"Du Fu in Qinzhou in 759 AD" (full version)
Author: Xuexiao No. 2
One of Du Fu's visits to Qinzhou: Crossing the Pass Mountain
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part 2: The first poem of "Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems"
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part 3: Bloody Horse
Du Fu in Qinzhou Prefecture No. 4: Nanguo Temple
Du Fu in Qinzhou No. 5: Collecting Herbal Medicines
Du Fu in Qinzhou No. 6: Wind Disease
Du Fu in Qinzhou No. 7: Dreaming of Li Bai
Du Fu in Qinzhou No. 8: Friend Ruan Fang
Du Fu in Qinzhou No. 1: Crossing Guanshan
July 759 AD , one day after the beginning of autumn, the remote Guanshan Longshui greeted the arrival of Du Fu, the eternal poet of the Chinese nation, with a frown on his face.
Du Fu was born in Gong County, Henan Province in 712 AD. Lost his mother at the age of five. He was able to compose poems at the age of seven, and his eloquence was extraordinary: "Thinking at seven years old makes you strong, and you chant the phoenix with your mouth." He traveled to Jin Dynasty at the age of 19 and to Wuyue at the age of 20. At the age of 24, he failed to win the imperial examination. At the age of 25, he traveled to Qi and Zhao. At the age of 44, the Anshi Rebellion broke out. At the age of 46, "When I see the emperor in hemp shoes, I shed tears and teach him to pick up the lost things." In June of the following year, he was demoted to Huazhou Sigong and joined the army. After the Beginning of Autumn in July of that year, he wrote a poem titled "After the Beginning of Autumn" and immediately abandoned his official position and moved his family to Qinzhou. Du Fu lived in Qinzhou for nearly 100 days.
As for the reason why Du Fu went to Qin, there have always been different opinions. There are several theories, including the theory of visiting relatives and friends, the theory of entering Shu by way of the road, the theory of asking for food and clothing, the theory of frustrated and returning to seclusion, and the theory of traveling far away to stay. . The most representative one is the theory of the "thousand-mile hunger drive" of people heading west to seek refuge with relatives and friends due to famine in the Pass. Those who hold this theory generally rely on the following text: "Book of Tang" records: "Guan Fu was hungry, and (Du Fu) often abandoned his official position." German Mo Zhiyijia also believes: "Du Fu left the north and took his family to the south, constantly looking for financial helpers." ("Guan Zhui Edition" and Du Fu's New Interpretation" p165, Hebei Education Press, 1997 November). In fact, the word "you" in the first and second sentence of Du Fu's "Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" "due to people traveling far away" indicates that Du Fu's "tour" of Qinzhou should have at least three purposes: study tour, travel, and chanting. of wandering.
After Du Fu's family left Huazhou, they meandered westward, experiencing wind and rain and sleeping in the open air along the way. Judging from the poems such as "Returning to Longxian late" and "Remembering yesterday over Longban", we can see that they came to Qinzhou across the present Longshan Mountain (now called Guanshan) at the junction of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province and Zhangjiachuan, Gansu Province. In the minds of ordinary Chinese people at that time, crossing Guanshan was like leaving Yangguan in the west. It was a journey full of sadness and helplessness but also adventurous.
The Guanlong Post Road in early autumn is winding and deserted. Sometimes there are broken wooden crossings, sometimes there are rocks on the road, and sometimes it is blocked by turbid currents. On both sides of the road, there are old trees with broken branches, luxuriant grass, and frightened strange birds that flutter into the cloudy sky from time to time. A carriage was trudging through the mud, making a creaking sound, like history groaning uneasily. Along the way, Du Fu and the others would occasionally encounter other refugees supporting the elderly and the young, and there would also often be detachments of the Tang Army galloping past. The cavalrymen who were galloping towards them looked nervous and dusty. They just bowed and urged their horses and seemed to turn a blind eye to the common people standing aside. Soon, they sped away, leaving Du Fu and the others a confused cloud of smoke.
In the smoke and dust, next to the carriage, Du Fu was riding an old horse, wearing a bamboo hat and a ge robe, with a bag on his shoulders and a tired face. This horse may be the "wind chasing mule" presented to the poet by Li Siye. Otherwise, it was an abandoned and sick horse that he picked up in a "scavenger hunt" when he first came to Huazhou to take office. The horse was taken home by him and carefully cared for. It is estimated that it has recovered its health by now, and it should also travel with Du Fu and his family. Du Fu swayed on his horse while greedily looking around at the early autumn scenery in Longshang. His eyes clearly revealed his infinite love for the strange mountains and rivers of the Northwest, and also revealed a poet's hidden sorrow for the country's current affairs in the turbulent years - from Huazhou to Qinzhou, thousands of miles away, "the wine and meat of the rich families stinks" Even if the scene does not happen again, the scene of "frozen bones on the road" is likely to happen to him again.
