The artistic feature of prose is the blending of scenes, and the author's emotions are pinned on specific situations, so the author often has many ways to deal with these situations. In the teaching process, teachers guide students to master these methods through corresponding guidance, which is very important to help students learn to read and understand prose. It is summarized as follows in order to teach it to a generous family.
1, preferred
Different scenery naturally creates different situations, but the choice of scenery should be consistent with the emotional tone of the full text, so that the article can be integrated with the scenery.
For example, in the second, fifth and sixth paragraphs of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, a lot of ink was used to write all the trees on the road and by the pond, but only poplar and willow were mentioned many times. Some of them had names, some didn't mention anything, and some "didn't know their names". Why does the author handle it this way? Because this article is to show the author's dissatisfaction with reality, the faint sadness of fantasy detachment, the faint joy of stealing a moment, and its atmosphere is quiet and quiet, so it is most appropriate to choose feminine plants Yang and Liu to express the simple and hazy artistic conception.
Another example is autumn in the old capital. Because the author pursues a clear, quiet and sad state of mind, he does not write warm red leaves in Xiangshan, nor do he write about parks and shopping malls where tourists are everywhere. Instead, I rented a shabby house to live in. Facing the blue morning glory with a broken waist, I thought that the color of the flower was blue or white, followed by purple and black, and the reddish one was the lowest. The rest of the scenery is also dominated by cool colors. This shows the author's painstaking efforts.
Step 2 combine
The combination of a single scene should win with a panoramic view. For example, in the fourth natural section of the banyan tree in my hometown, streams, pebbles, girls, ducks, stone bridges, stone tablets and small stone lions constitute a unique pastoral scenery, full of poetry and painting. Some articles contrast people's activities with monotonous natural scenery. For example, the "Cave Rain Play" in "Landscape Talk" shows the inner life of a man and a woman having a heart-to-heart conversation with a dreary rainy day, a lonely barren mountain and a primitive cave dwelling, and also makes nature colorful at once. In fact, there are more such famous sentences in ancient poetry. Walking in the morning on the good side of the mountain, the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on Banqiao is left out in the cold, outlines the artistic conception of the eastern countryside at dawn with six typical images, and vividly writes "Walking in the morning", which is really picturesque in poetry. Another example is Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si", which says, "The old vine is faint and the bridge is flowing. The old road is thin, the sun is setting, and heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " 10 The noun is touching the scene, desolate and sad, and the image of a wanderer in a foreign land is lonely. The above poems don't use verbs, they all use nouns.
Step 3 set the environment
In other words, the scene of the painting is set in a specific atmosphere, and the background of a specific background color makes the picture completely out. For example, the "charming summer pasture" in Tianshan Mountain Scenery, the sunset and red light give the mountains, grasslands, yurts, cattle and shepherds brilliant warm colors, showing the richness and tranquility of a thousand miles of pasture and the joy of herders. The sunset and red light here are the background colors at dusk. In Landscape Talk, the scenery itself is plain when flowers are picked without peaches, but the young people in the tea house make the scenery worth nostalgia, which shows the lofty spirit of human beings to fill the natural poverty, highlights the people who have a full life in the world to get their hands on and dominate the scenery, and well embodies the theme of the article.
4. Contrast and contrast
The scenery in prose is sometimes difficult to express its unique charm by direct description, so the author often uses the method of contrast to make the music beautiful. For example, in green, the green shade of Meiyu Pool is suitable, the light and shade are moderate, the poplar in Shichahai, Beijing is too light, the green wall of Hupao Temple in Hangzhou is too thick, the waves in West Lake are too bright, and the water in Qinhuai River is too dark. Camel Bell in the Desert selects extremely monotonous plane images such as long yellow sand, noisy hot air and camel's dead bones, which are in sharp contrast with camel array, scarlet flag and sweet bell, making the realm full of vitality and exciting. In addition, "Scenery of Tianshan Mountain" uses the sun shadow to line the dense branches and leaves of the forest, the sound of water to line the quietness, the birdsong to line the depth, and the red light to line the darkness to show that the trees in Tianshan Mountain are tall and dense, and the same is true.
5. Imagination and association
Some scenery is ordinary, and there is no special attraction. The picture is static, and the thinking space that can be expanded is very small. However, the essayist can not be confined to the narrow space and time, but skillfully arranges to turn decay into magic and make the picture move and live. Here, imagination and association become the necessary treatment. In Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the phrase "Suddenly Thinking of Picking Lotus" brought the author and readers from the Tsinghua campus to a remote water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and brought them to a picturesque and wonderful realm. It is with imagination and association that the author creates a poetic artistic atmosphere, which enables readers to get wonderful artistic enjoyment.
In addition, imagination and association are often manifested in quoting myths and legends. Because the pure scenery itself is mostly static and contemporary, while the ancient myths and legends have a sense of historical depth and richer connotations because of their long history and more magical romance. For example, Scenery of Tianshan Mountain reminds us of the tears shed by Kazakh girls from the natural lake, which not only points out the magic of the lake, but also compares misfortune and happiness, showing that the life of Tianshan herders has undergone earth-shaking changes. The goddess of Wushan in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, carrying Qu Yuan's big fish, climbing Mount Tai's shampoo basin in the rain, and swimming in the bay are also evidence.
Prose wins with scenery, moves people with emotion, and finds the key to enter the prose hall, which is indispensable for accurately understanding the meaning of the text. This is the role of mastering the prose description method.