“The blue sky above and the yellow spring below are nowhere to be seen.” It comes from the work "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty.
"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem can be divided into three major sections, from "The Emperor of the Han Dynasty focused on color and thought of his country" to "The Song of Shockingly Broken Colorful Feather Clothes". The thirty-two lines are the first section, which describes the love life and love of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang. The result was the outbreak of political chaos and the An-Shi Rebellion. From "The smoke and dust of Jiuchong City" to "The soul never comes to dream" are the second paragraph. The forty-two sentences are the second paragraph, describing the Maweiyi mutiny, the murder of Concubine Yang, and the subsequent longing and unwavering affection of Emperor Xuanzong for Yang Guifei. . From "Linqiong Taoist Hongdu Guest" to "This hatred lasts forever", the forty-six sentences are the third paragraph, which tells that Tang Xuanzong sent people to heaven and earth to search for Yang Guifei and Yang Guifei met Tang Dynasty in Penglai Palace. The situation of Xuanzong’s envoy.
Original text:
Song of Everlasting Regret
Bai Juyi [Tang Dynasty]
The emperor of the Han Dynasty paid great attention to beauty and thought about the country, and he couldn't get it for many years.
There is a daughter in the Yang family who has just grown up. She is raised in a boudoir and no one knows her.
It’s hard to give up on natural beauty. Once you choose it, you will be on the side of the king.
Looking back, you can smile and be charming, the pink and white in the Sixth Palace are colorless.
In the cold spring, you can bathe in Huaqing Pool, and the hot spring water will wash away the fat.
The waiter lifts up the weakling, which is the beginning of new grace.
The flowers on the temples are swaying with golden steps, and the hibiscus tent warms the spring night.
The spring night is short and the sun is rising, and the king will not go to court early from now on.
There is no leisure time for Cheng Huan to serve banquets, and he spends all his time traveling from spring to night.
There are three thousand beauties in the harem, and three thousand people love them all.
The golden house is made up to serve as a charming servant at night, and the jade house is drunk and spring after the banquet.
Sisters and brothers are all in the earth, and they are poor and glorious.
This makes the hearts of parents all over the world not to be reborn as boys but to be reborn as girls.
Qingyun comes from the heights of Li Palace, and fairy music can be heard everywhere.
Slow singing, slow dancing, silk and bamboo, the king is not satisfied with it.
The sound of Yuyang's flying rhinoceros stirred the earth, shocking the song of colorful clothes and feathers.
Smoke and dust arose from the Jiuchong City Tower, and thousands of horses rode southwestward.
The green flowers wavered and stopped, more than a hundred miles west of the capital.
The Sixth Army had no choice but to turn around and die in front of the horse.
There is no one to collect the flowers and flowers on the ground, and the green buds and jade are scratching their heads.
The king hid his face and could not be saved. Looking back, blood and tears flowed.
The yellow leaves are scattered in the wind, and the clouds linger in the sword pavilion.
There are few people walking at the foot of Mount Emei, and the flags are dull and the sun is thin.
The Shujiang River is green and the Shushan Mountains are green, and the Holy Lord is in love with him day and night.
Seeing the moon in the palace looks sad, and hearing the heartbreaking sound of bells in the rain at night.
The sky spins and the earth spins back to Long Yu, and he hesitates and cannot go. (Earth Rotation Part 1: Sun Rotation)
In the soil at the foot of Mawei slope, there is no place where Yu Yan died.
The emperor and his ministers looked after each other with all their clothes, and looked eastward to the capital to return home.
After returning, the ponds and gardens are all still the same, with lotuses and willows blooming in Taiye.
The hibiscus is like a face and willows are like eyebrows, how can you not shed tears about this?
The peach and plum blossoms bloom in the spring breeze, and the sycamore leaves fall in the autumn rain. (Flowers Blooming Day, Part 1: Flowers Blooming Night)
There are many autumn grasses in the south of the West Palace, and the fallen leaves are full of red leaves that are not swept away. (Nan Nei's first work: Nanyuan)
The disciples in Liyuan have new white hair, and the prisoner Qing'e in Jiaofang is old.
The fireflies in the evening palace are quietly thinking, and the solitary lamp has been exhausted before they fall asleep.