Sitting in the carriage were Du Fu's wife Yang Wan and several children. Yang Wan is the daughter of Yang Yi, Sinong Shaoqing from Hongnong, a good friend of Du Fu's father Du Xian. She is 12 years younger than Du Fu. She has loved reading since she was a child and is good at writing. Beautiful in appearance, dignified in speech and conduct, gentle and considerate in temperament. They got married in 740 AD when Du Fu was 30 years old. Over the years, she has given birth to children for Du Fu but also been worried about them. She has been Du Fu's virtuous wife through thick and thin and his understanding confidante. Now, she and Du Fu were running together on the wandering road with an uncertain future, her eyes worried but firm. In her arms, she held her daughter Du Rong. Du Fu's poem "Northern Expedition" goes: "Two little girls in front of the bed, the patchwork is only above the knees." However, when I came to Qinzhou, it seemed that there was only one daughter. Leaning beside her are her sons Zongwen and Zongwu. According to scholar Feng Zhi, Zongwen should have been nine years old and Zongwu should have been six years old at that time. More than a thousand years later, in the secluded Du Fu Temple in the famous Nanguo Temple in the south of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, under the statue of Du Fu with a plump face, the two "book boys" holding books in their hands were actually Du Fu's two sons. One is Zongwen, whose nickname is Xiong'er, and the other is Zongwu, whose nickname is Jizi. Du Fu's favorite was his youngest son Jizi.
There is a sentence in the poem "Qianxing" as evidence:
Ji Zi is a good man. I was learning the language the year before last.
Ask someone’s name and recite an old man’s poem.
Du Fu's younger brother Du Zhan was whipping up his whip and urging them on.
There are five Du Fu brothers, Du Fu is the eldest, and his four younger brothers are named Ying, Guan, Feng and Zhan respectively. At this time, only the younger brothers Du Zhan and Du Fu were together, and the other three were scattered in Henan and Shandong. Du Zhan was about eighteen or nineteen years old at that time, and he was a strong young man. Therefore, on the Qinlong Road, he had to hold a whip and drive the cart.
Also Du An, Du Fu's servant, was exploring the Guanlong Road with Du Zhan. Du An's parents died when he was 10 years old. Du Fu's mother, Cui, saw that he was pitiful and took him home as a servant. Although Du An has never read a book, he is clever by nature, and he and Du Fu are called masters and servants but are actually friends. He followed Du Fu all his life until Du Fu died on the ship from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. At this moment, Duan must be laughing with someone.
Although their journey is difficult, it must also be happy.
For Du Fu, does this crossing of Guanshan Mountain transcend the significance of geographical crossing and mean a crossing in the sense of life?
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part 2: The first poem of "Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems"
When Du Fu and his party finally entered the boundary of Qinzhou, they touched the boundary monument of "Qinzhou". Looking at the city of Qinzhou, Du Fu might have thought of Lu Zhaolin's "Entering the Boundary of Qinzhou":
Longban is endlessly long, and the sight is endless.
The stone path is lingering and broken, and the backflow seems to be empty.
The flowers are blooming, the green fields are dew, and the orioles are singing in the purple rock wind.
Don’t exhaust the fragrance of spring, but leave it for old friends to ask.
At the top of the Qinzhou city in 759 AD, there were dense garrison towers. Above the garrison flag, the clouds hang low and the sky is high. The soldiers guarding the city held their halberds in silence, with indifferent expressions. Considering the harassment of the Tang Dynasty by the Tubo people at that time and the fact that the Tubo invaded and occupied Qinzhou four years later, we can imagine that there must have been such an official notice posted on the city gate of Qinzhou at that time:
… …The Tibetan bandits attacked my two counties of Taozhou and Minzhou the day before yesterday, injuring more than forty of our villagers, taking hundreds of our women captive, looting countless properties and burning down our houses and estates... The pastor of this state warned me, the people of Qinzhou, that we must...
Du Fu and the others entered Qinzhou City with their chariots and horses.
