Gu Taiqing (1799-1876), whose name was Chun and whose courtesy name was Meixian. His original surname was Xilin Jueluo, and he was a native of Xianglan Banner in Manchuria. Married to Beile Yihui's side Fujin. She is recognized by the modern literary circle as "the first female poet in the Qing Dynasty". In her later years, she wrote the novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" under the name "Yuncha Waishi" and became the first female novelist in the history of Chinese novels. His literary talent and insight are extraordinary, so in the Eight Banners essays, there is a saying that "men are more mature and rongruo (Nalan Xingde), women are too pure and spring (Gu Taiqing)"[1]. Gu Taiqing was not only extremely talented, but also handsome, of moderate stature, gentle and virtuous. Ling Yihui fell in love very much. Although he was a side Fujin, he gave birth to four sons and three daughters, several of whom made great achievements. Gu Taiqing's life
Beautiful talent
Taiqing was taught calligraphy by her grandmother when she was three or four years old. When she was six or seven years old, she hired a special teacher to teach her culture. Because Gu Taiqing was a female, she did not study for scientific examinations, so she specialized in poetry and poetry. She has not bound her feet since she was a child, and she is talented. She sometimes pretends to be a boy and has good lyrics. Later, she relied on her extremely profound attainments to become the first female Manchu poet. His poetry is comparable to Nalan Xingde, the "first poet in the early days of the Republic of China". Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, he was known as "Manchu poets are as mature and graceful as men, and Gu Taiqing as women".
Gu Taiqing was able to receive a good education since she was a child, which is related to the fact that she was born in a family with a bachelor's degree in Ortai. Most of the Manchu nobles after Kang and Qian had high-ranking officials and generous salaries, were good at riding and shooting, and were full of talents and learning. They (she) were all good at Chinese poetry, actively Sinicized, and wrote poems and lyrics in Chinese, which became a trend from Kangxi and Qianlong. Since Ertai's descendant Echang was killed due to being implicated in the Literary Prison, his family property was lost and his family was in decline. This unjust case has affected several generations, and it has affected the Taiqing generation for three generations. Because Echang's son had no place to live in Beijing, he moved to Jianrui camp in the south. Although the E-Chang family suffered serious political and economic setbacks and could no longer serve as officials in the future, their family education was never interrupted. In poverty, not only did they cultivate famous poets like Taiqing, but also Taiqing's brother E Shaofeng. , sister Xilin Xiaxian is also good at poetry and has written some works.
Especially Taiqing, he is both talented and beautiful. "Poetry of Famous Ladies" said that she was "overflowing with talent and able to achieve success with her writing. She was honest in her treatment of others and had no arrogance. She sang and sang extemporaneously, and finished the manuscript before the sound of the bronze bowl was finished." No wonder the commentators said that she was the most popular poet in the Song Dynasty. , "His poems are full of spirit and spirit. He writes freely and expresses his feelings directly. There is no pretense or pretense. He is like flowing clouds and flowing water. He is slender and not stagnant. He escapes the sincere feelings and lingering thoughts of the fragrant boudoir in the Zhuge Pavilion, and the habit of chanting the wind and the moon. His style of writing is rich. Near Dongpo and Jiaxuan. Taiqing's poems are like a string of shining pearls, which makes people enjoy reading and reciting them. The poems cover a wide range of topics and reflect life, and they come from a member of the Qing Dynasty clan for a long time. The hand of the noble lady is really amazing."
Happy Marriage
Yi Hui is from the royal family, and it is recorded in "Manuscripts of Qing History" and "History of Manchu Literature": "Yi Hui, the great-grandson of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, called himself Taisu Taoist and Huanyuan layman. During the Jiaqing period, he attacked Jue Beile and became the commander of the Han army under the White Banner. He was fond of elegance..." Taiqing and Yi Hui were born in the same year. People should get married a few years after Yi Hui ascended the throne. Apart from the fact that Taiqing is a concubine (Zi Fujin) by name, the marriage is very happy. His wife passed away not long ago, and Taiqing was given special favor. Moreover, Yihui was talented, came from a prominent family, and was of the same age. The couple sang in harmony and respected each other as guests. They were an ideal couple, a pair born in heaven. The peak period of Taiqing's creation was also at this time. For example, her masterpiece "Zichun Collection" includes two parts: the poetry collection "Tianyou Pavilion Collection" and the poetry collection "East China Sea Fishermen's Songs", with about a thousand poems. These two poetry collections are named symmetrically with her husband Yi Hui's "Ming Shan Tang Ji" and "Nangu Qiao Sing", and even the title "Tai Qing" is symmetrical with Yi Hui's title "Tai Su" . It can be seen that the two of them are very passionate and talented, and they can sing well together.