At the beginning of the long night, the stars are about to dawn.
The mandarin duck tiles are frosty and the flowers are heavy, and the jade quilt is cold, who cares?
After so many years of separation between life and death, my soul never came to sleep.
Linqiong Taoist priest Hongdu Ke can touch the soul with his sincerity.
To appreciate the king’s thoughts, he taught the alchemists to search diligently.
The empty air rushes like lightning, ascending to the heavens and entering the earth to seek for all.
The poor blue sky above and the yellow spring below, both places are nowhere to be seen.
Suddenly I heard that there was a fairy mountain on the sea, and the mountain was ethereal.
The exquisite pavilions are filled with five clouds, and there are many fairies among them.
There is a character in the book who is too real and has a snow-skinned and colorful appearance.
Knock on the jade in the west chamber of the Golden Palace, and turn to the small jade to get a double success.
Hearing that the Emperor of Han Dynasty envoys, the dream soul in Jiuhua tent was frightened.
Wandering around while holding clothes and pushing pillows, the bead foil silver screen meanders open.
The hair on the temples is half fresh when sleeping, and the flower crown is not neat when I come out of the hall.
The wind blows and the fairy's sleeves flutter, just like the dancing of colorful clothes and feathers. (Piao Xi's first work: Piaopiao)
The jade face is lonely and full of tears, and a branch of pear blossom brings rain in spring. (Lan Tong: Column)
Looking at the king with affection, his voice and appearance are blurry.
Love is overwhelming in Zhaoyang Palace, and the sun and moon grow long in Penglai Palace.
Looking back and looking down at the world, I can see the dust and mist in Chang'an.
I will send my old things to express my deep affection, and send my hairpin to the future.
Leave one strand of the hairpin and combine it into a fan; break the hairpin into gold and combine it into two pieces.
But if your heart is as strong as gold, we will meet in heaven and on earth. (The first work of Dan Ling: Dan Jiao)
When I was leaving, I sent my message again diligently, in which I vowed to know each other.
On July 7th, in the Palace of Eternal Life, no one was whispering in the middle of the night.
I would like to be a winged bird in the sky, and a twig on the ground.
The eternity of heaven and earth will eventually come to an end, and this hatred will last forever.
Translation:
Tang Xuanzong loved women and was always looking for stunning beauties. He had ruled the country for many years and could not find anyone he liked.
The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up. She is raised in a boudoir and outsiders do not know how beautiful she is.
Her natural beauty made it difficult for her to be buried in the world, and it didn’t take long for her to become a concubine of Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty.
She looked back and smiled so charmingly that the other concubines in the palace were overshadowed.
In the cold spring, the emperor sent her to bathe in Huaqing Pool. The warm spring water washed her white, tender and moist skin.
The palace maid helped Pingting to lift her up like a hibiscus out of water, and she began to gain favor from the emperor.
With cloud-like hair on the temples and a flower-like face on the head, wearing a golden walking stick, I spent the spring night with the emperor in the warm hibiscus tent.
I just regret that the spring night is too short and I sleep until the sun rises high. The king never goes to court early again.
Thanks to the emperor's favor, I was so busy that I had no time to spare. In the spring, I accompanied the emperor on an outing and spent every night with him.
There are many beauties in the harem, but she is the only one who enjoys the emperor's favor.
In the golden house, I dress up and act coquettishly every night, and the drunkenness after the banquet in the jade tower adds a bit of charm.
Her brothers and sisters have all been honored with titles because of her, and the Yang family’s brilliance is enviable and desirable.
As a result, parents all over the world have changed their minds and have become less focused on having a boy and more emphasis on having a girl.
The Yuyu Qiong Tower in Huaqing Palace in Lishan towers into the clouds, and fairy music floats in all directions when the breeze passes.
The singing, dancing, and harmonious orchestral melodies are all so vivid that the king never tires of watching them all day long.
The war drums of the Yuyang rebellion were deafening, and the song of colorful clothes and feathers stopped playing in the palace.
A war broke out in the capital city of Jiuzhongmen, and the king fled to the southwest with his ministers and beautiful family members.
The emperor's honor guard motorcade stopped and stopped until it arrived at Maweipo, more than a hundred miles away from Chang'an.
