From the song of autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage written by Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the bitter experience that the author's hut was damaged by the autumn wind and the whole family was caught in the rain, expressing his inner feelings and embodying the poet's lofty ideological realm of worrying about the country and the people. It is a typical work in Du Fu's poems.
Full text:
The autumn wind broke the hut.
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place at the head of the bed, and my feet are soaked like hemp by the rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor in the world, with a spring breeze and a mountain of wind and rain. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
Vernacular translation
In August, it is already late autumn, and the wind is howling. The wind blew away several layers of thatch on my roof. The thatched grass flew across Huanhuaxi and scattered on the other side of the river. The high-flying thatch is wrapped around the high treetops, and the low-flying thatch floats and sinks into ponds and depressions.
A group of children in Nancun bullied me, so they had the heart to be "thieves" to grab things face to face and run into the bamboo forest with thatch in their arms. I'm thirsty and I can't stop drinking. When I came back, I sighed alone on crutches.
After a while, the wind stopped and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. In late autumn, the sky becomes dark and foggy. This cloth has been covered for years, cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child's sleeping posture is not good and the quilt is torn. When it rains, the roof leaks, and there is no dry place at home. The rain on the roof keeps leaking down like hemp thread.
Since the Anshi Rebellion, I haven't slept much. The nights are long, the house leaks and the bed is wet. How can I stay up until dawn?
How can we get thousands of spacious and tall houses, generally shelter the poor people in the world and make them smile, while the houses are unmoved in the wind and rain, as stable as Mount Tai? Alas! When will such a towering house appear in front of me? At that time, even if my hut is blown down by the autumn wind, I will willingly freeze to death myself!
This poem is contained in Complete Tang Poems, Volume 2 19. The following are the main points of appreciation of this poem by Professor Huo, a Chinese classical literature expert, literary theorist and director of the Institute of Literature of Shaanxi Normal University.
This poem is about his own hut, but it shows his feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
A word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, which makes the next sentence not only full of action, but also full of strong feelings. The poet finally built the hut, and just settled down, but the autumn wind deliberately opposed him, whistling and rolling up layers of thatch. How can he not make the poet extremely anxious?
One after another, the dynamics of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "falling", "hanging" and "drifting" not only constitute vivid pictures, but also touch the poet's sight and touch his heartstrings. The genius of the poet lies in that he does not express his feelings abstractly, but reflects his feelings in an objective description.
After reading these poems, readers can clearly see a thin and ragged old man standing outside the house on crutches, watching the roaring autumn wind roll up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing through Jiang Fa and spreading all over the suburbs by the river; And his anxiety and resentment about the broken house caused by the strong wind can't help but arouse the reader's spirit.
"Being able to face a thief" means: I have a heart to be a thief in front of my eyes! This just shows the resentment of the poet who was bullied because he was "old and weak", and it is not true that "Quner" was accused of being a "thief" and wanted to sue the government for crimes. So "my lips are so dry that I can't breathe", and there is nothing I can do.
The lofty aspiration of "owning endless buildings and protecting the faces of the poor in the world" is based on the reality of "being poor all over the world".
The word "self" in "self-sighing" hurts! The poet's unfortunate experience was only his own sigh, which did not arouse others' sympathy and help, so the desalination of the world style was intentionally outside the words, so the content of his "sigh" was very profound. When he was devastated by the wind, homeless and unable to get sympathy and help from others, he clearly thought of countless poor people in similar situations.
The phrase "clothes are cold and iron for many years, jiao zi lies with her feet cracked" cannot be written by an author with poor life experience. It is worth noting that this is not only a worn-out cloth quilt, but also a preparation for later writing. In Chengdu in August, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the rain is endless" that I feel cold.
Du Fu described his own sufferings in this poem, but when the reader finished reading the last verse, he realized that he did not describe his own sufferings in isolation and simply, but expressed the sufferings of society and times by describing his own sufferings, thus expressing the sufferings of the "poor people in the world".
In the autumn night when the wind and rain hit mercilessly, the poet's mind was not only troubled by "my hut was broken alone", but also by "human pity" Du Fu's ardent feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his lofty ideal of urgently demanding to change the dark reality have been exciting readers' hearts for thousands of years and played a positive role.
Extended data:
Creation background
This poem was written in August of 76 1 year (the second year of Tang Suzong Shangyuan). In the autumn of 759 AD (in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), and then to Baling via Tonggu (now Chengxian, Gansu). In the spring of 760 AD (three years), Du Fu asked for relatives and built a small house near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and finally got a place to live.
Unexpectedly, in August of 76 1 year (the second year of Shangyuan), a strong wind broke the house and a rainstorm followed. At that time, the Anshi Rebellion had not subsided, and the poet linked his experience with the hardships of Wanfang since the war and wrote this well-known poem, which kept him awake all night.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shanzhai was blown by autumn wind.