South Valley is located to the east of Dafang Mountain to the west of Yongding River. It was the quiet villa of Yi Hui and Taiqing. Among them are Feiyun Pavilion, Qingfeng Pavilion, Hongye Temple, Dahuai Palace, etc., all of which are beautiful gardens constructed by Yi Hui's mountains. Tianyou Pavilion is one of Yi's residences, which should be related to Taiqing, Taisu and A place where friends sing and Yan rests. No wonder you can often see seven-character quatrains with titles such as "Poems of the Summer Solstice and the Confucius Ascend to Tianyou Pavilion" and "Friends of the Society Gathered at Tianyou Pavilion to See Begonias on Guyu Day" in "Zichun Collection", from which we can feel the Taiqing Dynasty. The masters of the word circle sing harmoniously, which is surprising and admirable for their extraordinary talent. Lilac Gongan is about the scandal between Gu Taiqing, the widow of King Baylor, and Gong Zizhen, a literary giant of the generation. The public case was caused by an idle poem. After being exaggerated by some enthusiastic people, it became popular and popular, both false and true. The final result was that Princess Gu Taiqing was expelled from the palace and fell into the public life. Gong Zizhen blamed herself. Leaving the capital in panic.
In the eighteenth year of Daoguang, the second year after Gu Taiqing became a widow, she encountered something ridiculous. There was a romantic literati in Hangzhou called Chen Wenshu. Following Yuan Mei, he promoted ladylike literature and cultivated a group of female disciples who recited poems and wrote poems. This year, he suddenly became popular and funded the reconstruction of the cemetery for the famous women Xiaoqing, Juxiang, Yunyou and others whose bones were buried in Xiyu Lake. This caused a small sensation in the local area. For this reason, his group of female disciples Everyone competed to write poems in praise, and Chen Wenshu planned to compile these poems and publish them into a volume called "Lanyin Collection". In order to improve the reputation of "Lanyin Collection", he asked his daughter-in-law Zhou Yunlin to ask his cousin Wang Yunzhuang to ask Gu Taiqing, the famous lady in the literary world, for a poem to include in the poetry collection and add color to the poetry collection.
Wang Yunzhuang was Gu Taiqing's close friend when she was a girl. She came all the way from Suzhou to the capital to ask Gu Daqing to give her poems. Unexpectedly, Gu Taiqing didn't care at all for such pretentious things, so Jiang Yunzhuang had no choice but to return angrily. However, after the "Lanyin Collection" was published, Chen Wenshu specially sent two copies to Gu Taiqing, and a poem "New Ode to the Spring Festival" signed by Gu Taiqing unexpectedly appeared in them. Gu Taiqing didn't know whether to laugh or cry. He felt that this was too ridiculous, so he gave Chen Wenshu a poem in return:
A small skill with sand in it can be achieved by great cold, and a wanderer in the wild knows how to bathe in snow;
Fairy talk Forever trapped in a dark prison, mediocre people look forward to the palace of the Qing Dynasty in vain.
Don't add me to the ranks of the blue city, the sea of ??people has always despised this gentleman;
Let your nonsense turn into a smile, and the floating clouds will not hinder the red sun.