The Royal Forest Army stopped advancing and demanded the death of Concubine Yang. The king had no choice but to hang Yang Yuhuan at the foot of Mawei Slope.
The ornaments on the imperial concubine’s head were left uncollected on the ground, including golden bird hairpins and jade hairpins.
The emperor couldn't hide his face and cried when he wanted to be saved. When he looked back and saw the scene of the tragic death of the imperial concubine, he couldn't stop crying.
The wind blew up the yellow dust and made it particularly desolate. The convoy traveled through the plank road and set foot on the ancient Jiange Road.
There are few people walking down Mount Emei, and the flags are colorless, the sun and the moon have no light.
The beautiful mountains and clear waters of Sichuan aroused the lovesickness of the king.
Seeing the moonlight in the palace makes me sad, and hearing the bell at night makes me heartbroken.
When the situation improved, the emperor returned to Chang'an. He passed by Maweipo and hesitated after seeing things and missing people.
In the desolate yellow tomb at the foot of Mawei slope, the beauty’s face is no longer visible, only her tomb lies in the mountain.
The emperor and his ministers looked at each other, their clothes were wet with tears. They looked eastward and whipped their horses carelessly, allowing them to advance back to the capital.
When I came back, I saw that the place in the pond was still the same. The hibiscus beside the Taiye Pond was still there and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace had not changed.
The hibiscus blooms like a jade ring on her face, and the willow leaves resemble her eyebrows. How can I not shed tears at this scene?
The spring breeze blows open the peach and plum blossoms, which makes people sad. The autumn rain drops on the sycamore leaves make the scene even more lonely and miserable.
The steps of Xingqing Palace and Ganlu Palace are overgrown with autumn grass and fallen leaves, and have not been cleaned for a long time.
The hair of the opera singers and dancers has turned snow-white, and the beauty of the palace ladies in the pepper room has faded.
At night, fireflies were flying in the palace, and Xuanzong secretly missed his concubine. He could not fall asleep even after all the lamp oil was used up.
The slower the sound of bells and drums, the longer it sounds. The night is getting longer, and the stars are flooding and the day is about to light up.
The frost flowers on the Yuanyang tiles are reborn, who sleeps with the king in the cold emerald quilt?
It has been a year since Yin and Yang separated, why have you never come to me in my dreams?
There was a Taoist priest who came to Chang'an from Linqiong. It was said that he could attract the soul of a noble concubine with his sincerity.
The king was moved by how much he missed the concubine, so the Taoist priest tried his best to find the concubine's soul.
Soaring through the clouds and mists like lightning, I searched all over the world.
I searched all over the nine heavens and all over the nine earths, but still couldn’t find it.
Suddenly I heard that there was a fairy mountain on the sea. This fairy mountain was vaguely surrounded by clouds and mist.
The gorgeous and exquisite pavilions are held up by colorful clouds, and there are countless fairies with light and graceful figures inside.
One of them has a too real character, a skin like snow and a flower-like appearance, which seems to be the Yang Yuhuan the king is looking for.
The messenger came to the west of Jinque and knocked on the jade gate and called softly. The courtyard of the Immortal Mansion was full of details and had to be reported repeatedly.
Taizhen woke up from the gorgeously embroidered tent when he heard that the king's messenger had arrived.
I put on my clothes, pushed aside the pillow, and walked out of the sleeping tent. The bead curtains and silver-decorated screens opened one after another.
Having just woken up with her hair in a bun, she had no time to dress up and came out of the hall with a flower crown.
The gentle fairy wind blows the sleeves and flutters slightly, just like the colorful feathers dance of the noble concubine back then.
The tears on the lonely and sad face are like pear blossoms with rain in spring.
The emperor's envoy gazed lovingly at him and asked him to express his deep gratitude to the king. After the long farewell on Mawei slope, the news of his appearance was unclear.
The marriage in Zhaoyang Palace has been broken off for a long time, and the loneliness in Penglai Palace is still very long.
Looking at the human world from the fairyland, you can’t see the haunting Chang’an, only the vast dust and mist.
I can only express my deep feelings with the tokens from back then. You can bring the mother-of-pearl box and gold hairpin as a souvenir to the king.
