some truth. If we insist on clarifying it, it is just us later generations who are scrutinizing and "examining". For high school students, as long as they list one or two points of view and cause them to explore independently, the purpose of deliberation will be achieved.
Wu Liming: Since it is poetry, it still allows for careful consideration. Didn’t it take more than a thousand years? I think it is very meaningful for this "public case" to continue to be "tried". After all, it is very new to students. If we continue to think about it, students are actually getting closer to our poetry and understanding our poetry. Why not? It's like chewing olives. It doesn't actually satisfy your hunger, but it feels like it has infinite flavor. I think that's enough. Moreover, when we study poetry, we often only emphasize the inculcation of the general meaning of poetry, but ignore students' direct feelings and understanding of poetry. But often in terms of students' understanding and feelings of poetry, it cannot capture students' curiosity, and it cannot give students a strong sense of wonder like this "examination".
Linghui Yixin: It makes sense, just like a hen that lays golden eggs, allowing students to enter poetry in this fascinating way.
Xiao Yi: Yes! This kind of thinking is very fresh and meaningful to students. After reading the above discussion, it seems that Mr. Zhu Guangqian is indeed taking the quote out of context. Judging from the original poem, it is Li Ning's door that should be knocked, not the temple door. Meaningful topics, the key to learning is discovery, and the teachers above set an example for the students. Been taught a lesson! Inspired me - in the future, in teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students to do some such meaningful and distinctive "deliberation".
Linghui Yixin: The topic is very good and meaningful. Start with careful consideration and start a chat to explore.
Wu Liming: Teacher Pan provided a lot of information, thank you in advance! And thank you Mr. Linghui Yixin! Indeed, "The topic is very good and meaningful. Start with careful consideration and let's talk about the style of inquiry."
However, I still think the word "push" is better. When we talk about poetry, we usually only pay attention to whether it has a "colorful" picture. This seems to be a common problem when talking about poetry, so I don't agree with Mr. Ma Maoyuan's view. When talking about poetry, you still can't stick to individual words and sentences, but you must appreciate the artistic conception and extraneous meaning of the poem. What I just want to say here is that we should pay attention to the "secluded realm" of this bitter poet.
Tin Gu: Brother Li Ming, the discussion is very valuable. Because when I talked about word refining, it was inevitable that it would involve careful allusions. Personally, I have always been in favor of using "push" and not in favor of using "knock". The reason is very simple. "Push" is more natural, while "knock" is too abrupt.
If you think that silence can only be expressed when there is sound, I think it is just glue pillars, drums and harps. The important thing here is the sense of language. Some netizens started to discuss it from the outside, which might be a way. It was very enlightening after reading it.
Xiao Yi: Let’s take a look at the questions and answers of the 1998 National Chinese Language and Literature Examination for College Admissions:
Read the following Tang poem and complete questions 14-15.
Title: Li Ning lives in seclusion (Jia Dao)
Living alone with few neighbors, the grass path leads into the deserted garden. The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocked on the door under the moon.
Crossing the bridge changes the colors of the field, and moves the rocks and clouds. I've been away for a while and come back here, and I live up to my promise.
14. The inappropriate explanation for the sentences in this poem is (B)
A. The word "Ti" in "Ti Li Ning lives in seclusion" means " "Write", "secluded residence" means a secluded residence.
B. The meaning of "little neighbors" in the sentence "Xianju" means that Li Ning has been surrounded by neighbors since she was a child.
C. The word "knock" in the sentence "Monk Knock" was also said to be "push", which is where the word "knock" comes from.
D. The word "youqi" in the sentence "youqi" refers to the agreement to return to seclusion, and "live up to one's word" means not to break the promise.
15. In the appreciation of this poem, one inappropriate item is (C)
A. The first couplet uses concise language to outline the environment where Li Ning lives, and Hinting at his identity as a hermit.
B. The sentence "The monk knocks on the door under the moonlight" uses sound to set off the silence, which is similar to the famous sentence "The mountain is more secluded when birds sing".
C. The middle two couplets focus on narrative and scene description. The first and last couplets clearly express the author's yearning for a secluded life.
D. Although the things written in the whole poem are not big and the emotions are not ups and downs, due to the emphasis on word refinement, the reading is endless.
Wu Liming: I don’t think this college entrance examination question is a good one. Poetry has many interpretations, especially ancient poetry. Such deterministic answers can only ruin poetry. When it comes to understanding poetry, I think there should be multiple interpretations. I think the discussion we have here can already illustrate some issues.
Linghui Yixin: After reading the above text, from the perspective of the artistic conception of the poem, the knocking on the door in the quiet night really destroys the tranquility and harmony of the scene. However, in terms of night walking experience, most of them are done quietly. , you will not disturb the night elves unless you have to, and this has actually destroyed the artistic conception of the poem. As a poet, if you can capture the poetic mood of the moment, your mood must be the same as the night scene. If there is a slight sound, the poem The inspiration will surely be frightened away like a bird.
Now back to the topic, regardless of the success or failure of the poem, whether the door under the moon is a door that monks can enter without knocking, I think it is possible without knocking. The courtyard must be a place where poets can enter and exit freely. , otherwise the poet's deliberation in the above story would be a bit false, as if poetry was poetry for poetry's sake. In this way, from the word "knock" in the poems handed down, you must knock on the door. The door is not your own door. If a visitor comes in without knocking, the owner will be sneaky and sneaky without knowing it. Too bad. It seems that this deliberation is really an intractable contradiction.
Since this door can be discussed and criticized, when we interpret this poem today, we don’t need to care about the authenticity of the discussion. We can only discuss the merits of the discussion based on the artistic conception of the poem.