At night, the children all went to bed. Several little heads were lined up on the edge of the Kang in the apartment. Under the light, they slept particularly soundly. The clothes that had just been washed were hanging to dry on the other side of the room. Mrs. Yang was sitting with one leg hanging on the edge of the kang, mending her clothes stitch by stitch under the slightly swaying oil lamp. The light illuminated her beautiful but tired face. She must be too tired. And her husband, Du Fu, was currently looking through a pile of poetry books in front of a square pear wood table.
Du Fu hung a painting on the wall of the house, and the earthen wall suddenly lit up, like a dragon and snake walking in a pool of stagnant water. This is a calligraphy gift from his friend Zheng Qian, which he has kept with him for many years. "Zheng Qian, about twenty years older than Du Fu, was a versatile man. His calligraphy, painting, and poetry were once called the 'Three Wonders' by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, he was also proficient in astronomy, geography, national defense, and medicine. Du Fu During his stay in Chang'an, he often drank and wrote with Zheng Qian, and the two were the closest friends. Du Fu wrote many poems in memory of Zheng Qian." (Li Jizhu's "Annotations on Du Fu Longyou's Poems" p138)
Du Fu. After hanging up the words, he shook his head and looked at it, then straightened it up a little. Then he opened a painting.
This is a picture of a goshawk painted by a friend, and there is Du Fu's poem "Painting an Eagle" on it:
When the wind and frost rise, the painting of a goshawk becomes special.
My body is filled with thoughts of a cunning rabbit, and I look sideways like a worried beard.
The sash is worthy of being picked, and the Xuan Ying is powerful.
Why should I strike at an ordinary bird and scatter its hair and blood on the ground?
When his wife fell asleep, Du Fu began to polish ink by candlelight. One of his hands and his piece of ink began to spin in circles, around and around. His thoughts were like a lake broken by a stone, gradually swaying out of the candlelight, out of the house, out of the distant sound of drums and horns from the border town, out of the mysterious night of ancient Qinzhou City. He gradually turned the Mochi into a chaotic world - with the shrill sound of drums and horns, the Tang Dynasty's army was being defeated. Throwing away his armor, he grabbed the flag and fled. Shi Siming captured Luoyang again. The Uighur cavalry ran away desperately. People are fleeing. Groaning under iron hooves, trombone. They lost their homes in the raging fire, but the Anshi rebels were laughing. Great famine in Guanzhong. Hungry everywhere. Some officials arrested people at night. The old man jumped over the wall and walked away. The old woman went out to visit. My family was also mixed in with the fleeing crowd, staggering on the road without knowing where to go, and their livestock was quickly snatched away. He was captured by Anlushan rebels. Huazhou State Shepherd is a snobbish and ugly villain. A mountain of official documents. Sweat like rain. The crime started. Put down the pen angrily. Look up to the sky and sigh!
This long sigh, from Huazhou to Qinzhou.
Du Fu thought of the climbing, wading and pitching on his Guanlong Road. The whole family was walking on the twists and turns of the mountain road. They didn't know what would happen on the road ahead, and they always felt timid and uneasy in their hearts. Looking up from the top of the mountain, he saw that the water was drying up, the vegetation was withering, and his future was uncertain, and he didn't know if he would find a good destination... How could all this not make him worry and look sad.
Du Fu wrote very hard and wrote the first poem of "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" which was later famous in the history of literature:
Sadness in the eyes creates trouble, because of what people do. Travel far away.
Returning late to save Long's cowardice, grandeur and worries.
The water falls at night, fish and dragons fall, and the mountains sing, birds and mice fall.
I asked about the beacon fire during the Western Expedition, but my heart was broken and I stayed here.
The two sentences "Sadness in the eyes creates trouble because people travel far away" are written in a desolate and miserable way. Words such as "sadness", "faraway", "cowardly", "sorrow", "asking" and "folding" convey multiple aspects of the poet's mood at that time.
When the twilight sky came in through the window the next day, Du Fu's family was still sleeping soundly, and Du Fu's sleep was especially sound and deep. After many days of hard work and windy journey, he really should Had a good and sound sleep.
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part Three: Bloody Horses
When Du Fu first lived in Qinzhou, his main activities were in the urban area and suburbs. What he saw, except in the market, The Huma Qiang women and the rich and thin people are the scenery of Qinzhou where "there is no wind and clouds outside the fortress, and the moon is never dark when approaching the pass". During this period, he and his family went out to collect herbs when the weather was sunny, and spent time in his apartment reading, thinking, cherishing relatives, and enjoying themselves on rainy days. At that time, Du Zuo had not arrived, Ruan Fang had not met him, Duke Zan had not visited, and the beautiful woman had not been met. In addition, the Sichuan resources he brought with him were abundant, and the weather was cool but not cold. There was neither the fatigue of running around nor the worries of official duties. , far away from the war but in the beautiful mountains and rivers, is really a rare period of peace and leisure in the poet's life.
