First, explain the notional words added in the sentence:
1, middle road collapse (death. Collapse, in ancient times, refers to the death of the emperor. Death).
2. Yizhou weakness (lack of manpower and material resources) 3. Stick to it (lazy)
4. This sincere crisis is also (real) (here means "time")
5, loyal minister (loyal and ambitious) 6, chasing the special experience of the first emperor (remembering) (preferential treatment, thick encounter)
7, the opening of the sacred hearing (expanding the hearing in Ming Sheng. Here is to listen to other people's opinions extensively.
8, with the light of the first emperor (carry forward) 9, the spirit of the people (verb, carry forward. Also known as "magnificent")
10, bearish on yourself. Self-contempt, self-abandonment)
1 1, the metaphor is meaningless (inappropriate speech. A lost quotation is called a quotation metaphor. Righteousness, propriety and propriety. )
12, in order to block the road of loyal admonition (blocking) 13, fine, negative (reward). Zang, good. No, bad, evil. )
14, committing adultery (committing adultery, violating laws and regulations)
15, Fu Yousi discusses his punishment reward (giving, delivering) (punishment).
16, in order to show your majesty's plain principle (Zhao, show. Ping, fair. Clear thinking and keen observation. ) (governance)
17, favoritism (preference) 18, which are all good (kind and honest people)
19, loyalty and purity (loyalty and righteousness are the best in the world) 20, being the first emperor (therefore)
2 1, Jane pulled away from your majesty (choose) (give) 22, stupid idea (claim to be modest. I)
23, consulting) 24, long-term compensation (gain compensation) (pass "lack", failure)
25, sexual behavior Shu Jun (Shu, Shan) (Jun, Ping)
26. Xiaochang Military (Xiao Ming, Tongda) 27. Keeping a pet as a supervisor (recommended)
28, will be able to make the line harmonious, good and bad (military line array) (high and low).
29. From then on, the Han Dynasty collapsed (for reasons) (frivolous decline).
30. Sigh and hate Huanling (resentment, regret)
3 1, chastity and good death (chastity, loyalty. Faithful and reliable, can serve the country with death)
32. Farming Nanyang (individual) 32. Risking your life in troubled times (if saved)
33, don't ask Wenda (prominent, prestigious) 34, the first emperor had no intention of being a minister (low status, despicable birth)
35. Be humble and condescending (insult, here means lowering one's status) (condescending)
I am very grateful (moved to work hard). I promised the first emperor to drive away (to serve)
38. Rear-duty rollover (encounter) (defeat) 39. Erlai (then)
40. Send me an important event (entrustment) 4 1, and regret it at night (morning, morning).
42, damage the knowledge of the first emperor (damage) 43, go deep into the barren land (grain, here is a verb to grow crops)
44. Depletion is dull (hope) (metaphor can be mediocre. A bad horse, a horse that can't walk fast. Blunt, the blade is not sharp)
45. Busy with eliminating evil (eliminating, eradicating) (evil forces)
46, consider the profit and loss (loss, remove. Benefit, establishment, increase)
47. Slowness of responsibility, care and permission (neglect, negligence).
48. May your Majesty's personal trust (closeness) (trust) 49. To show blame (show) (neglect)
50. Ask for a good way (ask) 5 1, examine elegant words (observe) (accept) (justify)
52, crying on the face (tears)
Second, ancient and modern synonyms:
Example of serial number: ancient meaning and present meaning
1 Cheng Yi opens Shengting expansion store.
I hate Huan without sighing. I am mentally distressed, remorseful and extremely hateful.
The first emperor, as a minister, was not humble, but was born in a vulgar background and had bad words and deeds.
Because of gratitude, I was moved and deeply grateful.
5 Xiao Chang is familiar with the military, familiar with understanding.
Tears and snot on the face
Third, the word polysemy:
Benefit: gain (benefit), considering profit and loss (increase)
Legacy: The late emperor left Guangde (legacy). The first emperor simply pulled it out and left it to his majesty (gift)
Effect: I am afraid that the entrustment will be invalid (effective), the effect of bringing the thief back to life (task) will be invalid, and the crime of treating the minister will be realized.
