A brief analysis of this poem was written in the year after the poet returned from exile in Yelang, and came to Jiangxi from Hankou. The poem not only describes the beauty and majesty of Lushan Mountain, but also mainly expresses the poet's wild and unruly character. At that time, the poet had experienced many hardships and was still unwilling to bow to the reality that tortured him. His desire to seek immortality and learn Taoism became even more urgent.
After Li Bai was pardoned on his way to exile in Yelang, he composed this poem in the first year of Shangyuan (760) while traveling from Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei) to Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) in Mount Lu. Lu Xuzhou, courtesy name Youzhen, was born in Fanyang (now Daxing County, Beijing). He was the imperial censor in the palace at the time of Emperor Suzong. According to legend, he "had a reputation for integrity" (see Wang Qi's annotation of Li Hua's "Three Sages" of the Qing Dynasty). He once traveled to Lushan Mountain with Li Bai.
"I am a madman of Chu, and the song of phoenix laughs at Confucius." Confucius once went to the state of Chu to lobby the king of Chu. Jieyu sang beside his car: "Feng Xi Feng Xi, how can one's virtue decline? Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued! That's it! That's it! Those who are in politics today are in danger!" ("The Analects of Confucius·Weizi" 》) ridiculed Confucius for being obsessed with being an official. Li Bai compared himself to Chu Kuang, expressing his disappointment in his political future, and hinted that he would travel to famous mountains and live in seclusion like Chu Kuang did. "Feng Ge" is a classic poem with precise wording, profound content and a sense of life experience. Then the poet wrote that he left Wuchang and went to Lushan Mountain: "Holding a green jade staff, he said goodbye to the Yellow Crane Tower. He never strayed far to find immortals in the Five Mountains, and he enjoyed traveling to famous mountains all his life." The poet described his itinerary in a color full of myths and legends: holding the cane inlaid with green jade used by immortals, he left the Yellow Crane Tower in the morning light. Why come to Lushan? It's because "it's good to travel to famous mountains." The last two lines of the poem can be said to be an image portrayal of Li Bai's life's travels, and at the same time, they also reveal the poet's reclusive heart of seeking immortals and Taoism.
The above is the first paragraph, which can be described as a prelude. Then moving to the second paragraph, the poet uses thick ink and heavy colors to describe the majestic scenery of Mount Lushan and the Yangtze River from the front. First, write a bird's-eye view of the mountain scenery: "Mountain Lu shows out next to Nandou, the screen is covered with nine folds of clouds, and the shadow falls on the clear lake with green and dark light." The ancients believed that the stars in the sky designate the territory on the earth, and the Lushan area is the dividing line of Nandou. The nine-fold screen refers to the nine-fold cloud screen in the northeast of Wulaofeng in Lushan Mountain. The three sentences mean: Lushan Mountain is beautiful and tall, towering into the clouds; the trees are green, the mountain flowers are gorgeous, and the nine-fold cloud screen unfolds like a beautiful cloud; the lakes and mountains reflect each other, making it extraordinarily bright and beautiful. The above is a rough drawing, describing the majesty and magnificence of Lushan Mountain; below, there is a detailed description: "There are two long peaks in front of the Golden Tower, and three stone beams hanging upside down from the Milky Way. The Xianglu Waterfall looks across from each other in the distance, and the back cliffs are towering." Jinque. , three stone beams, incense burners, and waterfalls are all the best scenery in Lushan Mountain. These four sentences are described from the perspective of looking up: Two peaks stand in front of Jinque Rock, and the Sanshiliang Waterfall is like the Milky Way hanging upside down, cascading down. It is far away from the Xianglufeng Waterfall, surrounded by steep cliffs and overlapping peaks, reaching up to the sky. Then, the pen posture suddenly stopped again, taking a panoramic view: "The green shadows and red clouds reflect the morning sun, and the birds can't fly to Wu Tianchang." As the sun rises, the red clouds in the sky complement the green mountains; the mountains are high, and even the birds can't fly. It can't fly either; standing on the top of the peak and looking eastward at Wu Tian, ??it's really endless. The poet's pen is intricately changed, circuitous and unique, and he writes layer by layer to describe the magnificence and beauty of the mountain vividly and fascinatingly.
Then, the poet climbed up and looked into the distance, and painted the majestic momentum of the Yangtze River with a brush as big as a rafter: "Climbing high and spectacular, between heaven and earth, the vast river will never return. The yellow clouds are thousands of miles away, and the wind is blowing, and the white waves are flowing over the snow-capped mountains." Jiudao, in ancient times, it was said that the Yangtze River was divided into nine tributaries when it reached Xunyang. Snow mountain refers to the turbulent white waves, stacked like mountains. These sentences mean: Climbing to the peak of Mount Lushan, looking around, you can see the mighty Yangtze River, flowing straight into the East China Sea, never to return; thousands of miles of yellow clouds floating, the sky changing rapidly; the vast nine factions, white waves rushing, the waves are as high as Snowy mountains. The poet is full of heroic sentiments and writes freely. He writes about the scenery of the Yangtze River in a lofty and magnificent way. How majestic and magnificent! The beauty of nature inspired the great poet's infinite poetic sentiment: "It's good to sing songs about Mount Lu, and prosperity stems from Mount Lu. Peering into the stone mirror clears my heart, and I thank you for the green moss outside." Stone Mirror, legend has it that there is a round stone hanging on the east side of Mount Lu. The clarity can illuminate the human form. Xie Gong, Xie Lingyun of the Southern Song Dynasty, tasted entering the mouth of Pengli Lake and climbed Mount Lu. He wrote a poem about "climbing the cliff and looking in the stone mirror" ("Xie Kangle Collection. Entering the Mouth of Pengli Lake"). After the setback of the Yongwanglin incident, Li Bai returned to Mount Lu and couldn't help but be filled with emotion. The meaning of these four sentences is: I love to compose Lushan ballads, and the poetry is inspired by Lushan. Looking at the stone mirror calmly and contentedly, my mood felt refreshed. The place where Xie Lingyun walked was now covered with moss. Life is unpredictable, and great events are hard to come by again. Li Bai couldn't help but have the idea of ????seeking immortals and visiting Taoism, hoping to transcend reality in order to resolve his inner conflicts.
"If you take Huan Dan early, you will have no worldly feelings, and the three folds of Qin Xin will be completed." Huan Dan is an elixir that Taoists say can "rise to heaven in the daytime" after taking it. The three folds of the Qinxin indicate that the Taoist practice is very deep and reaches the state of joy of heart and spirit. These two sentences show that the poet imagines that one day he will be able to take the elixir and practice to become an immortal, so as to get rid of worldly feelings and enter the illusory world of gods: "I saw the immortal in the colorful clouds in the distance, holding the hibiscus towards Yujing." Yujing, Taoism calls it the residence of Yuanshi Tianzun. The poet seemed to see gods in colorful clouds from a distance, flying to Yujing with lotus in hand. How the poet yearns for such a free world: "I have sweated all over Jiugai in advance, and I would like to take Lu Ao to travel to Taiqing." "Huainanzi." "Dao Yingxun" records that Lu Ao was traveling in Beihai and met a strange immortal. He wanted to be friends with him and traveled with him. The strange immortal smiled and said: "I and Khan will spend a long time outside Jiugai. I can't stay for a long time." "So." "Into the clouds." Hanman means unknowable, here it is a metaphor for God. Jiu Gai, Jiu Tian.
Too clear, the highest sky. Li Bai used his own meaning in this poem, comparing himself with strange immortals. Lu Ao pointed to Lu Xuzhou and invited Lu to visit the immortals.