This morning, the sun shone all over the streets and alleys of Qinzhou City. In this bright sunshine, Du Fu held his daughter Du Rong's hand and walked out of the door of his apartment. Behind him, Du Zhan was holding a bag in his hand, apparently wanting to buy rice on the way. Zong Wen and Zong Wu will inevitably follow him. They were going to take a good look at this strange and magical western town.
They soon came to the settlement area where the Di, Qiang and other ethnic minorities who surrendered to the Tang Dynasty were inhabited. Here there were many tents, the smell of mutton was floating around, and people with strange eyebrows and weird eyes were killing cattle and sheep. , either burning firewood to cook, or sitting, drinking and laughing. Du Fu and the children were eye-opened and surprised by these strange men, women, and children.
Someone is killing a cow. The big man put the knife in his mouth and grabbed the horns with both hands. The poor cow seemed to have a premonition of something bad and tried its best to struggle, but it was too late. People had already put a rope loop on it, and its struggle could only make it collapse. Several men quickly tied the cow's legs. The man biting the knife twisted the cow's head, freed his hand, held the knife, took aim at the cow's neck and stabbed it suddenly, blood spurted out, and soon, a black old man appeared. The cow died and became a pile of beef.
Qinzhou in 759 AD was a bustling Qinzhou, an important town on the Northwest Silk Road, a gathering place for materials, and a gathering place for ethnic groups. On this day, as usual, there was another martial arts competition on the long street. There were two Uighur youths wrestling. Both of them are strong and brave, and the strong muscles on their bare chests shine with the unique bravery of ethnic minorities. On the side, seven or eight onlookers were cheering for them: "Hard! Hard! Stumble!..." Not far away, a Qiang rider was performing his equestrian skills: sometimes he urged the horse to gallop, and sometimes suddenly He reined in the horse, causing it to fly into the air and neigh. He flew away from the saddle while galloping quickly, picked up a sword from the ground, then spurred his horse and swung the sword, and saw a flash of white light, and a wooden stake was split in half.
At this time, another person stood up and said: Everyone, take a look at my archery skills. He bent his bow and nocked an arrow, searched the sky briefly, said hello - and with a movement of his arm, whoosh, he shot down a flying bird with one arrow. Everyone cheered, and Du Fu also stood aside and said: "Li Guang has better archery skills than Li Guang! No one can surpass Li Guang!"
"Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" 3. This poem is obviously the work of the poet Du Fu who was based in Qinzhou City. Several verbs in it, such as "lead", "out", "you" and "come", can clearly show the poet's observation point and angle of observation. Following Du Fu's gaze, we can clearly see some strange features of the western border towns:
The state map leads to the same valley, and the post road emerges from the quicksand.
The captives were surrendered and thousands of tents were taken over, and there were tens of thousands of people living there.
Ma Jiao is sweating, and Hu Wu is white and his inscription is slanted.
When I was young, I came to Taozi, and when I came to the west, I also boasted about it.
Obviously, when Du Fu was in Qinzhou City, he saw the sweat-blooded horses of the Western Regions that were rarely seen in the Central Plains: the five words "Ma Jiao Zhu Khan fell" must be Du Fu's description of the Qin Dynasty at that time. The state is realistic rather than imaginary.
We can imagine the scene like this: Suddenly, a group of powerful Hu cavalry galloped into the tent forest, some of them continued to gallop away, and some of them stopped. The rider rolled his saddle and fell off his horse. The horse was still panting after a long gallop, and the white air it exhaled was like a white cloud next to the horse's face. The horse's hooves were still pounding. This is a Western horse with a waist of eight feet and a red mane and black curls. Now the holes on their front shoulders are flowing with red sweat like blood.
Du Fu was stunned by the rare red sweat beads: "Sweat-blooded horse! Isn't this a sweat-blooded horse? This is a kind of magical horse produced in the Dayuan Kingdom in the Western Regions!"
p>The bearded rider who was unloading the saddle heard this and said to Du Fu: "The old man has extraordinary eyesight and can recognize a thousand-mile horse!" Du Fu hurriedly said that he didn't dare, "I only know a little bit, look at this A horse has no extra meat on its body, and its bones are handsome. Look at its ears, which are small and pointed, shaped like bamboo tubes. Look at its hooves and ankles. The "Horse Sutra" says: "Horse's wrists" If you want to rush, you will be strong; if you want to have high hooves, you will be able to withstand danger. 'Its hooves are high and its wrists are straight...it looks like a sweaty horse!"