Accessory function words:
Therefore, (1) respects the emperor's legacy (coming) and (2) blocks the way of loyalty and admonition (making).
(3) to show your majesty's understanding (coming soon) (4) to leave your majesty on the advice of my late emperor (coming soon)
5] A fool asks (takes) what is in the palace (thinks) and learns (takes).
On one occasion, the first emperor was not interested in me (because) and (8) asked me about contemporary affairs (take)
Therefore, on the verge of collapse, I sent another minister to do an important thing.
⑾ hurt the knowledge of the late emperor (so that )⑿May your majesty entrust me with the effect of bringing the dead back to life (release).
[13] Take the spirit of the late emperor [14] as a sign of blame.
⒂ Seeking advice and kindness (coming)
Yu: (1) Minister of Security is tireless (middle) (2) I want to report to His Majesty (middle).
(3) Give it a try in the past (now) (4) Never sigh, hate Huan and Ling (right).
5] Dedicated to Nanyang (middle) [6] Died in troubled times, not seeking Wen Da and others (middle).
Three Chen Gu were in the hut. When he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to be in danger.
(9) Return to the old capital (arrive)
One: (1) The autumn of critical survival is also (the) (2) The Minister of Health is unremitting (the).
(3) I want to report to your majesty (the extraordinary experience of the first emperor)
(4) the way of loyalty and righteousness is also (this) consulting (5) knowing (on behalf of them, Guo Youzhi and so on. )
[6] The first emperor called it energy (instead of him, he was a general).
(7) May your Majesty personally trust you (on behalf of them, on behalf of Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi and joining the army).
Third, the basic points:
1, the model is selected from Zhuge Liang Collection written by Zhuge Liang, a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. "Table" is a style written to the emperor in ancient times. Zhuge Liang put forward three suggestions to Liu Chan, the late ruler, namely, being open and honest, strictly rewarding and punishing, being close to sages, and expressing his deep feelings of "serving the emperor first" and "being loyal to your majesty". The expression of the article is mainly discussion, with narrative and lyricism.
2. The article reviews two things: caring for the thatched cottage and trusting orphans on the verge of collapse. Express gratitude.
3. In this article, "Minister" refers to Zhuge Liang, "former emperor" refers to Liu Bei, and "Your Majesty" refers to Liu Chan.
4. Table is a kind of memorial in ancient times, and it is a style written to the emperor in ancient times, that is, the letters from courtiers to the emperor mostly state their wishes, demands and views on certain issues, and are often discussed, narrated and lyrical.
5. Zhuge Liang made three suggestions to his late master, Liu Chan, in The Example, all of which were great plans for governing the country. These three suggestions are, in turn, to clear the way (to hold a hearing on the imperial edict), to reward and punish severely (to reward and punish clearly), and to be close to sages. Among them, the most important one is: close to the sage, far from the sage. In the words of the article, it is "close to the sage, far from the villain", which is the foundation of the country's survival and the core of the three suggestions.
6. Idioms in Example:
Open a temple, belittle yourself, be a traitor, care about the humble cottage, gain its advantages and disadvantages, and lose its metaphorical meaning.
7. Zhuge Liang mentioned Liu Bei, the former emperor, three times in the article "A Model"/kloc-0. His intention is to encourage the late emperor Liu Chan to carry out the late emperor's testamentary edict, so as to complete the great cause of "unifying the late emperor Liu Bei without competition".
8. In addition, Zhuge Liang also emphatically commented on the two major events of the former emperor's "three visits to the thatched cottage" and "dying to entrust an orphan".
9, thinking analysis
The first part (1-5) analyzes the pattern, points out the crisis and puts forward some suggestions.
The second part (6-7) recalls the past, states the reasons and expresses "thanks".
The third part (8-9) clarifies responsibilities and shows determination.
