Water Cycle English Composition Shanghai Edition

Explanatory reading training 1. Read the following paragraphs and complete 1-4. (1) the spacecraft is generally a multi-module structure, and each module should be separated, which requires extremely high reliability and safety. Shenzhou manned spacecraft is a three-cabin composite structure. The foremost module is called orbital module, which has all the functions of running satellites independently. After being separated from the spacecraft, it can carry out various flight tests independently in space. The propulsion module at the end is also called the equipment module (or resource module). After completing the established mission, it will re-enter the atmosphere and destroy itself. After completing the mission, the central return capsule carried the astronauts safely back to the scheduled landing site. From launch to return to the ground, shenzhou spaceship will be successfully separated for 9 times. (2) Compared with the Soyuz TM spacecraft being used in Russia, Shenzhou is bigger and heavier, with more space for astronauts and stronger ability to carry payloads. Shenzhou has also adopted some advanced technologies, and its design scheme is superior to the second-generation manned spacecraft abroad in some aspects. After the successful manned launch of Shenzhou, its technical level will reach or surpass the second-generation manned spacecraft of the former Soviet Union. 1.① Can the word "general" added in the first sentence be removed? Why? (2 points) 2. The point of this passage is: (2 points) 3. The cabin of "Shenzhou" manned spacecraft is cabin, cabin and cabin from beginning to end. (3 points) 4. The main interpretation method used in the second paragraph is. (1) 2. Read the expository article "Water Crisis" and answer questions 5-7. (10) Water is a valuable natural resource, and it is also one of the substances on which all living things on earth depend. The total water volume of the earth is about 1, 4 1 100 million cubic kilometers, but only 3% of the water is fresh water, and 87% of the water is enclosed in glaciers, atmosphere and strata. Since the 20th century, the global population has tripled, the economy has increased by 20 times, and the water consumption has increased by 10 times. At the same time, due to the rapid increase of production and domestic wastewater, and directly discharged into the water body without treatment, the global water shortage crisis has been aggravated. 1997, UNESCO defined water resources as "water resources that can be used or may be used, that is, they should be used to meet the needs of production and life", while "China Natural Resources" defined water resources as "surface and underground runoff that can be directly used for human production and life, and renewable water bodies left on land during the water cycle". China's total water resources is about 2.8 trillion cubic meters, but its per capita share is only 12 1, which is 1/4 of the world's per capita share. In addition, the spatial distribution of water resources in China is very uneven, with more in the south and less in the north. Paying attention to economic development and neglecting environmental protection has led to serious water pollution in many areas. Therefore, the problem of water resources has also become a major issue of social and economic development in China. Please briefly list some reasons for the global water crisis. (3 points) Answer: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points) Answer: () Similarities: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (5 points) Answer: (1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. There are endless lists of information platforms, trading platforms, technology platforms and government platforms. It seems that there is a feeling of "like a strong wind in spring, blowing at night and blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". The word "platform" is not a new word, it has existed since ancient times. Tang Li Bai's poem "Song of Liangyuan" reads: "The water is vast and tired, so you can travel far and visit the ancient platform." The second poem of Du Fu's "View of Jade Terrace": "The great disaster was created by the monarch, and Taiwan visited the ancient tour." The "platform" here refers to the open-air terrace for rest and overlooking. This usage also exists today, for example, "the reporter saw on the spot that after the restoration, the Suzhou River hydrophilic platform in the shade was elegant again." But this is not the popular "platform" to be explained in this article. What does the popular new platform mean? After the reform and opening up, computers flooded into China. In the 1990s, it became more and more closely related to people's work and life, and even entered the homes of ordinary people. Many computer technical terms also frequently appear in people's daily language, such as "menu", "Internet" and "click". "Platform" was originally a technical term in computers. There is a word "sysLemplado & gt guanidine", which is interpreted as "system platform" and refers to the basic support provided by the system for application software. Such a "platform" can be found in many computer science books. It can be seen that "platform" translated from English "ph2onn" means computer operating system. Due to the popularity and extensive use of computers, ordinary "platform" has become a popular "new word", a fashionable vocabulary related to high-tech information technology. This "platform" is the most widely used in the computer industry, such as: "To build this digital colorful life platform, we need a powerful medium to realize the access mode of high-tech life, that is, the network access and support platform." Nowadays, the application scope of "platform" is wider and wider, extending to many industries outside the computer industry. At the same time, its meaning has also expanded from "computer operating system" to "all virtual systems or layers that support a certain job". In the logistics industry, "Shanghai builds an international logistics transportation platform"; In the field of science and technology, "Siemens uses Javs technology platform to develop various wireless services for mobile phone users"; In the field of culture and art, "Shanghai and Paris will build a two-way satellite transmission concert exchange platform" and "Sunshine Sina will acquire * * * to build the largest cross-media platform in China"; In the business community, "* * * to build an intelligent platform for enterprise e-commerce"; In the field of health and education, "Chinese medicine at home and abroad is a platform" and "provides a platform for children". The popularity of computers has promoted the popularity of "platforms" in many fields. Because of its simplicity and image, it has gradually become a new hot spot in written language. 