"This is exactly what the gentleman said. It's a purebred sweat horse!" The rider said: "There is only one thing that the gentleman has not mentioned, and that is this kind of horse. It will have to go to Hexi once in a while to eat the grass there, and then it will be peaceful when it comes back! , We just came back from our hometown in Hexi."
When Du Fu heard this, he said "oh" thoughtfully. The strong impression this magical sweat-blooded horse left on the poet can be seen from No. 5 of "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou":
The Western Envoy Yi Tianma has a strong origin of ten thousand horses.
The floating clouds disappear one after another, and autumn grass grows all over the mountains.
I heard that the true dragon species is still old and old, Su Shuang.
Wailing and thinking about fighting, I stand facing the vastness.
It can be said that this poem (Part 5 of "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou") is about the horse poem "The state map leads to the same valley" ("Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou") 3) A footnote to the poem praising horses.
When Du Fu finally turned around and left, he found that the children were watching the dance of a foreign boy. "Hu Wu Bai Ti Xie", a fit young man with white dots painted on his eyebrows, is performing a Western dance full of exotic sentiments. People cheered endlessly. The young man danced gracefully and neatly, and Du Fu was fascinated by it. He couldn't help but think of the heroic Lady Gongsun who danced the sword in Chang'an.
Du Fu had seen such a Hu horse before, and wrote a poem "Fang Bing Cao Hu Ma":
The Hu Ma is named Dawan, and its front shuttle is skinny.
The ears of the bamboo are steep, and the wind blows lightly on the four hooves.
There is no emptiness in the direction, which is worthy of life and death.
With Xiaoteng like this, ten thousand cities can run rampant.
Later, he also wrote "Gaodu Protects Cong Ma Xing" and "Li [雩阝] County Father-in-law Hu Ma Xing" and so on.
My father-in-law’s horse is named Hu Liu. The year before last, he avoided Hu Liu and passed the Golden Ox.
After whipping back his whip, he went to see the emperor and drank the water of Han Dynasty in Mu Lingzhou.
He is extremely proud of himself and is loved by thousands of people.
When I heard that I was in urgent need of talent, I turned to worry about the slaves.
The sharp ears on the head are praising autumn bamboo, and the high hooves under the feet are cutting cold jade.
I just realized that the divine dragon has a different kind, no more fleshy than an ordinary horse.
Luoyang Avenue is now clear again, and I am happy to go eastward after many days.
Feng Zuolin (one is a dragon) □ ("curl" roll is changed to Qi) is not easy to recognize,
Look sideways and look at Changfeng Sheng.
It should be said that Du Fu is relatively good at horses. More than a thousand years later, when someone imagined Du Fu's troubled life in Qinzhou, he said: He "rided a thin black donkey/from the dusty road/through the canyon/over a forest/away in the Tang Dynasty. "In the back", in fact, when Du Fu traveled in Qinzhou, he was riding a horse instead of a donkey. Feng Zhi's "The Biography of Du Fu" said: When Du Fu was in Huazhou, "he accidentally walked to the eastern suburbs and met a skinny horse abandoned by the soldiers on the roadside. He also thought of the hardships in the world and wrote an article "The Skinny Horse" ""
The thin horse in the eastern suburbs hurts me, and the bones (stones) are as thick as a wall.
The stumbling block is about to turn [oddly] sideways, how can it be that it is still soaring?
Look carefully at the six seals with official characters, which are left by the roads and the three armies.
The skin is dry and peeling and mixed with mud, and the hair is dark and dull with snow and frost.
Last year, I was running around chasing the remaining bandits, but Hua Liu was not used to it and could not general.
Soldiers often ride horses in stables, fearing that they will suffer from illness.
At that time, the calendar block fell by mistake, and it was impossible for you to take precautions.
When you see someone miserable and whining, the owner is wrong.
When the weather is cold, the wild geese are released far away to keep company. At dusk, the crows are not gathered to peck at the sores.
Whoever raises his family hopes that it will eventually benefit them, and even hope that the grass will grow next spring.
Considering Du Fu’s love for Chinese herbal medicine, we can even infer that Du Fu might also be a good horse doctor! It was this horse that was so thin that it was abandoned. After Du Fu took it back and took good care of it, it recovered to health. Later, it accompanied Du Fu across Longban to Qinzhou. There is also a song "Sick Horse" in Du Fu's Qinzhou poems.