Fourth, understandable recitation:
(1) The sentence that reflects the author's interest is: If you die in troubled times, don't ask Wenda to be a vassal;
(2) The author puts forward three suggestions to the late Lord: ① holding a holy meeting; ② Impose a fine to cover up its appropriateness; (3) Be close to the sage, be far from the villain; (3) The most important piece of Zhuge Liang's advice to Liu Chan is: Be close to the sage, be far from the villain.
(4) Write the sentence of the author's life: When he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to face danger.
(5) The sentence that points out the strategic goal of starting a career is (political desire): the three armed forces will be rewarded, and the original plan will be north, the turbid waves will be exhausted, the traitors will be destroyed, and the Han Dynasty will be revived, so the capital will be returned.
(6) Zhuge Liang hoped that the late master would not underestimate himself casually. That sentence is: don't sell yourself short.
(7) There is a saying in "Zhuge Liang Ji": "The reward should not be uneven, and the punishment should not be uneven." This is consistent with the two sentences in the "Teacher's Watch": "Generalize by partiality, so that internal and external laws are different".
(8) Milu became the head coach of the national team when China men's soccer World Cup failed repeatedly. This is: "when accepting failure, you are ordered to be in danger."
(9) Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to adhere to the same standard in rewarding and punishing palace officials and court officials: no impunity;
(10) The sentence that explains the author's indifference to fame and fortune: live in troubled times, don't call it Wenda, etc.
(1 1) Reasons for the demise of the later Han Dynasty: I am a relative villain and a visionary minister, so the later Han Dynasty perished.
(12) Zhu Xunliang analyzed the situation in the world, among which the favorable subjective conditions are: the ministers of the Guards are diligent at home, and the loyal ministers are selfless outside.
(13) The sentence that expresses the author's feelings for Liu and his son is: This minister is loyal to your majesty because he thanked the late emperor.
(14) The sentence describing the story of "three visits to the thatched cottage" goes like this: The first emperor did not treat his ministers with meanness, gave up on himself, and visited the thatched cottage, and discussed contemporary affairs with his ministers.
(15) What exactly does the "major event" in paragraph 7 mean? Answer with the words in the text.
"The Central Plains in the north, Shu Ren is dull and busy, and returns to the old capital after returning to Han."
(16) The model records that Zhuge Liang followed the first emperor. The reasons are as follows: the first emperor was not mean to ministers, but self-defeating; He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for the worldly affairs, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away.
(17) The reason why the author "regrets at night" is that he is afraid that the entrustment will be invalid, so as to hurt the knowledge of the late emperor.
(18) The conditions for "rewarding the three armies and setting the Central Plains in the north" are: the south is set and the armor is sufficient.
(19) The "legacy Zhao" in "Deep Pursuit of the First Emperor's Legacy Zhao" means: don't do small evils, don't do small goodness. Only virtue and virtue can serve others.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links:
(1) Related poems:
1. A teacher shows his real world, and a thousand years later, he is as good as others. (Lu You's book Anger)
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang")
3. Or as a model, ghosts and gods cry heroes. (Wen Tianxiang's Song Zhengqi)
4. The career has started for thousands of years, and there is far more than one wind music cover. (Wuhou Bookstore in Luyou)
5. Compare the past with the present, and look closely at midnight. (Lu You's Disease Book)
(2) The typical examples of Zhuge Liang's wisdom in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are:
Empty city plan, seven captures Meng Huo, grass boat borrows arrows, and words fight against Confucianism, eight letters, three in.
"Model": Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to unify the rewards and punishments for palace officials and government officials. The sentences are as follows: it is not appropriate to punish officials in the same way;
Zhuge Liang hoped that the late master would not belittle himself casually: it is inappropriate to belittle himself;
Zhuge Liang put forward strict suggestions on rewards and punishments to the late master: if there is a crime and he is honest and kind, he should be rewarded by a certain department to show his majesty's understanding; Selfishness is not desirable, so there is a difference between inside and outside.
There is a saying in Zhuge Liang's collected works: "Reward should not be uneven, and punishment should not be uneven." This is consistent with the two sentences in the "Teacher's Watch": "Generalize by partiality, so that internal and external laws are different".