Cut the golden hairpin and the mother-of-pearl box in half, and the king and I each keep half.
I hope our loving hearts are as loyal and strong as golden treasures, and we will always have the chance to meet again in heaven and on earth.
When leaving, I diligently asked the messenger to send a message of condolences to the king. Only the king and I know the oath in the message.
On July 7th of that year, in the Hall of Eternal Life, there was no one around in the middle of the night and we made an oath of alliance.
In the sky, I wish to be like two birds flying together, and on the ground, I wish to be like branches growing side by side.
Even if eternity lasts forever, there will always be an end, but the hatred of life and death will never end.
Note:
Hanhuang: Originally refers to Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This refers to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The literary creations of Tang people often refer to Tang as Han.
Focus on color: Like women.
The most beautiful woman in the country. Li Yannian of the Han Dynasty sang a song to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "There is a beautiful woman in the north, peerless and independent. Once you look at the Qingren city, then look at the Qingren country. It is better not to know the Qingguo and the Qingren country. It is hard to find a beautiful woman again." Later, "Qingguo" "Qingcheng" has become a synonym for beauty.
Yu Yu: Controlling Yu Yunei means ruling the world. Han Jiayi's "On Passing the Qin": "Strengthen the strategy and control the inner world"
The Yang family has daughters: Yang Xuanyan, the Sihu of Shuzhou, has a daughter, Yang Yuhuan, who was raised by her uncle Yang Xuangui since she was a child. She was seventeen years old (Kaiyuan) In the 23rd year), she was canonized as the concubine of Li Mao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong. At the age of twenty-seven, she was canonized as a noble concubine by Xuanzong. Bai Juyi said that "I was raised in a boudoir and no one knows about it", which is a statement that the author deliberately made to avoid taboos for the emperor.
Beautiful appearance.
Sixth Palace Fendai: refers to all the concubines in the palace.
Pendai: Fendai is originally a cosmetic product for women. The powder is used to apply on the face and the Dai is used to draw the eyebrows. This generation refers to women in the sixth house. Colorless: It means that in comparison, everything has lost its beautiful appearance.
Huaqing Hot Spring: Huaqing Hot Spring is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain in the south of Lintong District, Xi'an City. Tangquan Palace was built in the 18th year of Tang Zhenguan (644), renamed Hot Spring Palace in the second year of Xianheng (671), and renamed Huaqing Palace after expansion in the sixth year of Tianbao (747). Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty lived here every winter and spring.
Condensed fat: Describes the skin as white, tender and moist, like solidified fat. "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Shuo Ren" says "skin is like gelatin".
Waiter: palace maid.
Xincheng Enze: Just got the emperor's favor.
The clouds on the temples: "Mulan Poetry": "The clouds on the temples are trimmed by the window, and the decals are yellow in the mirror." Describes a woman's hair as beautiful as clouds. Jinbuyao: a kind of gold jewelry, made of gold and silver wire coiled into the shape of a flower, decorated with hanging beads and the like, inserted in the hair and swaying when walking.
Hibiscus tent: a tent embroidered with lotus flowers. Describe the exquisiteness of the account. Xiao Gang's "Thirteen Conjoined Rhymes of Xie Hui": Bead rope emerald curtains, and silk curtains of hibiscus.
Spring Night: Wedding night.
Three thousand beauties: "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Queen's Chronicle": Since Wuyuan, the cost of prostitution has increased, even to the number of three thousand in Yeting. There are so many women in the harem.
Golden House: "The Story of Han Wu" records that when Emperor Wu was a child, his aunt held him on her lap and asked him if he wanted her daughter Gillian to be his wife. He smiled and replied: "If you get Gillian, you should store it in a gold house."
Lietu: to entrust land.
Poor: cute and worthy of envy.
Li Palace: Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. Lishan is located in Lintong, Shaanxi Province today.
Ningsi Bamboo: Finger string instruments and wind instruments accompany the soothing melody.
Yuyang: The name of the county, which governs present-day Pinggu County in Beijing and Ji County in Tianjin. At that time, it was under the jurisdiction of Pinglu, Fanyang, and Hedong towns, Jiedushi Anlu Mountain. In the winter of the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), Anlushan rebelled in Fan Yang. Drum: a small drum used by ancient cavalry, which refers to war.