The poem vividly depicts Chen Wenshu's vulgar and despicable demeanor. After seeing the poem, Chen was so angry that his beard straightened, but he had no choice but to take care of Daqing. These things seemed to pass away with light laughter and scolding, but little did they know that a seed of disaster had been quietly planted. As time went by, the shadow of her husband's death gradually faded in Gu Taiqing's heart. She began to resume poetry exchanges with literati in Beijing, and the palace by Taiping Lake was revitalized. Among the poet friends who had close contacts with Gu Taiqing was Gong Zizhen, a great writer who was famous all over the world at that time. Gong Zizhen was a native of Zhejiang. He was born into a scholarly family. He was talented and wrote many books. His poems were elegant and profound, which was deeply appreciated by Gu Taiqing. Just like Gong Zizhen's sentence "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers!" Gu Taiqing felt that it could be used as a portrayal of her life at this time. Her glorious era has passed by in a hurry. Even if it turns into spring mud now, You can also cultivate your children well. The poem taught her to have no regrets. After becoming a Jinshi, Gong Zizhen was awarded the title of Secretariat of the Cabinet, and now he has been promoted to the head of the Zongren Mansion. This is an idle position. This talented man from the south of the Yangtze River could not display his talent, so he had to put it in poetry, and thus became a member of Gu Taiqing's family. of regular customers. Gu Taiqing's character was dignified and solemn. Although he was a widower and his house was crowded with guests, he sat firmly, behaved upright, and made friends with his poems. Others had nothing to say. However, in the second year after Prince Yi Hui passed away, a storm arose, which eventually became Gu Taiqing's catastrophe. In the early autumn of this year, Gong Zizhen wrote a "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai". Like his other poems, it quickly spread among the literati in the capital. The poem is as follows:
A Tutor in the Empty Mountains Relying on a Tired Tour body, dreaming of spring in Langyuan in the west of the city;
A rider passed the note to Zhu Di in the evening, and handed it to the man in silk clothes in the wind.
There is a small note after the poem: "Recalling the lilac flowers of Taiping Lake in Xuanwu Gate." There is a dense lilac tree on the bank of Taiping Lake not far from Prince Baylor's Palace. When it blooms, its fragrance is astonishing. , Xi Zizhen often lingered in it, so this poem was written. Who is the "man in silk clothes" mentioned in the poem? People guessed it was Gu Taiqing, because she lived in the "Zhu Di" palace and often wore white clothes. She and Gong Zizhen were poetry friends. It was reasonable for Gong to write poems and pass them to her for analysis. But this is where the turmoil started. Chen Wenshu, a Hangzhou literati who had been ridiculed by Gu Taiqing, arrived in the capital at this time. He also saw this "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai". He did not appreciate any artistic conception from the poem, but found some subtle reasons; everyone agreed that the poem The "man in ony clothes" in the poem is Gu Taiqing, and Gu Taiqing is also known as "Spring". The poem says "Dream of spring in the west gate of the city". On the surface, it is dreaming of lilacs, but deep down, who knows that it is not Gu Taiqing who is dreaming? It happened that shortly after Gong Zizhen wrote this "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai", another poem "Guidian Qiu" that remembers dreams was handed down to the world. The words go:
Outside the bright moon, the red dust is pure, Penglai is quiet and quiet. There are no neighbors; the Milky Way water in the sky flows through the red wall and no one is seen.
After I woke up, the moon was thick and the wind was blowing past five o'clock. I wanted to ask the Guangming Palace in this life, but I found out that there were tens of thousands of weights of Zhu Bian.
"Ha! Aren't these pictures of moonlit night trysts?" Chen Wenshu became as happy as if he had discovered some treasure. He cleverly connected the poem about lilacs with the words about dreams, and then a little later With the addition of annotations, there is conclusive evidence that Gong Zizhen and Gu Taiqing were having an affair. Soon, the scandal about Gu Taiqing and Gong Zizhen spread in the capital. People were very enthusiastic about this kind of information. Coupled with the fanning of some boring scholars, the matter was quickly made up to be interesting and interesting. With evidence. I'm not afraid that you Gong Zizhen and Gu Taiqing can write brilliantly. Even if you have ten thousand mouths, you can't always explain this kind of thing clearly. Then rumors, accusations and accusations came to them, leaving them helpless. In the end, Gong Zizhen was forced to have no place to stay, so she had to leave the capital with a cart of books in gloom. After Gong Zizhen left, it seemed that the rumors became facts. Gu Taiqing had difficulty telling the truth. He was finally expelled from the palace by Zaijun, the son of Yi Hui and Mrs. Miaohua, and rented several shabby houses in Xicheng Horse Camp to accommodate himself. and a pair of poor children. From the splendid palace to the old house that was difficult to protect from the weather, and the inevitable contempt and ridicule, Gu Taiqing completely lost his confidence in life. It is so easy and joyful to chase your husband to death, but when you look at your children looking at you longingly, you can only live in humiliation and poverty, and you can only express your tears in poems.
There are several raftered houses in the back alleys, so different from the feeling of an empty valley;
Children cry, mourning and shaking their hearts.