Wu Liming: Indeed, poetry is written out of emotion, and its value lies in the chance of a good hand. But it requires a special event and special poetic talent. Judging from Jia Dao, that kind of secret poetic nature is swirling in the mind. If you want to express it, you can't use alcohol to invigorate it. Monks generally can't drink, so they can't compose poetry in a hazy and self-intoxicated state. . ——It’s really difficult for him.
Poets are inherently lonely, but to have a sublime and secluded meeting of the soul, they must have a straightforward and casual demeanor, just like what we saw in Tao Qian. But it is really difficult for a prudent poet to be under such control. His request and Han Yu’s decision, I think, were not really understood by Han Yu based on the specific situation of the poem. What's more, the word "knock" has Han's style, and he often makes fuss about dangerous situations. That is the true nature of the acting mayor. Therefore, there may be another reason why the word "knock" is inappropriate.
Wang Qunli: I think the choice of the word "examination" should not be separated from the specific life experience and spiritual feelings. The poet's own experience and feelings are the most important, but once a literary work is published, it will have its own independent existence. Its literary value and aesthetic significance, so eternal debates are inevitable!
Tang Chunbing: I have an idea. The poem was written by Jia Dao himself, and the incident was also experienced by him personally. So did he knock on the door or push it open? Isn’t it enough to just write it truthfully?
Wu Liming: I think people at that time may still have some very mysterious views on poetry. Moreover, from Lao Du's "If your words are not surprising, you will never stop", can we also see the serious and persistent attitude of people at that time towards poetry? If written according to reality, it may be plain and not as good as Tao's poetic effect that seems barren but substantial.
Tang Chunbing: What I mean is, did Jia Dao himself knock on the door or push it open? Is there any record?
Linghui Yixin: I think maybe he didn’t knock or push the door open, otherwise he wouldn’t have hesitated.
Tang Chunbing: Yes, I think what Yixin said makes sense. Maybe his deliberation started from then on.
Wu Liming: Mr. Su’s poet-like thinking is very unique. When I think about it, it makes sense. Jia Dao might just be writing poetry. Maybe Jia Dao should really experience it once. However, this idea is just a conjecture. Who knows where the secret passage leading to Jia Dao's heart is? Maybe poetry is such a mystery!
Tang Chunbing: It would be very interesting if relevant documents could be found to prove these speculations.
Wu Liming: Some mysteries can only be left to readers forever. Just like Li Shangyin's poems, don't they become more interesting the more you guess?
I remember Clive Bell said in the book "Art": "When Mr. Oka Aoi, the government editor of "Japanese Temple Collection" came to Europe for the first time, he was admiring those works that were not made for will. He had no difficulty in creating illusions with technique, but concentrating on the creation of form. He immediately understood the Byzantine masters, the French and Italian primitivist painters, and, on the other hand, due to the literary arts. The painters of the Renaissance were keen on description and placed their interest in literature and anecdotes, so what he saw in them was only vulgarity and chaos...Similarly, Europeans with strong sensibilities were able to deal with them. The meaningful forms in the great oriental art react without thinking, and are indifferent to the anecdotes and social criticism of art that are talked about by Chinese amateur art lovers. "Although this is about painting, it is. It still applies to literature. That kind of thorough understanding, that kind of "skilled" interpretation, I think, may not be the same thing as the understanding of poetry or literature. I appreciate Mr. Tang’s criticism.
Of course, from this kind of scrutiny, we seem to be able to feel how firmly the poets after their heyday dreamed of that bitter literary dream. And Han Yu’s finalization is the word "knock". I always feel that there are a lot of things here that are worth exploring. Even, I think in a considerable sense, it was Han Yu who made us obsessed with this "public case" today. Let me repeat what you said in the first scene:
Su Shi once said in a poem: Viewed from the side, it looks like a ridge and a peak on the side, with different heights from near to far. I want to discuss poetry, because the commentators stand on different standpoints and speak different words, and it is inevitable that they will come to different conclusions. Mr. Ma Maoyuan and Mr. Zhu Guangqian, who are both from Laotongcheng, logically speaking, should have the same voice, but they don’t. It turns out that one wants to pursue a "colorful" picture effect, and the other wants to find a "secluded realm" that is close to the author's. ".
Obviously, poetry appreciation should pursue a "colorful" picture effect, and this effect is a common practice we can see in ancient poetry. However, from the perspective of pursuing poetry, especially the personal style of the poet Jia Dao, it seems to be very difficult for the appreciator to achieve a "secluded state". Such an explanation also seems to downplay the lonely spiritual feeling of a bitter poet; moreover, it also confuses the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty with the style and interest of the poetry of the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Therefore, we saw the painter Wu Guanzhong on the 5th floor - a view closer to nature seen from the eyes of an artist. Perhaps we can find some explanations in this "mutual understanding of poetry and painting".
Wu Liming: I noticed the introduction of Jia Dao in the history of Chinese literature. First, he replaced his life with writing poetry ("If you don't write poetry for a day, your heart will be like a waste well." "Play to Friends") He loved to write about fireflies, ant nests, snakes, and strange birds. Follow the familiar path, specifically exploring the dark corners that others have not noticed. Most of his friends were monks and Taoists. This is not something we are familiar with. So deliberation is inevitable. Second, he was a monk in his early years, and later went to Jingluo to meet Han Yu, so he returned to secular life and was promoted to Jinshi. I think the fact that he chose the word "knock" cannot rule out the possibility that he would fall in love with Han Yu and hope for his recommendation and promotion.