Ni (ní) Shang Yuyi Song: The name of the dance music is said to have been presented by Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Xuanzong polished it and produced the lyrics, it was changed to this name
name. The music is intended to express the ethereal wonderland and images of fairies.
Jiuzhongchengque: The capital city with Jiuzhongmen, this refers to Chang'an.
Smoke and dust: refers to the occurrence of war. Que means the buildings on both sides of the ancient palace gate, generally referring to the palace or the residence of the emperor. "Chu Ci·Nine Bian": The king's gate is divided into nine levels.
Riding: one person and one horse are one rider.
Cuihua: A flag decorated with kingfisher feathers, used by the emperor's honor guard. Sima Xiangru's "Ode to Shanglin": Build the flag of green flowers and the drum of tree spirits.
More than a hundred miles: refers to Maweipo, which is more than a hundred miles away from Chang'an.
Sixth Army: refers to the emperor’s army.
Wan Zhuan: describes the sad and lingering look of a beautiful woman before her death.
Mo Mei: The ancient name for beautiful women, this refers to Yang Guifei.
Hua Dian: flower-shaped jewelry made of gold and jade jewelry.
Put it on the ground.
Cuiqiao: jewelry, shaped like the tail of an emerald bird.
Golden Bird: Golden Bird Hairpin, the hairpin looks like a phoenix (called Zhuque in ancient times).
Jade scratching the head: jade hosta. Volume 2 of "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing": When Emperor Wu passed by Mrs. Li, he took a jade hairpin and scratched her head. From then on, people in the imperial court used jade to scratch their heads.
Yunzhan: a plank road that reaches into the sky.
Yingyu (yíngyū): lingering around.
Jiange: Also known as Jianmenguan, it is located in the north of Jiange County in today's Sichuan Province. It is the main road from Qin to Shu
. The mountains here are like swords, and where the cliff breaks, the two mountains face each other like a door. When Zhuge Liang came to Shu, he carved a stone plank road to pass through.
Emeishan: in today's Emeishan City, Sichuan. On his way to Shu, Xuanzong did not pass through Mount Emei, which generally refers to the high mountains in central Sichuan.
The palace: the emperor’s temporary residence when he leaves Beijing and travels.
The world is spinning: it means the situation is getting better. In the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (757), Guo Ziyi's army regained Chang'an.
Huilongyu: The emperor’s chariot returns.
Xinma: It means whipping the horse unintentionally and letting the horse move forward.
Taiye: There is a Taiye Pool in the Han Palace.
Weiyang: The Han Dynasty had Weiyang Palace. These all refer to the Chang'an Imperial Palace of the Tang Dynasty.
West Palace Nanyuan: The inside of the palace is called Ouchi. The West Palace is the Taiji Palace in the west, and the Xingqing Palace in the south. After Xuanzong returned to Beijing, he first lived in Nannei. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), the powerful eunuch Li Fuguo used the name of Suzong to force Xuanzong to move to the west, and exiled Xuanzong's close associates Gao Lishi, Chen Xuanli and others.
Liyuan disciples: refers to the musicians and dancers trained by Xuanzong.
Liyuan: According to the "New Book of Tang Dynasty·Book of Rites and Music": The institution for teaching music in the palace during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once selected 300 people from the "Zubu Ji" to teach singing and dancing, and they could perform at any time according to orders. It was known as " Disciples of the Emperor's Liyuan".
Jiao Fang: The place where the empress lived, so called because the walls were plastered with peppercorns and mud.
Ajian: the female attendant in the palace. Qing'e: young palace maid. According to "New Book of Tang·Hundred Officials", there are Ajian and Deputy Jian in the Neiguan Palace, who are considered to be in the seventh grade.
Carry out all the lamps: In ancient times, oil lamps were used for lighting. In order to make the lights brighter, after a while, the lamps immersed in oil would be picked forward a little. Picking them all out means it’s late at night. According to the legend, in the Tang Dynasty, candles were kept burning at night instead of oil lamps. This is intended to describe the miserable living environment of Xuanzong in his later years.
