Plum blossoms resist cold and snow, and jade bone ice muscles are narcissistic. They first open in the cold, and then bring out the fragrance of blooming flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms are highly praised and praised by poets.
"Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "Many flowers suddenly change first, and then all flowers are fragrant." The poet grasped the characteristics of plum blossom first, and wrote the quality of not being afraid of setbacks and taking the lead in hanging down, which is not only Yongmei, but also a compliment to himself.
Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei" wrote: "Everything is broken into mud and ground into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossoms are used to describe his devastated misfortune and noble sentiment of unwilling to go with the flow.
2. Orchids-elegant and fragrant, elegant posture-pursuing indifference-gentleman hermit
Orchids are fresh and not turbid, with pure fragrance, graceful flowers, well-proportioned posture, vigorous leaves, staggered changes and elegant charm. Because orchids are often described as elegant and fragrant in classical poetry, and because orchids are delicate and fragrant and graceful, orchids are often used to describe beautiful things. For example, orchids are like-minded people, orchids are a bright future, and the quality of orchids is like orchids.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Wei wrote "Orchid": "Mo Jing's spring is not good, and one fragrance is enough to overwhelm thousands of reds. Always ordered to pick up the sleeves of North Korea, not when the human brain is musk. " This poem describes the beauty of Chunlan. Orchids win with fragrance, which is many times higher than the "thousand reds" in spring.
3. Bamboo-straight nature, pure heart, bamboo green-honest and modest, loyal and noble-reclusive gentleman
A. The ancients associated the natural form of bamboo with people's moral pursuit. Bai Juyi's Bamboo Cultivation compares the characteristics of bamboo such as solidity, straightness, ethereal spirit and chastity to the moral cultivation of a gentleman.
Zhang Jiuling's poem "Ode to Lushi Bamboo in Hehuangmen" says: "People with lofty ideals attach great importance to each other, and the world knows it modestly." Praise the integrity and humility of bamboo.
B. Metaphysicists, hermits and poets like to talk about metaphysics and Taoism in a lush environment, and these pictures are increasingly entering their poems, such as
Chang Jian's "Zen after the Broken Mountain Temple": "Bamboo trails are secluded, flowers and trees are deep in meditation."
4. Chrysanthemum (yellow flower, Dongli)-blooming in autumn, with elegant color-Ling Bing ao cream, not afraid of dignitaries; Indifferent to fame and fortune, not seeking Wen Da-a man with lofty ideals and a benevolent mind.
A. Blooming in autumn-Ling Bing ao Shuang, not afraid of powerful people, sticking to the evening festival-people with lofty ideals.
Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drink Mulan Dew in the morning, and eat autumn chrysanthemums at dusk to show autumn in England." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuanzhen's "Chrysanthemum": "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, slanting around the fence. It is not that flowers prefer chrysanthemums, but that this bloom is more barren. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Poems such as Looking at the Sediment in the Past (Song Fan Chengda's Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang) all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
B. Elegant color-indifferent to fame and fortune, not seeking Wen Da-hermit.
Poetry Example: We open your window, overlook the gardens and fields, hold wine glasses and talk about Sang Ma. I'll come back in chrysanthemum season after Shan Ye holiday. -Meng Haoran, "Passing the Old Village".
Grass-flowing with the sequence of events-touching sadness and yearning-shows the feeling of parting and traveling.
Chu Ci, the hermit of Huainan Mountain invited: "Wang Sun swims without returning, and the spring grass grows endlessly".
6. Falling flowers-falling flowers return to spring-hurting spring and mourning autumn, youth is fleeting.
Du Fu's "On Meeting Li Guinian Downstream" is "Beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, meeting you when the flowers fall", which was written in a bumpy and sad state of mind.
7. Flowers like flowers (catkins)-erratic-parting from sorrow-wandering about missing women and leaving friends
Su Shi's Water Dragon Hidden "Look closely at the willow flowers, a little bit is tears."
8. Willow (willow, poplar)-"willow", "stay" also, willow branches lingering, parting from sorrow-giving people away; Willow is planted in front of the eaves and behind the houses, often as a symbol of hometown.
The phrase "I was gone in the past, and the willow was reluctant to part"-the book of songs expressed its affection for the willow for the first time and also hurt others.
B "Climbing the stairs, Wan Li is worried, and Liu sees Tingzhou." Expressed Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.
9. Pine and cypress-withered after cold, tall and straight-upright, honest-noble.
Li Bai praised the physical properties of pine trees many times, such as "pine and cypress are solitary and straight, but peaches and plums are difficult to make."
10. Platanus acerifolia-The first fall in autumn-Feeling sad for autumn-Loneliness and depression
Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, after the autumn rain, leaves fall back to their roots, rendering the loneliness and sadness of Tang's "porcelain on the tile is thick with frost, jade is cold"