It has been a long time since I rode you, and the weather is cold and the pass is deep.
I work hard when I am old in the world, but I am sick and sad at the end of the year.
Are there so many hairs and bones? The kindness is still there today.
Things are subtle and meaningful, and I am moved and ponder!
This sick horse may be the cured old horse that loves riding. Du Fu and his horse can be described as "friends in need".
On this day, when it was eating grass in the back trough, Du Fu came to see him. Du Fu touched the old horse's gaunt bones. The old horse raised its head, shook its mane and screamed. .
Du Fu said: Old man, you are old too, but you have to hold on. In a few days, I, Old Du, will have to rely on you to travel a long distance. As an old man, we have ambitions for thousands of miles. In our old age, we will never lose our ambitions. How about that?
The old horse seemed to understand and let out a long hiss.
Du Fu's state of mind in the autumn of 759 AD was really that of an old horse. It was a state of mind that was full of ambition but also infinitely sad.
In the poem "Red Valley" written by Du Fu after leaving Qinzhou, there is a sentence like this: "My horse's bones are straightened." Perhaps it was in Chigu that Du Fu and his beloved horse reluctantly parted ways.
Running like the wind through a sweaty horse will always be just a beautiful dream for people. The cruel reality is: people are struggling with their horses, whether they are skinny, sick, or old. ...
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part 4: Nanguo Temple
In 759 AD, Qinzhou had just entered autumn. A muffled thunder. It rained heavily. The old locust trees, green tiles, towers, and thatched houses in Qinzhou City are all bathed in the fierce heavy rain. Soon the streets were filled with water. The river in the rain is even more turbulent, the waves are rolling, the firewood is sinking and floating, and the water is shining. But on the river embankment, there was a Qiang boy looking at the river. The rain soaked through the few clothes he had on, but he didn't care at all. He just kept clapping and cheering: the river has risen again! The river has risen again! Not far away there was a strong man, who seemed to be his father, wearing a straw hat and using a long pole to catch floating grass and debris floating in the river. A stagecoach galloped across the road behind them, its hooves kicking up water droplets everywhere, like flowers blooming in pieces.
Perhaps this Qiang child was already accustomed to this, so he did not raise his head or look at the galloping stagecoach. However, Du Fu stared at the running horse thoughtfully for a long time.
When Du Fu walked down the city, the rain had stopped. Qinzhou City was bright and bright, and everything was clean. A child was singing a song while kicking the trees on the roadside one by one. Every time he kicked, another light rain fell on the tree. He left behind a feeling of loneliness along the way. There were also some children who rolled up their pants and played barefoot in the water. Their elder was busy scooping water out of the yard with a basin. Du Fu crossed the street and entered a small hotel.
Du Fu is a person who loves nature. He is a poet. He has the nature of a poet who likes to travel to famous mountains all his life. When his life in Qinzhou becomes more stable and the weather becomes nice, he will definitely go sightseeing at several nearby scenic spots.
Du Fu made a special trip to Qinzhou to see the places he wore on his hemp shoes. Judging from his Qinzhou poems, it seems that it was Kaixiao Palace first and then Nanshan Temple. Nanshan Temple is now Nanguo Temple.
Many years later, Mr. Liu Jin of Tianshui TV station’s commentary for the TV film "Snowstorm Nanguo Temple" gave a vivid description of Du Fu’s trip to Nanguo Temple: "For many years, Nanguo Temple has been quiet. Standing quietly at the foot of Huiyin Mountain outside Qinzhou City, enduring the slow passage of time, as if just waiting for the arrival of one person."
Now, this person named Du Fu is here.
He walked into the red gate of Nanguo Temple around dusk to listen to the gurgling sound of Beiliu Spring and touch the vigorous cypress tree in the atrium. He saw autumn flowers blooming close to the dangerous stone, taking advantage of the masculine strength of the dangerous stone to show their softness. Dangerous rocks stand tall and strange in shape. The setting sun is like gold, pouring on the grass. There is a broken bell lying silently in the grass. The moist mountain wind blew in and stirred up Du Fu's thoughts, so Du Fu couldn't help but blurt out:
The water in Nanguo Temple on the top of the mountain is called Beiliu Spring.
The old tree can be found in the empty courtyard, and the clear canal can be passed down in one city.
Autumn flowers bloom on the rock bottom, and the evening scene lies beside the clock.
Looking down at my life experience, the wind in the stream is rustling.