Chichi: slow. The sound of the clock bells and drums starts and ends at the original time. This is used to describe Xuanzong's mood when he had a long night of sleeplessness.
Geng Geng: The appearance of twilight. Desire for Dawn: When the long night is about to dawn.
Yuanyang tiles: tiles on the roof that are pitched together in opposite directions. The tiles on the roof are aligned with each other and are called Yin and Yang tiles, also known as Yuanyang tiles. Shuanghua: frost flower.
Emerald Quilt: A quilt with an emerald bird embroidered on the fabric. Who is ***: Who is ***.
Linqiong: present-day Qionglai County, Sichuan.
Hongdu: The palace gate of Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty
The name here refers to Chang'an. "Book of the Later Han: Chronicles of Emperor Ling": In February of the first year of Guanghe, the bachelor of Hongdu Gate was established.
To the soul: Invoke the soul of Concubine Yang.
Alchemist: A person with magic. This refers to Taoist priests. Diligent: try your best.
Creative background:
In the first year of Yuanhe (806 AD) of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi was appointed as the county captain of Yuxi (now Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City). One day, I visited Xianyou Temple near Maweiyi with my friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and talked about Li Longji and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that outstanding things like this will disappear over time if they are not heavily processed and polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lots of happiness are deeper than poetry and more than love. How about singing it?" So Bai Juyi wrote this long poem. Because the last two sentences of the long poem are "Eternity will eventually end, and this hatred will last forever", so they called this poem "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". Chen Hong also wrote a legendary novel "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow".
Appreciation:
"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is a well-known poem among Bai Juyi's poems. It was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806), when the poet was working as a poet in Yuxi County (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). County captain. This poem was composed when he and his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu visited Xianyou Temple and were inspired by the stories of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei. In this long narrative poem, the author uses concise language, beautiful images, and a combination of narrative and lyrical techniques to narrate the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei during the Anshi Rebellion: Their love was ruined by the rebellion they caused. We are endlessly eating the bitter pill of this spirit. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang were both historical figures. The poet did not stick to history, but relied on a little shadow of history, based on the legends of the people at that time and the songs of the neighbors, to create a twists and turns and moving story. Describe and sing it with the artistic form of looping, lingering and pathos. Because the stories and characters in the poem are all artistic and are complex and true representations of people in reality, they can create ripples in the hearts of readers of all ages.
"Song of Everlasting Regret" is the song "Eternal Regret". "Eternal Regret" is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story, and a seed buried in the poem that affects people's hearts. As for what to "hate" and why to "eternally hate", the poet does not directly narrate and express it, but shows it to the readers layer by layer through the poetic stories in his writing, allowing people to figure out, savor, and understand for themselves. Feel. The first line of the poem: "The Emperor of Han valued beauty and thought of his country." It seems very ordinary, as if the story should have started from here, and the author did not need to put any thought into it. In fact, these seven words contain a lot of content. It is the outline of the entire poem, which not only reveals the tragic elements of the story, but also evokes and guides the entire poem. Immediately afterwards, the poet used extremely frugal language to describe how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty focused on and pursued beauty before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, who "looked back and smiled with all her beauty, and the pink and white in the sixth palace have no color".
It describes Yang Guifei's beauty and charm. After entering the palace, she was favored because of her beauty. Not only did she "newly inherit the favor", but her "sisters and brothers were all from the earth". It repeatedly exaggerates how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in sexual pleasure, had fun, and indulged in singing, dancing, drinking, and sex in the palace after he got the imperial concubine. All of these led to the Anshi Rebellion: "The Yuyang Pier is stirring up the earth, shocking the colorful clothes and feathers." This part writes the internal cause of "eternal hatred" and is the basis of the tragic story. Through this realistic period of palace life, the poet ironically introduces us to the hero and heroine of the story: an emperor who values ??sex over country, and a charming and doting concubine. It also vividly hints to us that Tang Xuanzong's lustful behavior was the root of this tragedy.