8. Read the full text quickly and write the original meaning of the word "platform" and its different meanings in computer industry and other industries. (3 points) Original meaning: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Computer industry: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10. The poem "Like the spring breeze, the petals of ten thousand pear trees blow open at night" comes from "Bai Xuege Farewell to the Field-Clerk Wu Comes Home", and its original meaning is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (4 points) 65438+. (2 points) 12. Please write two computer terms besides "menu", "Internet", "click" and "platform" mentioned in the article. (2 points) 4. Read the explanatory article "Overview of AIDS" and answer the question 13- 17. The full name of AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a disease of human immune defense system caused by retrovirus. When the human body is in a normal state, the immune system in the body plays a good "defense" role against the attacks of various pathogens. Once infected by HIV, this good defense system of human body will be destroyed and its defense function will decline, so pathogens and microorganisms can take the opportunity to take blood and broken wounds directly. In other words, AIDS patients are mainly characterized by severe damage to the immune system, decreased physical resistance, and even induced serious infections and some rare cancers. Once HIV invades the human body, it will destroy T4 lymphocytes, making the human body lose its disease resistance, and patients are prone to various rare diseases. Such as Kaposi sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ① AIDS entered China from 65438 to 0985, and nearly 10,000 people were HIV carriers. ② From June 65438 to June 0985, a young Argentine male tourist from Shanghai was hospitalized for AIDS, but the treatment was ineffective. This is the first case of AIDS in China. According to the speculation of relevant departments, the development trend of AIDS in the next few years is: the developed countries show a downward trend, while the developing countries show a sharp upward trend. AIDS originated in Africa and was brought to America by immigrants. 1982, the disease was officially named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. AIDS, known as "contemporary plague" and "super cancer", has attracted great attention from the World Health Organization (WHO) and governments around the world. No matter the investment in personnel and funds, it has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and it is one of the infectious diseases monitored by the state health. It takes several years for HIV to enter the human body, even as long as 10 years or longer before it becomes ill. Aids virus seriously damages human immune function, and patients are repeatedly infected with many diseases due to the extreme decline of disease resistance, such as herpes zoster, oral mold infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis and other special pathogenic microorganisms, and malignant tumors often occur in the later stage. Eventually died of long-term consumption and general failure. So far, there is no specific medicine to treat AIDS, and there is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS. Once the disease occurs, it will die in a short time under the current medical conditions in China. Therefore, at present, AIDS is still a very serious infectious disease, and the incidence rate is close to 100%. 13. The five sentences in the second paragraph of the article are out of order and should be adjusted to. (serial number, 2 points) 14. This article focuses on three aspects of AIDS knowledge. What are they? (3 points) A: First, second and third. 15. In the immune system, the decisive factor is. (1) 16. Which of the following is not the reason why AIDS is called "contemporary plague" and "super cancer": () (2) A. The mortality rate is high. There is no cure. C. spread quickly. D. highly contagious. 17. As an explanatory text, the order of explanation used in this paper is; The interpretation method used in the first sentence of the first paragraph is. V. "Night shift" work in the human body Have you ever thought that when you fall asleep at night, there are still a lot of organs in your own body "working at night"? "My heart is on the night shift." You will definitely answer without thinking. That's true. According to records, the world record of cardiac arrest and resuscitation is 3 hours and 24 minutes, but in a sleepy environment, the heart may not stop beating for one minute. But the heart doesn't work all the time and needs time to rest. It works when you contract and rests when you relax. When the heart beats 75 times per minute, the contraction time of atrium and ventricle is zero. L seconds and 0.3 seconds, while the relaxation time is 0.7 seconds and 0.5 seconds respectively, and the rest time is longer than the working time. "The lungs also work at night." That's true. When people sleep at night, the fire of life is still burning. The lung is like a blower, constantly sucking oxygen-enriched air into the body to "support combustion" and discharging waste gas rich in carbon dioxide. Scientists believe that when this blower stops working for 5 minutes, people will "die". Of course, the lungs should also rest. Its 750 million grass-roots units, alveoli, adopt a rotation system, and only some alveoli are working every time they breathe. Speaking of "night shift", don't forget the digestive system. According to the