Speaking of Du Fu’s poems about Nanguo Temple, we have to talk about Li Bai’s poems about Nanguo Temple.
Qinzhou was the western frontier of the Tang Dynasty at that time. Since entering the Tang Dynasty, Qinzhou has become the first important town west of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty due to its geographical location at Longyou Pass. Whether they were civil servants or military generals, when they left Beijing, their first stop was Qinzhou. Just talking about poets, Wang Wei, who sang "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, the sun sets over the long river", and the frontier poets Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others who "would rather be a centurion than a scholar" all stayed in the border town of Qinzhou. . It can be said that Tianshui was an important town for the heroes of the Tang Dynasty when they went west to the extinct territory. It was the first memory that made the heroes cry after they said goodbye to Xianyang. And Li Bai, who claimed to be "fifteen years of good swordsmanship, has spread all over the princes. Thirty percent of articles have served as ministers. Although he is less than seven feet tall, he is ambitious." Since his ancestral home is Qinzhou, Li Bai is likely to have done it before Du Fu. Been to Qinzhou. According to research, Li Bai once left a poem in Nanguo Temple:
Since then, the dust has risen, the mountains are high, the moon is cold, and the nights are cold.
The bottom of the East Spring is crystal clear, and the top of the West Tower reaches the sky.
The lamp on the Buddha's seat is always bright, and the incense in the meditation room is half burning.
There are three or five groups of old monks and cypress trees that are thousands of years old.
However, this poem is mediocre after all, and it is most likely a forgery by later generations.
Li Bai was at home all over the world throughout his life, flying the sails of poetry between Chu and Han, and most of them have poems to prove it, but his trip to his hometown in Qinzhou - if he really came Passed - but it was really quiet. Li Bai left a big blank and regret in the history of Qinzhou.
Soon, Du Fu lived in Tianshui. China's two greatest poets, for some reason, have an inexplicable and mysterious connection with Qinzhou.
Nanguo Temple originally had a Du Fu ancestral hall. There are three statues of Du Fu and his attendants in the temple. Du Fu's portrait is rich, elegant, and quite gentlemanly. This should be the image in people's minds.
There are also fresh seasonal fruits on the offering table, and the incense is constantly burning. There is a couplet outside the door of Du Fu's ancestral hall: "The full moon in Longtou sings the beauty, and the autumn wind on the road of Shu brings many tears." It condenses and vividly summarizes Du Fu's desolate days and months in Qinzhou and the difficult journey to Chengdu.
In recent years, a statue of Du Fu has been built in Nanguo Temple, and Song Wan's collection of Du Fu's Qinzhou poems in Wang Xi's words, the so-called "Er Miaoxuan", has been engraved in Nanguo Temple, which has become a favorite of Qinzhou people. One of the best ways to commemorate Du Fu. There is a poem by Song Wan directly titled "Shaoling", which is recorded here as a thought: "Shaoling lives in a hidden place, and the ancient house is covered with berries and moss. On the cliffs and stars, stormy waves and wind and rain come. When people go from the Three Gorges, the earth enters the Seven Songs Sad. I want to make a poem to summon the soul, and I will return to it when I am in exile."
Nanguo Temple was Du Fu's physical and mental "retreat" in Qinzhou.
Du Fu in Qinzhou Part 5: Collecting Herbal Medicines
On the morning of the market day in Qinzhou City, an old man collecting medicinal herbs from Qinzhou set up his stall early. He was sitting on a half-section of green bricks rubbing a straw rope, next to a pile of green ice grass. The twisted straw ropes were coiled into a pile behind him.
Soon Du Fu and his servant Du An came with their own medicine. Du Fu smiled and said to the old man: "Good morning, old man!" The old man saw that it was Du Fu and pointed to a place circled by four bricks next to him. Du Fu said: "The old man has troubled himself. He has been in poor health for the past two days and has been late in getting up." Du Fu set up his medicine stall, and then he and the old man learned to twist the straw rope and chatted.
We can imagine: Du Fu's servant Du An must be better at selling medicine than Du Fu, and he is a more competent clerk, while Du Fu should be a stupid shopkeeper.
During his life, Du Fu planted, collected, dried and even sold medicines. "According to scholars' research, when Du Fu lived in Qinzhou, he made a living by digging herbs and hanging pots to practice medicine." (Gao Tianyou, "An Annotation of Du Fu's Poems in Longshu" Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, 2002, p56) What can be imagined is: "Medicine Life" " is a very important content of Du Fu's life during his time in Qinzhou, in addition to the self-evident "poetry life" - writing Qinzhou poems and the "viewing life" - traveling to the mountains and rivers.