Below, the poet describes in detail the scene of the emperor's soldiers fleeing into the southwest in a hurry after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei during this turmoil. "The six armies had no choice but to do nothing. They died in front of the horse with their eyebrows turned. The flowers and flowers left the ground without anyone to take it, and the green and green golden birds and jade scratched their heads. The king hid his face and could not save him. Looking back, the blood and tears flowed harmoniously." This is what they wrote in Mawei Poe's farewell scene. "The six armies did not send out" and demanded the death of Concubine Yang because he was angry that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was infatuated with women and was causing harm to the country and the people. The death of Concubine Yang is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love became a tragedy. Then, from "the yellow leaves are scattered in the wind and the wind is blowing" to "the soul never comes to dream", the poet It captures the heart-wrenching "hate" in the character's spiritual world, and uses a sour and touching tone to describe and describe Tang Xuanzong's loneliness and sorrow in Shu after the death of Yang Guifei. He also reminisces about the past on the road and sees things after returning to the palace. Thinking about people, touching scenes and feeling emotions, all kinds of feelings about things and people all year round. The lingering longing for lovesickness makes people feel heartbroken. Precisely because the poet exaggerates the emotions of the characters to such an extent, the arrival of the Taoist priests and the appearance of the fairyland later give people a sense of reality, and they no longer think it is just a castle in the air.
From "Linqiong Taoist Hongdu Guest" to the end of the poem, it is written that the Taoist helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. The poet adopts a romantic approach, suddenly going up to the sky and suddenly down to the earth, "the blue sky above is poor and the yellow spring is below, and neither place can be seen". Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain on the sea, and she reappeared in the fairyland in the image of "a jade face lonely with tears, a pear blossom with spring rain", and she enthusiastically welcomed the Han family's envoys. The poem reiterates the previous oath, reflects Tang Xuanzong's longing for her, and further deepens and exaggerates the theme of "everlasting regret". At the end of the poem, the line ends with "As time goes by and ends, this hatred lasts forever", it points out the theme and responds to the beginning, and it is "clear and clear", giving readers room for association and aftertaste.
The first thing that gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty in "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is the touching and moving story in the poem, as well as the exquisite and unique artistic conception of the poem. The center of the whole article is the song "Eternal Regret", but the poet starts from the "heavy color" and tries his best to elaborate and exaggerate it. "The sun rises high", "does not go to bed early", "nights are full of nights", "not seen enough", etc., seem to be extremely happy, like a comedy scene. However, the extreme happiness reflects the endless hatred behind it. . Tang Xuanzong's debauchery harmed the country, which led to political tragedy, which in turn led to the love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The creator of the tragedy finally becomes the protagonist of the tragedy. This is a special and twisty part of the story, and it is also the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have "eternal hatred". Many people have said in the past that "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" has an allegorical meaning, and this is where the allegorical meaning of this poem lies. So, how does the poet express "eternal hatred"? The poet's depiction of the death of Concubine Yang Guifei in Maweipo was extremely delicate, and he vividly expressed Tang Xuanzong's inner conflicts and painful feelings that he couldn't bear to part with but couldn't save. Because of this "bloody and tearful" farewell, there is that endless hatred. Subsequently, the poet used many pens and inks to repeatedly exaggerate Tang Xuanzong's longing for Yang Guifei from all aspects. However, the storyline of the poem did not stop at one emotional point, but followed the layers of the character's inner world, sensing his scenery. Constantly changing, moving time and the story forward, using the characters' thoughts and feelings to develop and promote the development of the plot. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Shu after a farewell, and felt very sad and miserable in his heart. On the way back to Shu, he revisited old places, which brought back sad memories. After returning to the palace, he felt sad after seeing things during the day, and couldn't sleep at night. I thought about it day and night but couldn't get it, so I put my hope in dreams, but "it's been years since birth and death, and my soul has never come to dream." At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "everlasting regret" has been written very touchingly, and it seems that the story can end here. However, the poet changed his writing style, opened up a different realm, and with the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming and moving fairyland, pushing the plot of the tragic story to a climax, making the story more twists and turns, with ups and downs, and waves. This turn of events is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant conflicts and collisions between subjective desires and objective reality, the poem vividly expresses the characters' ever-changing psychology, making the story more vivid and moving.
"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is a narrative poem with a strong lyrical component. The poet uses the lyrical techniques that traditional Chinese poetry is good at in narrating stories and shaping characters, harmoniously combining narrative, scene description and lyricism. , forming the lyrical looping characteristics of poetry.