experiment, corn stays in the stomach for 3.48 hours, in the small intestine for 5 hours, in the colon for 16.24 hours, and then starts to be discharged from the rectum of the "Environmental Sanitation Department" after 210.2 hours, and then after 38.4 hours. According to this calculation, when people sleep at night, the "night shift workers" in the digestive system are still processing a series of food from yesterday's breakfast to today's dinner. It is probably not clear to people that many endocrine glands that regulate human functions also stick to the "night shift" position. Practice has proved that about 1/3 to half of hormones reach the highest value at night. For example, the pituitary gland secretes a growth hormone, which can promote the synthesis of protein, accelerate the growth of cartilage and bones, and make people grow taller. This hormone, which is extremely important for development, reaches its peak five hours after people fall asleep. As for the nervous system, the "headquarters" of human activities is of course "brightly lit" at night. For example, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system at night shift are directing visceral activities, and the thalamus is regulating body temperature, water balance and endocrine. The norepinephrine produced by the sleep center in the brain wakes people up in the morning, otherwise people will not be able to sleep. Even the brain responsible for thinking has a "night shift"-dreaming. Thanks to these "night workers", they make our life go on smoothly. 1. Explain the meaning of the following words in the context. (1) the heart is on the night shift; ② The fire of life is still burning; ③ The alveoli take turns to rest; (4) of course, it is brightly lit at night; 2. Mark the restrictive words used accurately in the following sentences. When I fall asleep at night, I still have a lot of organs in my body "working the night shift". ② Only part of alveoli are working in each breath. (3) According to the experiment, corn is digested in the small intestine for 3.48 hours and absorbed for 5 hours ... (4) This hormone, which is extremely important for development, reaches the maximum secretion peak at 1 hour after people fall asleep. In the second paragraph, there is a sentence that points out the reason why the heart can keep working. This sentence is: 4. The third paragraph points out that the fire of human life can "burn" because. 5. Write the general sentences of the full text: 6. Point out the structural characteristics of the full text: 7. Point out how the content of the full text is arranged: 6. Protecting Animals (1) Animals are friends of human beings, and it is our responsibility to protect animals. (2) As far as the aesthetic value of animals is concerned, many animals have beautiful shapes, such as the heroic posture of lions, tigers and leopards, the demure and graceful posture of swans, and the graceful and natural posture of red-crowned cranes. (3) Many animals are brightly colored, such as the shiny fur of golden monkeys and the gorgeous feathers of male peacocks and mandarin ducks. (4) Many animals have peculiar body structures, such as elephant's nose, giraffe's neck, rhinoceros horn and kangaroo's "bag". (5) Many animals have beautiful voices, such as the roar of tigers and apes, the roar of lions, the roar of Luming Literature, and all kinds of songbirds sing freely. (6) Many animals have special living habits. For example, hummingmonkeys doesn't like to move, while seals are constantly shuttling in the shallow bottom. (7) All these attract people to watch and listen, which is pleasing to the eye and thought-provoking. (8) The scientific value of animals cannot be ignored. (9) Many animals can still live in a corner of the earth after tens of millions of years, and they retain many original features. For example, kangaroos and platypus in Australia, giant pandas and alligators in China are called "living fossils", which directly or indirectly provide us with historical facts of ancient and modern climate, geology, geographical changes and human activities. They are not only the evidence of biological evolution, but also the gene pool of precious species resources. The body structure of some animals produces some superior functions, which can be used for reference and imitated by modern science and technology; Some animals are wonderful experimental animals and have made valuable contributions to the development of medicine and biology. Recently, scientists are still studying transplanting organs from pigs or other animals into patients, so as not to worry about the shortage of materials for organ transplantation. (10) The most important thing is that the balance of today's natural ecosystem is formed through hundreds of millions of years of evolution. All kinds of animals (including other creatures) occupy a certain position in nature, influencing and restricting each other. For example, without cats, snakes, weasels and owls, mice will be rampant; If jackals, wolves and leopards are less, wild ungulates will increase and many trees will suffer; If there are fewer insect-eating birds, pests will develop rapidly, destroying trees and devouring crops. What a good start! 1. Put the sentence (3) and the rewritten sentence together and try to compare them. Which expression can better explain your reasons? (3 points) Original sentence: Many animals are brightly colored, such as the shiny fur of golden monkeys and the gorgeous feathers of male peacocks and mandarin ducks. In other words: Many animals are brightly colored, such as golden monkeys with shiny fur, and male peacocks and mandarin ducks with gorgeous feathers. 