Mount Heng, also known as "Taiheng Mountain", also known as "Yuanyue" and "Ziyue", was renamed "Changshan" in the Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Shun visited the north more than 4,000 years ago and saw the towering peaks of Hengshan Mountain, so he named it Beiyue. Together with Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Nanyue Hengshan, and Zhongyue Songshan, it is also known as the Five Mountains and is equally famous in the world.
Hengshan Mountain crosses Hebei in the east, borders the Three Jin Dynasties in the south, Yanmen in the west, and Yanyun in the north. Peak 108 stretches for hundreds of miles, rising and falling across the fortress. The main peak is located 4 kilometers south of Hunyuan County, with an altitude of 2,017 meters. It has overlapping peaks and is majestic. It is known as the "North Pillar of Man and Heaven" and "the most famous mountain in the world". It has been famous all over the world since ancient times and has always been a famous tourist attraction in northern my country. Many emperors of the past dynasties have come here to offer sacrifices. In the 20th year of the First Emperor of Qin (226 BC), Qin Shihuang traveled eastward on the sea and passed by Mount Heng to view its scenery; in the third year of Taichu in the Western Han Dynasty (102 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty traveled east to Mount Tai and then went to Mount Chang (i.e. Mount Heng) to offer sacrifices and bury jade; Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty offered sacrifices and buried jade Hengshan personally wrote the four characters "Hua Chui Long", and the wooden plaque is still hanging in the main hall of Hengshan Temple.
Tianfengling to the east of the main peak and Cuiping Peak to the west are two peaks facing each other, competing for height and steepness, and flowing streams. The blue sky forms a natural natural portal and serves as a choke point for north-south traffic. Ancient poets once wrote a poem: "There are five mountains in the sky and earth, with Mount Heng in the north. There are thousands of mountains and rocks, and the ghosts and monsters are so vast and unpredictable." Xu Xiake, a geographer and great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his diary of his visit to Mount Hengshan: "The two sides of Yique and the nine bends of Wuyi are incomparable." This shows the steepness and majesty of Beiyue Mount Hengshan. As the saying goes: "Famous mountains are dominated by monks." However, Hengshan Mountain in the North Mountains has been a battleground for military strategists of all ages due to its special geographical location with numerous passes and dangerous peaks. Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty once sent tens of thousands of troops to cut a road on the cliffs of Hengshan Mountain as a gateway for advancing and retreating from the Central Plains; in the Song Dynasty, the Yang family generals guarded Yanmen Pass and stationed troops at Hengshan Mountain to guard it, making it an important place to resist the Liao Dynasty. There are still stories about Mu Guiying's battle with Hongzhou. story. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Eighth Route Army generals Wang Zhen and Yang Chengwu led their troops to Hengshan to open up anti-Japanese base areas and made significant contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Mount Hengshan is steep and majestic, with beautiful scenery and a collection of numerous cultural relics and historic sites from past dynasties. Temples were first built on the main peak of Hengshan Mountain in the early Western Han Dynasty, and in the first year of Taiyan of the Northern Wei Dynasty (435), the Heng Temple was built. It was later destroyed and renovated many times in the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. . There are 36 temples, pavilions and 82 temples on the mountain, so it is said that there are "three temples, four ancestral halls, seven palaces, eight caves, nine pavilions and twelve temples". Many palaces, pavilions and towers are built with cliffs and valleys behind them. The Hengzong Hall overlooking the south sky is cleverly built with a towering cliff; the Beiyue Palace, which is hidden in the secluded place, is embedded in the grotto; the Kuixing Pavilion, which echoes the Beidou, stands on an independent and dangerous peak. ; The Sanqing Palace, facing the abyss, is cleverly built on a cliff. Among the various sceneries, some are charming because of the beauty of the landscape, some are intoxicating because of the seclusion of the caves, some are emotional because of the beauty of legends, and some are amazing because of the danger of construction. All of them are famous for the eighteen scenic spots in Mount Hengshan.