The reason why Zhuge Liang followed the former emperor to drive Chi is described in Shi Shuo: the former emperor did not treat his ministers with meanness, bring disgrace to oneself; He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and consulted his ministers. Because he was grateful for what was happening in the world, he promised the first emperor to drive.
The sentences that show the author's interest are: In troubled times, he risked his life and refused to ask Wen Da to be a vassal;
Write down the reasons for the prosperity of the early Han dynasty and the collapse of the later Han dynasty: pro-sages, far villains; Pro-villain, far virtuous minister;
The sentences that point out the strategic goal of starting a career are as follows: the three armies were rewarded, China was originally scheduled to go north, the turbid waves were exhausted, the traitors were destroyed, and the Han Dynasty was revived, so the capital was returned;
The author puts forward three suggestions to the late Lord: ① holding a holy meeting; (2) In the palace, everything is one, and it is not appropriate to be the same; 3 pro-sages, far villains. (Or: Speak freely, be strict with rewards and punishments, and be close to sages. )
Zhuge Liang's most important piece of advice to Liu Chan is: be close to the saint and be a minister, but be far from the villain (or: be close to the saint and be far away). ;
When appointing a person to save the situation, people often quote a famous saying in this article: when accepting failure, they are ordered to be in danger;
The superior appointed Zheng Xing as the director to save the factory that was on the verge of closing down. People say that Zheng Xing was "in danger when he was defeated". (Fill in the famous sentences in the model)
The idiom in this article is: three visits to the cottage.
Self-test feedback exercise of the model
First, read in sections.
1-5 natural section
(1) Explain the added words:
1, middle road collapsed 2, Yizhou was powerless.
3. Perseverance 4. This sincere crisis is also forgotten.
5, loyal minister 6, chasing the special experience of the first emperor
7. Opening of the Temple 8. The first emperor ran out of money
9, the gentleman spirit 10, arrogant.
1 1, improper use of words 12, the way to give advice.
13, will it be punished?
14, 15, crime department, delivery department.
16 to show your majesty's understanding.
17, not favoritism 18, this is all good.
19, SiZhongQing 20, based on the first emperor.
2 1, Jane pulled away from your majesty 22, stupid idea
23. Learn from suggestions. 24. Fill in the blanks.
25, sexual behavior Shu army 26, Xiaochang army
27. Take pets as supervisors
28, will make the line array harmonious, both advantages and disadvantages.
29. Since then, the Han Dynasty has been so depressed.
30, sigh and hate in joy.
3 1, Liang Zhen Death Festival
(2) carpet reading:
1. Summarize the main contents of the article in concise language:
2. In paragraph 1, when analyzing the situation, the author first talks about unfavorable objective conditions; The favorable subjective condition is that this favorable subjective condition is formed by "".
3. How does Zhuge Liang analyze the current world situation? What is its purpose?
4. What advice did Zhuge Liang give, which one did Chen mainly mention and why?
5. As far as the monarch is concerned, which three aspects did Zhuge Liang suggest to the latter?
In the second paragraph, the author thinks that the person who should be punished is the person who should be rewarded.
7. Can paragraphs 3 and 4 be deleted? Why?
8. What is the main basis for the author to recommend virtuous ministers, civil servants and military commanders to his predecessors?
9. How did Zhuge Liang make Liu Chan realize the importance of "staying away from saints"?
10. Please write a comment for the fifth paragraph.
1 1. In paragraph 5, the words with similar meaning to "sage" are
12. The "pre-Han" in this paper refers to the "post-Han".
13. What do you mean by "internal and external differences" and "internal and external differences"?
14. Please list some antonyms in the text.
6-7 natural section
(1) Explain the words added in the article:
1. Nanyang plough. 2. Die in troubled times.
3. Don't ask Wenda. The first emperor didn't want to be a minister.
5. accusations will be self-defeating
6. I appreciate it. 7. I promised the first emperor to drive away.
8. Post-value flip 9. Secondly,
10. Send my special envoy and major events 1 1. Sigh at night.
12. It is wise to hurt the late emperor. 13. It is barren.
14. Desperate and dull. 15. Eliminate traitors and murderers quickly.
(2) carpet reading:
1. Summarize the main contents of the article in concise language:
2. Answer the questions in the original text:
A sentence (word) indicating the source of the author?