I almost want to die under the spring, but I dare not take this body lightly;
How can I, a lowly concubine, pity myself and teach my son to be successful?
A "Lilac Case" came out of nowhere and threw Gu Taiqing to the bottom of life for no reason. After losing her husband once and being wronged once, she had lost all hope. She only placed her hope on her two children and tried her best to complete the mission of "turning into spring mud to protect flowers". Gradually, her heart gained detachment from the poverty-stricken life, and she was able to treat all sufferings calmly, without any great joy or great sorrow. As long as her mind was calm and relaxed, there was not much difference between prosperity and poverty. This state of mind is all in one of her poems.
After a lot of training and a lot of tests, I realized that the mind without life is free;
After discovering the true source, all the clutter and clutter must be deleted. Name and life experience
Taiqing was born in Xiangshan, a western suburb of Beijing, on the fifth day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (February 9, 1799). In the third year of Guangxu's reign (December 7, 1877), Ding Chou died in the Beicha Mansion of Dafo Temple on the third day of November, at the age of 79, not in 1876. Taiqing's surname was Xilin Jueluo, his given name was Chun, his courtesy name was Meixian, his name was Taiqing, and his name was Yuncha Waishi. People with blue banners in Manchuria. Taiqing's real name should be written as Xilinchun.
Taiqing was the granddaughter of Erchang, the governor of Gansu, who was implicated in the literary inquisition of "Jian Mo Sheng Shi Chao" by Hu Zhongzao during the Qianlong period and was ordered to commit suicide. Ertai, an important official in the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, was Taiqing's great-uncle, not Taiqing's great-grandfather.
When Taiqing was twenty-six years old in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), after avoiding the guilty minister, he pretended to be the daughter of Gu Wenxing, the guard of Prince Rong, and married Yihui, the great-grandson of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. same year. Yi Hui was also a famous clan writer in Manchuria. They fell in love deeply and went on outings together, singing poems, drinking, and singing. Until Yi Hui died of illness at the age of 40, they lived a happy life for fourteen years instead of "nearly ten years." Fairy-like days."
The residence of Prince Rong was originally located in the "Jiangjun Temple", that is, the "Guanyin Temple" in "Daguantun". Because in the main hall of this nunnery, there is a stone statue on both sides of the statue of Guanyin carved in the shape of a general facing each other, so it is also called the General Temple. Nearby is the "Yuewu Tower" at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain. The Yuyuan was later moved to "Shuangqiao Temple" near Haidian Town.
The representative poem of Mrs. Taiqing, recognized by the modern literary circle as the first female poet of the Qing Dynasty, is "Tianyou Pavilion Collection". The "East China Sea Fishermen's Song", which is famous both at home and abroad, is "Tianyou Pavilion Collection". collection of words in .
In the field of contemporary research on Gu Taiqing, Mr. Yongqi, the seventh grandson of Prince Rongchun, the fifth son of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and Mr. Jin Qimi (1918-2004), the fifth grandson of Gu Taiqing, have gone from Taiqing to Taiqing over decades. Research on the surname, title and life experience of Mrs. Qing Dynasty; the recovery of the complete collection of "Tianyou Pavilion Collection"; research on the edition of "Tianyou Pavilion Collection"; the proofs of Taiqing's poems; the former residence of Mrs. Taiqing (also known as the Garden Bedroom) Comprehensive research and a lot of work have been done on protection and other aspects. A large number of historical facts about Gu Taiqing's research have been clarified. Former Residence
The former residence villa of Yi Hui and Gu Taiqing, which is also the garden bedroom behind them, is located in Dananyu, Tuoli Township, Fangshan District, Beijing, where the remnants of the Taihang Mountains wind up. , surrounded by mountains and covered with green forests; in the 14th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1834), Yi Hui and Gu Taiqing started construction of the garden dormitory, which took five years to complete. Yangshu Pass, the First Bridge, Shantang (later changed to the Food Hall), Cloud Pavilion, Qingfeng Pavilion, Hongye Temple, Dahuai Palace, Dongpo Xiaoshi City, Niuyang Village, and Vegetable Garden constitute the famous Dananyu Ten scene. It is the only complete Qing Dynasty clan villa that still exists and is of great historical and cultural value. The book "Gu Taiqing and Haidian" (Beijing Press, 2000), a biography of Mrs. Taiqing written by Mr. Jin Qizhen (Beijing Press, 2000), has also filled the gap in the systematic study of Gu Taiqing's life and creation. It laid a solid foundation for the construction of the exhibition hall. If the exhibition hall is completed, it will not only protect and develop the traditional national culture, but also be of great benefit to the development of Beijing's tourism industry. During his serious illness, Mr. Qi Gong inscribed the name of the Gu Taiqing Historical Relics Exhibition Hall. Introduction
Gu Taiqing (1799-1876), whose name was Chun, also known as Zichun, also known as Meixian, had a Taoist name of Taiqing, and in his later years, he was also known as Yuncha Waishi. His original surname was Xilin Jueluo, and he was a native of Xianglan Banner in Manchuria. A famous female poet in the Qing Dynasty.