So, for Du Fu who came to Qinzhou in the autumn of 759 AD, we cannot just regard him as a traveler or refugee in the general sense, but should see that every time he was rickety in Qinzhou His arrival at least showed his two identities: a poet who resigned from office and traveled far away; and an herb gatherer wearing a scarf and long gown, with a medicine basket on his shoulder and a hoe in his hand.
However, Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qinzhou has not received much attention from scholars. For example, Mr. Feng Zhi's reprint of "The Biography of Du Fu" included at the end of Mr. Feng's research on Du Fu an alternative text - the novel - "White Hair and Black Silk". When describing Du Fu selling medicine in Tanzhou (Changsha), he intentionally or unintentionally Bypassing the "memory" of Du Fu selling medicine in Qinzhou:
...
Du Fu listened carefully to this passage.
While the old fisherman was giving Du Fu advice, Du Fu was thinking, I am experienced in selling medicine. When I was in Chang'an, I sold medicine in the mansions of princes and nobles. At that time, I sold medicine among some officials. Now I am living in Tanzhou. Why can't I sell medicine to the people? He didn't wait for the fisherman to finish what he added, and repeated what the fisherman said before, "It can cure patients." , and you can buy some rice back.”
This means that he accepted the fisherman's suggestion.
In this paragraph, Feng Zhi mentioned Du Fu's selling medicine in Chang'an and Du Fu's selling medicine in Chengdu, but did not mention Du Fu's selling medicine in Qinzhou - not even " The word "Longyou" was never mentioned. Isn't it true that in Qinzhou, where life was extremely difficult, Du Fu's motivation for selling medicine, "it can both cure patients and buy some rice", was not more urgent and typical than in Chengdu?
Then Feng Zhi, in the section of his "Biography of Du Fu" devoted to describing Du Fu's life in Longyou, that is, "Border Police and Dangerous Mountains and Rivers in Longyou", he described Du Fu's "medicine life" in Longyou. How to describe and evaluate it?
He said: "But life cannot be completely dependent on others, so he restarted the medicine-selling life he had run in Chang'an to maintain his food and clothing. We often read in his poems about Qinzhou After reading poems about collecting herbs and making medicine, he also dreamed about how great it would be to irrigate a prosperous medicinal garden with water that is more fragrant than milk. ”
He finally noticed Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qinzhou. However, from his understanding of Du Fu's motivation for selling medicine to "maintain his food and clothing", it can be seen that Feng Zhi had a deep understanding of Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qinzhou. Life", the narrative is still simple, and the thinking is still superficial-he has not carried out in-depth thinking about Du Fu's "medicine life". Because Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qinzhou - collecting medicine, drying medicine, making medicine and even selling medicine - seems to be an expedient and economic behavior forced by life. In fact, this kind of poet sells medicine - and It is not just ordinary businessmen selling medicine or mountain people selling medicine - it has left us more intriguing information about Du Fu's life and thoughts.
From the perspective of Qinzhou poetry, Du Fu's "medicine life" should be based on a life longing for a hermit life - "poetic dwelling" - influenced by Du Fu's Taoism, and is closely related to the modern Chinese Mr. Lu Xun Abandoning medicine and following literature - giving up attention to physical life and turning to paying attention to people's soul world - on the contrary, in ancient China, some people often gave up politics and became doctors, or abandoned literature and became doctors - giving up Society and return to nature, abandon progress and turn to seclusion. Moreover, burning, collecting, and even drying medicine was a relatively elegant and romantic way of life generally recognized by Du Fu and other cultural figures at that time. Perhaps it was a "hobby" when they traveled around the mountains and rivers of their motherland. Nature’s way of talking. Just as the sword is a symbol of life and an image of life for martial arts people, "medicine" should also be a symbol of life and an image of life for the cultural people who liked pastoral landscapes at that time. Otherwise, Jia Dao's poem "Panasonic asked the boy, and asked the teacher to collect medicine. Only in this mountain, the clouds are deep and I don't know where it is" would not have spread like wildfire and been recited by people. Another point that needs to be noted is that Du Fu's "medicine life" is the choice of a benevolent person derived from Du Fu's Confucianism. Ancient Chinese intellectuals knew astronomy from above, geography from below, and human affairs from below - including a brief knowledge of medicine - as their model of knowledge structure. People often refer to "good doctors", "confucian scholars" and "excellent officials" Connected together.
In fact, there are many literati who like to understand medicine and have some knowledge of medicine, such as Su Dongpo