② What was the author's interest at that time?
③ What is the reason for "gratitude"?
(4) What does "meanness" in the text mean?
(5) Which sentence summarizes the sufferings and history of the late emperor?
What is the reason for the author's melancholy at night?
⑦ What is the reason for "crossing Lugu River in May, and going deep and barren"?
A sentence that indicates that the time is ripe for cutting Wei?
Pet-name ruby "start" strategic goal is (zhuge liang thinks his duty of "loyal to your majesty" is):
3. What stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms remind you of the past? (Write at least three)
4. What is the author's purpose in reviewing the past?
5. Why does the author tell his own story?
6. In the sixth paragraph, how did the author pave the way for the following passage by expressing his feelings?
7. From the sentence "The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, falsely accused himself, took care of his ministers with a thatched cottage, and consulted his ministers with contemporary affairs", we can see what kind of qualities Liu Bei had.
Please write Liu Bei's testamentary edict to his late master and talk about your own experience.
8-9 natural section
(1) Explain and add some words:
1. Consider profit and loss. 2. Slow responsibility, understanding, permission, etc.
3. May your Majesty personally believe it. In order to show his reproach.
5. Seek advice and be kind. 6. Be kind.
Step 7 cry to your face
(2) carpet reading:
1. "Chasing the Imperial Testament of the Former Dynasty" is in the same strain as the previous one.
2. At the end of the article, "I don't know what I said when I cried" reflects Zhuge Liang's infinite loyalty to Liu and his son, but what else did Zhuge Liang not say in this "cry"?
Second, read the full text.
1. This article commemorates Liu Chan's Northern Expedition. Why is there only one sentence in the seventh and eighth paragraphs about the Northern Expedition, and most of them are making suggestions? Is this "irrelevant"? Please tell me your opinion.
2. In this paper, I wrote to Liu Chan, but I only mentioned "Your Majesty" seven times, but I mentioned "the late emperor" thirteen times. Why?
3. Du Fu wrote in the poem "The Book of Scholars": "But before the conquest, he was already dead, which often made the hero cry". Please talk about why this article is so shocking with the article.
4. Abstract: This article is a memorial. The author expressed his views on Liu Chan before he made his debut, and put forward the idea of improving politics and reviving the Han Dynasty. It can be said that the analysis is thorough, the truth is complicated and the words are sincere. What are the characteristics of the full text?
Zhuge Liang's "example" has been respected by countless future generations. Please write a poem about "table".
The answer to the self-test feedback exercise of the list of famous teachers
First, read in sections:
1-5 natural section
(a) omitted.
(2) 1.
2. Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed, and now Yizhou is tired (objectively); I am tireless, including the guard minister, and my loyal subjects are left out (subjective); Gai Zhui's special experience with the late emperor, I want to report to your majesty.
3. Let's talk about unfavorable objective conditions first, and point out the situation of "critical survival" in Shu and Han dynasties, so as to arouse Liu Chan's ambition to make a fortune by "thinking about danger"; Besides, favorable subjective conditions and pointing out hope are particularly important, which is intended to promote Liu Chan's trip to make great efforts.
4. Open-minded, clear rewards and punishments, close and distant. One of the most important ones is: close to the sage, far from the sage. Because the other two are related to this. Liu Chan is fatuous and incompetent. If he can't get close to the sages, he will "sell himself short, quote the wrong words" and "be selfish and make the internal and external laws different"
Therefore, this is the foundation of the country's survival and the core of the three proposals.
5. Coaching, rule of law, employment.
6. People who "commit crimes" should be rewarded with "loyalty and goodness".
7. No, in order to put forward the suggestion that "those who kiss the sages stay away", Liu Chan knew the object of kissing the sages.
8. Loyalty, virtue and talent.
9. Compare the historical experience and lessons of the Han Dynasty from both positive and negative aspects, and remind us not to repeat the mistakes of Huan and Ling.