The origin of Mount Heng
According to "Shangshu" records, the name "Beiyue" preceded the name of "Mount Heng". Emperor Shun visited all directions, reaching "Daizong" in the east and "Daizong" in the south. "Nandai" extends to "Xidai" in the west and "Beiyue" in the north. At that time, there were only four of the five famous mountains in the world, and the four mountains represented the four directions. "Yue" means a tall mountain. The mountains in the north are collectively called "Beiyue" because of their high terrain and higher mountains. The name Hengshan as Beiyue was first seen in "Li of Zhou" and "Erya". In "Zhou Li·Da Zongbo", there is a ritual of "sacrifice the country with blood and worship the five mountains". This is the first time that the concept of the five mountains appears. In "Erya·Shishan", for the first time, the "Five Mountains" mentioned in "Zhou Li·Dazongbo" were completely explained: "Taishan is the Dongyue, Huashan is the Xiyue, Hengshan is the Nanyue, and Hengshan is the Beiyue. Songshan Mountain is the central mountain." After that, Dayu ascended Hengzong to obtain spiritual treasures; King Cheng of Zhou visited the mountains and visited the princes; Emperor Qinshihuang visited the scenery along the way; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to offer sacrifices; Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty climbed Beiyue five times; Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty offered sacrifices to Hengshan twice. God; Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty wrote an article praising him, and Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty paid homage to him. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, almost all emperors sent ministers to Hengshan to offer sacrifices.
Hengshan climate
The Hengshan zone has a mid-temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons. The spring is dry and windy, the summer has heavy rainfall, the autumn is cool, and the winter is cold, snowless and long. The temperature varies greatly between days and years. The ancient poem "People in the wilds outside Yanmen Pass wear fur coats in the morning and gauze in the afternoon" vividly reflects the large changes in temperature within a day. The highest temperature in spring is 14.8°C and the lowest is -0.8°C; the highest temperature in summer is 24.9°C and the lowest is 11.5°C; the highest temperature in autumn is 8.5°C and the lowest is 2°C; the highest temperature in winter is -1.5°C and the lowest is -17.5°C . The annual extreme minimum temperature is -37.3℃ and the extreme maximum temperature is 35.9℃.
Hengshan Religion
Beiyue culture not only has a profound political imprint left by successive dynasties, but also has a distinct religious color. Like the other four mountains, Mount Hengshan is one of the earliest Taoist holy places in my country and the "fifth cave" of the Taoist "Thirty-Six Small Cave Heavens". Taoist activities began as early as the Han Dynasty. Buddhist activities in Hengshan may also have originated in the Han Dynasty, no later than the Northern Wei Dynasty. Taoism and Buddhism in Hengshan both occupy an important position in the religious history of our country. Mount Hengshan became a sacred mountain respected throughout the country long before the introduction of Taoism and Buddhism. It was later named a god by Taoists and regarded as an emperor by several dynasties of the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties.
The God of Beiyue Hengshan has been revered for thousands of years and has an ever-lasting incense. In the development of Hengshan religion, the God of Beiyue Hengshan has always been the only one. Not only Buddhists and Taoists respected it, but also Confucian people. At that time, all ordinary people believed in it and it had a large number of believers. . The complementarity and integration of the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are the same characteristics of the Wuyue religion and many famous religious mountains. This is also a trend formed in the development process of Chinese religions. However, this religious integration is mostly reflected in doctrine, that is, religious theory. superior. In Hengshan, it is directly reflected in the temple setting and the worship of the leader. The specific embodiment is that the famous Hanging Temple has a three-religion hall that combines Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. There are many temples and halls similar to the Three Religious Halls of Xuankong Temple in the Hengshan area.
Hengshan Scenic Area
In a narrow sense, Hengshan only refers to a section of the mountain 4 kilometers south of Hunyuan County. The main peak of Hengshan Mountain is located in the heart of Hunyuan County. "Heng Yue Zhi" recorded by Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty records: "Hengshan: It enters Ci Gorge ten miles from the south of the state, then five miles to the gate of Yuemiao Mountain, and ten miles to the top of Zhi Mountain. The top reaches the sky, with pines and junipers covering the clouds, the wind sounds like waves, and the mountains are lined up. "The main peak of Hengshan Mountain is Tianfengling, with an altitude of 2016.1 meters. It is a majestic mountain with towering peaks. It is known as the "Tianzhu of the North" and "the most famous mountain in the world".