The poet sometimes injects the characters' thoughts and feelings into the scenery, and uses the refraction of the scenery to highlight the characters' mood; sometimes he captures the characteristic scenery and things around the characters, and expresses the inner feelings through the characters' feelings about them, rendering them layer by layer, just right. It expresses the difficult-to-reach feelings deep in the heart of the characters. On the way Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to the southwest, there were yellow dust, plank roads, and high mountains everywhere. The sun was dim, the flags were dull, and the autumn scenery was desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to highlight the sadness of the characters. In the land of Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, I still can't forget my love day and night. The mountains, mountains and rivers in Shu are originally very beautiful, but in the eyes of the lonely and sad Tang Xuanzong, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the water are not the same. It makes people sad. The beauty of nature should be enjoyed in a peaceful state of mind, but he doesn't, so it only increases the pain in his heart. This is to write about sadness through beautiful scenery, which makes the emotion deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the ringing of bells in the rainy night are already very sultry. The poet captures these ordinary but characteristic things and brings people into a sad and heartbroken state. In addition, the sight and smell, the color One sound, intertwined with each other, and the language and tone also show the character's inner sorrow and desolation, which is another level. On the way back to Dudu, "the world was spinning", which was originally a happy thing, but the old things were over again, and the beauty was gone, and I couldn't help but shed tears of sadness. The narrative adds another layer of painful memories. After returning to Chang'an, "When I came back, the ponds and gardens were all the same. The hibiscus in Taiye was like the willows. The hibiscus was like the face and the willows were like the eyebrows. How could I not shed tears at this?" During the day, due to the triggering of the environment and scenery, I associate the scenery with the people. The scenery remains the same, but the people are gone. I can't help but burst into tears. I seem to see the appearance of Concubine Yang from the hibiscus flowers in Taiye Pond and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace. It reveals the extremely complex and subtle inner activities of the characters. "The fireflies in the palace are quietly thinking about each other in the evening, and the solitary lamps are all used up before they can fall asleep. The bells and drums are beginning to sound late in the night, and the stars are about to dawn." Written from dusk to dawn, it focuses on the scene of being haunted by emotions at night and being unable to fall asleep for a long time. This kind of bitter longing is like this "when the peach and plum blossoms bloom in the spring breeze", and it is also like this in "the autumn rain when the sycamore leaves fall". When I saw that the "Liyuan Disciples" and "Ajian Qing'e" from those years had turned gray and faded, which aroused my longing for the joys of the past, I felt sad. From the loose yellow leaves to the green mountains of Shu, from the rainy night in the palace to the triumphant return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, I touch things and feel sad everywhere, and think about people when I see things, repeatedly exaggerating the suffering of the protagonist in the poem from all aspects Pursuit and search. If you can't find it in real life, go to the dream to find it. If you can't find it in the dream, go to the fairyland to find it. Such ups and downs and layers of rendering make the characters' emotions spiral and rise to a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses emotions and goes back and forth to make the characters' thoughts and feelings deeper and richer, making the poems "delicate in texture" and more artistically appealing.
People have always argued endlessly about the theme of Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", including the so-called love theory, political theme theory, dual theme theory, etc. The author of this article believes in love. First of all, from the four levels of analysis of the work, it is certain that Bai Juyi did not describe Li Yang's story with a preachy face like Chen Hong wrote in "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow". Instead, he used "love" as the main theme to let the protagonist's love move the readers. Make it have a resonance and achieve great aesthetic success. This article also combines the author's life experience and social history to analyze his uniqueness in dealing with the relationship between historical themes, political themes and humanistic themes and psychological themes from the people, and further explains the aesthetic significance of the image of Emperor Ming Emperor Yang Guifei of the Tang Dynasty.
As an eternal narrative poem, "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" has a high artistic achievement. Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. How does "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" artistically infect and seduce readers? It is perhaps its greatest artistic feature, its melodiousness and pathos, and it is also its power that has attracted readers for thousands of years, making them infected and seduced.
About the author:
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and Mr. Zuiyin, was originally from Taiyuan, and moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather was here. Born in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.