10. Reference: Zhuge Liang expounds the advantages and disadvantages of being close to the sages. Take the historical facts of "prosperity" and "decline" in the previous Han Dynasty as a lesson; He used to sigh and hate Huan and Ling as a warning to the emperor, urging the emperor of the later dynasty to stay away from sages and encouraging him to "wait for the prosperity of the Han Dynasty". Don't forget the past, be a teacher of the future, and succeed or fail simultaneously.
1 1. Minister of Zhen Liang's death sacrifice
12. Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty
13. It refers to "palace"; Outside means "in the imperial court"
14. No; Criminal reward; Plain and private; Prosperity, depression, etc
6-7 natural section
(a) Omit
(2) 1. Omit
2.① I am wearing a cloth and plowing in Nanyang; "Buyi"
(2) If you die in troubled times, don't ask Wenda to be a vassal.
(3) The first emperor was not unkind to ministers, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the cottage, and he consulted his ministers on contemporary affairs.
4 humble and vulgar; Specifically, it refers to "I am dressed in cloth, with one heart in Nanyang, desperate in troubled times, and don't ask Wen Da to be a vassal."
(5) After the value was overturned, he was ordered to be in danger when he was defeated, and he was here for twenty years.
⑥ I am afraid that the entrustment will not work, so as to hurt the knowledge of the first emperor.
⑦ Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment would not work and hurt the understanding of my late emperor.
Today, the south has been decided, and the armor is sufficient.
Pet-name ruby when the award rate of the three armed forces, north of the central plains, shu tired dull, busy in addition to rape, and still in the old capital;
3. Three visits to the thatched cottage, Xiangyang's illness and defeat, Baidicheng's trusteeship, crossing the Lushui River, and conquering Meng Huo in the south.
4. Recite the history that my first emperor and I started a business together, forgetting to worry about our country and not avoiding hard work. This not only expressed his loyalty and inspired Liu Chan, but also pleaded for the Northern Expedition. It shows that this is the entrustment of the late emperor and Zhuge Liang's determination and action to "serve the late emperor and be loyal to your majesty".
5. Explain that there is no intention of fame and fortune, thus highlighting the demeanor of the first emperor.
6. The author narrated his own story, highlighting the kindness of the first emperor's three considerations, and the Northern Expedition was launched precisely to complete the unfinished business of the first emperor and repay the kindness of the first emperor, which naturally led to the following suggestions for the Northern Expedition.
7. Open and tolerant, eager for talents, knowing people and being good at their duties.
Step 8 omit
8-9 natural section
(a) Omit
(2) 1. The Beggars' Special Encounter with the First Emperor.
2. Reference: Concerns about the domestic political situation and whether Liu Chan can adopt this proposal.
Second, read the full text.
1. Although this table is a plea for war, its main intention is to exhort Liu Chan to "engage in politics at home". In history, Liu Chan was fatuous in favoring eunuchs, and Zhuge Liang was meticulous in the failure of state affairs. This expedition, he is bound to worry about the national government, so he focuses on making suggestions and recommending talents. This is aimed at the situation in Shu, which is beneficial to the Northern Expedition.
Everything is subject to the meaning of the former emperor, and every sentence is spoken by the former emperor. Make the suggestion "straight but not arrogant", decent and sincere.
In this way, Liu Chan, the first emperor, was encouraged to dig deep into the testamentary edict of the previous dynasty and "leave the virtue of the previous dynasty with light" to complete the great cause of Liu Bei's reunification.
3. Write mainly from the perspective of loyalty.
4. The full text is mainly about discussion, and narrative and lyric are integrated into one, so that Liu Chan can be sensible and move with emotion to achieve the purpose of admonition. Focus on the discussion, thorough analysis and strong pertinence; Love lies in righteousness, reason and harmony, sincerity and rationality. Narrative, emotion, euphemistic and touching, sincere feelings. What he said about recommending talents, telling stories, and talking about experience all serve the discussion, which makes his suggestions and demands for Liu Chan more well-founded and convincing.
5. Omit.