Gu Taiqing married the fifth son of Emperor Qianlong, Prince Rongchun, the grandson of Aixinjueluo Yongqi, the son of Rongke County Prince Mianyi - the side Fujin of Beile Yihui, and reported to the family as "Gu" surname. After the marriage, the couple sang together, and the couple had a deep love for each other. Because Yi Hui had the courtesy name Zizhang and the nickname Taisu, in order to match it, he took the courtesy name Zichun and the nickname Taiqing. He signed himself Taiqingchun and Xilinchun, so he became famous as Gu Taiqing.
Gu Taiqing's grandfather was the nephew of Ertai, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He visited Echang in Gansu Province. After Echang's son Eshifeng married the daughter of Xiangshan Fucha family, they gave birth to one son and two daughters. The eldest daughter was Taiqing. Her real name was Chun, her courtesy name was Meishan, and her nickname was Taiqing.
According to the fifteenth chapter of "Biographies" in Volume 288 of "Manuscripts of Qing History": "Eertai, named Yi'an, was born in the Jueluo clan of Xilin, and was a native of Xianglan Banner in Manchuria. He lived in Wangqin (today's Wangqing) In the early days of the Kingdom, there were people stationed in Taizu. They attached seven villages to Taizu and were granted the title of Niulu Ezhen. He served as Emperor Taizong and fought in the Dalinghe River. He defeated the general Zhang Li of the Ming Dynasty. After Chen died, he was awarded the post of Bei Yushi. The poems of Gu Taiqing are full of scarlet, and they stand out from the world. It's cold in the Ming Dynasty, and the spring is only a few feet long. . After the green clouds cover the sun and the trees become cloudy, remember the flower growers.
——Qing Dynasty·Gu Taiqing's "Linjiang Immortal·Planting Begonias on the Day Before Qingming"
Linjiang Immortal·Planting Begonias on the Day Before Qingming
Qing Dynasty: Gu Taiqing's Ten Thousand Points of Scarlet General Spit out the calyx and emerge beautifully from the mortal world. The ancient temple was moved to plant a red gate. It’s cold food tomorrow, and it’s spring again.
The thin and soft strips are only a few feet long, and Qianxun started from a small cause. Green clouds cover the sun and the trees ring. After the child is born, remember the flower grower. ▲ Planting trees on the Qingming Festival
High mountains and flowing water·Ci Fuzi’s Qingfeng Pavilion was completed
Gu Taiqing in the Qing Dynasty The mountains and valleys attracted long winds, and the dawn was exquisite.
The green shade outside the building is deep, and you can point to the east by leaning on the railing.
The muddy river water is like a rainbow.
It is extremely cool, the valley is full of birds chirping, and the cold fog is mist.
Let the sea and sky be vast and fly across this body.
Yun Rong.
Look at the white clouds and the gray dog, those who have no intention will change into nothingness.
Thin grass lines the dangerous rocks, and the rock flowers are beautiful and red in the sun.
Qingfeng Pavilion stands high in the sky, with rows of women like children.
When I return, we will chat and laugh, everyone will compete for supremacy. ▲ Bold and unrestrained, depicting scenery, expressing emotions and joy
Bodhisattva Man·Chrysanthemums in the pots are chanted on the Dragon Boat Festival. The cherry festival in the Xunfeng Palace Pavilion, and the sunken sandalwood burns under the green screen windows. The small fan brings a slight coolness, and the summer is long.
The savages are very knowledgeable and do not ask Yan Liang. The old garden is easy to cultivate, and the chrysanthemums bloom in May.
Chanting things, chrysanthemums Dragon Boat Festival