Tianfengling consists of 5 peaks. The middle peak, Xuanyue Peak, also known as Hengzong, is the top of Hengshan Mountain. There is Hengzong Hall, the main temple of Beiyue, in Fengyang. Dongfeng, also known as Ziweifeng, is located in the east of Xuanyue Peak and is on par with Xuanyue Peak. There is Wuyue Palace in Fengyin Grottoes. The south peak, named Feishifeng, is like a red wall, standing in the south of Xuanyue Peak, with Feishok Grotto. The North Peak, named Xianglu Peak, looks like a tall incense column standing in the north of Xuanyue Peak. The west peak, Cuiping Peak, faces Xuanyue Peak from east to west across Ciyao Gorge. Between the two peaks, there is a canyon bounded by steep cliffs. It has become the natural gate of Hengshan Mountain and has also become a natural barrier for controlling the south and the north for generations. The famous "Eighteen Scenic Spots of Mount Hengshan" are concentrated between two peaks and one gorge. The eighteen sceneries of Hengshan are: smoke and rain in Cixia, Hongqiao in the Cloud Pavilion, spring dawn in the Cloud Road, hanging pine trees in the tiger's mouth, fairy traces of old fruit, sunset on dangerous rocks, birds singing on cliffs, flying rocks in secluded caves, joys and sorrows in Longquan, fireworks in thatched caves, and golden roosters crowing at dawn. Jade sheep wander in the clouds, purple valley clouds and flowers, stone caves flowing clouds, fat pictures and brocades, the moon is drunk in the fairy mansion, the playing platform plays the piano, and the pines on the top of the mountain are blown by the wind.
To the east of Ziwei Peak, there is a raised peak named Baiyun Peak; to the north of Xuanyue Peak, there are twin peaks like milk, named Yuhua Peak. Five peaks plus these two peaks, the layout of the seven peaks is formed by heaven and earth to form the shape of the Big Dipper in the sky. The four peaks of Ziwei, Baiyun, Feishi and Xuanyue form a square bucket, and the three peaks of Xianglu, Yuhua and Cuiping form an arch. Bucket handle. Therefore, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain is also known as the Seven Star Peak: Beidou in the sky, Beiyue on the ground, seven stars and seven peaks, the sky and the earth are in harmony.
In addition to the main scenic area, Hengshan also has dozens of scenic spots, each with its own unique charm: Qianfo Ridge with its towering rocks, Tianci Valley with its unique caves; Longshan’s vast forest sea, Shenxi Lake’s ripples; Lingyunkou’s landscape The ethereal Wufeng Mountain has five graceful peaks; Longpen Valley has an eternal mystery, and Tangtou Hot Spring is a geothermal wonder.
Hengshan Scenic Area is one of the first batch of national-level key scenic spots, and the Hengshan Ancient Temple Group is a cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Hengshan Scenic Area was awarded "National Civilized Scenic Area" by the Ministry of Construction, rated as a 4A-level scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration, and won titles such as "Five Famous Scenic Areas in Shanxi" and "Top Ten Tourist Attractions in Shanxi".
In history, many literati, poets, generals and celebrities visited Hengshan and left a large number of relics and chapters. (Li Tao)
Excerpts from poems about Hengshan by famous writers in the past
Jizhou Ode
Eastern Han Dynasty·Ban Biao
What happened to Jizhou? Chat with the public to travel.
Traveling through nine states and watching the wind is also the entertainment of philosophers.
Look at the Mount E'e, climb the North Mountain and travel high.
The altar of sealing was built in Daizong, and Xuanyu was built in this hill.
Go to the Five Mountains and Sidu, and watch the sea flow around.
Beiyue Temple
Tang·Jiadao
There are five mountains in heaven and earth, and Mount Heng is located in the north.
The rocks are stacked on top of each other, and they are strange and unpredictable.
No one dares to enter, the temple is dark in daylight.
Sometimes it rains and sprinkles the heaven and earth with virtue.
Is God at peace? Yongkang is my kingdom.
Climbing Hengshan Mountain
Jin·Yuan Haowen
The grandson of the ancient emperor of Damaowei Mountain, Taipu has not yet disappeared.
Qiankun has his own spiritual realm, so his status is not comparable to that of other mountain masters.
The flags of the Central Plains are dark in the daytime, and you can go up to the stairs to view Cangyan Village.
Who can lend me two yellow swans and a long sleeve to brush the Xuandu Gate?