2. The interpretation method used in underlined sentences is: as far as the full text is concerned, the interpretation method is the main method. (2 points) 3. On the specific meaning of 10 paragraph "pulling one hair and moving the whole body" (2 points and 4 points, contact the full text and talk about what human beings will get at least from protecting animals. (3 points) 7. Be careful, the correction fluid will hurt you. (1) at present, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. According to the survey, the proportion of primary and secondary school students in large and medium-sized cities is about 80%, while the proportion of primary school students is as high as 95%. It is really convenient to use it to quickly correct mistakes when writing. However, do you realize that its pungent smell is harmful to human body? In order to find out the chemical composition of the correction fluid, three middle school students in Beijing, with the help of a chemistry professor, determined the composition of the correction fluid twice and found that the correction fluid contained dichloromethane, trichloroethane and p-xylene. According to experts, they are very volatile and free in the air. Once inhaled, it will cause chronic poisoning, change the blood composition, affect the nervous system, make people have a headache and nausea, and excessive inhalation will be life-threatening. ③ In order to verify the harm degree of correction fluid, three middle school students found six mice and divided them into three groups to do comparative simulation experiments. They put cotton soaked in different amounts of dichloromethane, trichloroethane and p-xylene on the edge of the cages of two groups of mice. In the high-dose reagent group, the mice appeared panic and convulsion only after five minutes; The low-dose group was tested for 5-8 minutes every day and compared with the rest group. During these five days, the mice in the experimental group became more and more nervous, ate less and less, moved slowly and lost weight, which was in obvious contrast with the mice in the control group. A After stopping the experiment 15 days, the chronic poisoning phenomenon gradually disappeared and everything returned to normal. (4) Recently, China Consumers Association has tested 79 brands of correction fluids on the market. The test results show that all the samples of B contain a variety of toxic substances to varying degrees, and give off a pungent smell. Experiments have proved that this substance is harmful to human health if inhaled or stuck to the skin, and it will also destroy the ozone layer after entering the atmosphere. Because the correction fluid must be soluble, easy to dry and volatile, halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene series as solvents of correction fluid will be used until a suitable substitute is found, although they are harmful to health. Therefore, the composition of correction fluid in the domestic market will not change greatly in a short time. In view of this situation, it is necessary for us to strengthen self-protection and guard against chronic poisoning, and it is best not to use correction fluid. 1. Write a sentence for the space in paragraph (1), which is consistent with the following meaning. (2 points) 2. In paragraph (4), "suitable substitute" refers to the substance that replaces _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2 points) 3. What are the two main methods of interpretation used in paragraph (3)? (4 points) Mode of explanation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Description: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Orbit, return and propulsion 3. Key point: The function of the third cabin in shenzhou spaceship. Answer "The function of the third cabin in shenzhou spaceship" is also acceptable. For comparison, 5.3 points (1) shows that the proportion of available fresh water resources to the total water volume is too small; (2) Population and economic growth lead to a sharp increase in water consumption; (3) Direct discharge of wastewater causes water pollution. (You can get 1 point for each point written, and 3 points for three points written. ) 6.2 points (1) emphasize its usability (it can be used in production and life). (1) (2) Resources include the generation and existing forms of water resources, excluding seawater. (1) 7.5 (1)① The total amount is large and the per capita possession is low; ② The spatial distribution of water resources is uneven (more in the south and less in the north); ③ The water pollution is serious. (This little question has 3 points, and each answer gets 1 point. (2) Only by establishing the consciousness of water crisis, protecting water sources and saving water can we ensure the steady development of social economy. (2 points for this small question. If you can write one point, it will be 1, and if you write two points, it will be 2 points. ) 8. An open-air pavilion for rest, overlooking, etc. Computer operating system. All virtual systems or virtual layers that support jobs. Take 10 as an example to define the time. Write winter scenery with spring scenery and describe the image of millions of trees hanging like pears. The word "platform" is popular and widely used in many fields 1 1. Concise and vivid, the popularity of computers (or L \, the popularity and widespread use of computers). Lymphocyte T4 .10000.000000000005 16.d. 17. Logical order; Definition 5. Night shift work in human body 1. ① At night, the heart is still working; ② Life is still going on; ③ Only some alveoli are working every breath; ④ The nervous system is still working nervously when people sleep; 2. ① A large number of parts ③ According to the experiment ④ Extremely important maximum calendar ③ Heart rest time is longer than working time ④ The lungs are like blowers, constantly sucking oxygen-enriched air into the body to "support combustion". Exhaust gas rich in carbon dioxide. 5. The first sentence of the paper. 6. The full text is a general structure. 7. Circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, regulatory system and nervous system. 6. Protect animals. 1. Let's change the sentence. (1) The first half of the original sentence emphasizes the "color" of animals, while the second half emphasizes "fur" and "feather coat", which is inconsistent; Sentence changes highlight "sparkling" and "gorgeous", which can closely follow the ideographic focus of "colorful" and make it consistent. (2 points) 2. Example classification 3. In nature, as long as one aspect goes wrong, it will spread and affect the whole ecosystem. 4. You can appreciate the beauty of animals; (1) can make use of the scientific value of animals; (1) is conducive to maintaining ecological balance. ( 1)