Original text and appreciation of "Poems, Songs and Prose: Psalms and Songs about Pines in Ji Zhong"
Xie Daoyun
Looking at the pines on the mountain from a distance, they cannot wither in the middle of winter.
I would like to swim down the river and see thousands of miles of it.
The leap failed to rise, and Wang Qiao stopped.
I am not with you at this time, and the great fortune is in jeopardy.
Wife of Wang Ningzhi, an internal historian in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. In 399 AD, Sun En invaded Kuaiji and "heard that his husband and his disciples" were killed. He drew his sword and went out to fight, killing several people with his hands, but was captured due to the disparity in numbers. Since you live in Kuaiji, "everyone at home is serious." He has a quick mind and is good at poetry and poetry, and is quite famous for his poetry. The original collection of two volumes has been lost, and only a few poems and essays have been circulated. Mr. Xie is a person with a relaxed expression, elegant and detached, and has the style of a forest.
"Ode to the Pines in Ji Zhong" is a love poem that expresses the poet's detached love poem through the works of Imitation Youxian. imitate, imitate. Ji Zhongsan is Ji Kang, a famous writer and philosopher in the late Wei Dynasty. Because he once served as a doctor in Zhongsan, he was called Ji Zhongsan in his later life. "Yong Song" refers to Ji Kang's "Poetry on Traveling Immortals". The poem begins with "Looking at the pines on the mountain in the distance, the valley is lush and green." It begins with "How high can I be, independent and unparalleled", and describes "I"'s apprenticeship with Huang Lao, the process of taking the magical medicine to change my appearance, and the scene of making friends with Kunlun and having a romantic relationship with Lingxiao after abandoning the mundane world. Xie named it "Ode to the Pines".
The first four lines of the poem are "Wishful Thoughts" and the last four lines are "Looking at the pines on the mountain. It cannot wither in the middle of winter. I would like to swim down and take a rest, looking at the thousands of rivers. "In ancient Chinese literature, there are many works on the subject. Looking at these works, most of them take the theme of the work being proposed as the theme and develop the lyrics in the order of the plot of the work being proposed. But this work only uses other words The fantasy of immortality flourishes and ends with disappointment. This is not only very different from the original work in theme, but also has a unique style in the creation of simulated works. In ancient Chinese culture, pine and cypress are often associated with steadfastness and longevity. Symbol of. Confucius said: "When the weather is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither. "Zuo Fen of the Western Jin Dynasty said in "Song and Bai Fu": "The obedience of the gentleman is similar to the resistance of chastity of the real person. The red pine swims under it to achieve enlightenment, and the civilized guests eat in a practical way and live forever. "It is precisely because the ancients gave the house a human character and various magical legends that it is called a "spiritual tree", and the house is often connected with gods. The "distant look" here is based on the fairy family and the gods. The artistic realm created by various Taoist legends. Midwinter, severe winter. Withering, withering, here means to wither, which means to destroy. The pines on the mountain stand proudly, facing the severe frost and the scorching heat. The three words "cannot wither" are not only a tribute to the spirit of resistance to "pine on the mountain", but also an expression of the yearning for life in the mountains. Only in this way can we have "wishes". The origin of the motivations of "thinking" and "looking at the other side". Rest, here is the meaning of "house" and residence. The poet said in the poem "Ascending" that he hopes to stay in the mountains and forests: "The mountains in the east of E'e are high and beautiful. Soaring to the sky. The empty space in the middle of the rock is lonely and mysterious. If you are not a craftsman, you are not a craftsman. The clouds are natural. What kind of weather is it that makes me move again and again? The deceased general can stay in Siyu for the rest of his days. "Although the house and the place of residence mentioned here are caves in the mountains, the so-called "virtual world" rather than "Panasonic", they are the same in terms of their desire to abandon material desires and get rid of the burden of dust. Ten Thousand Ren refers to the length of the pine tree branches. "Looking at the ten thousand Ren" under the neck pine means hoping to break away from the world and become friends with the immortals.
Although the first four sentences. It is taken from the first six sentences of Ji Kang's "Poetry on Immortals", but its focus is different. "The valley is lush and green", focusing on "shape", while "the winter cannot wither" focuses on "spirit"; "Think" and "Road" describe the contradiction between subjectivity and objectivity, while "Wish to think" and "Look into the future" describe the goal that the subjective intention hopes to achieve. It is through the change of the perspective of vision that the poet changes the relationship between the poems The use of the verbs "wither", "Qi" and "Zhan" makes the poem new and effective, thus preparing the transition for the following four sentences.
< p> "Yi Wen Lei Ju" quoted "Song Gaoshan Ji" as saying: "There are big pine trees in Songshan Mountain, which may be a hundred years old or a thousand years old." It also quoted from "Xian Jing" as saying: "There is a stone hole under the big rock in the southeast of Song Gao Mountain. There is a square garden." Zhang, five or six miles from the west to the north, there is a large room, more than 30 feet high, with three hundred steps around, and there are naturally bright candles, which look like the sun and the moon. There are sixteen immortals among them, with childlike eyes... They cannot be seen unless they are enlightened. "Although the theory of immortals is the nonsense of the immortal family, in the feudal era when Xuan, Taoism and Buddhism were prevalent, especially in the era of social turmoil, political darkness, rapid changes in gains and losses, and the uncertainty of people's life and death, the nonsense of the immortal Taoist priests and Legendary famous mountains such as Songshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain have often become the ideal realm and spiritual paradise for people who seek to enjoy human desires with their existing bodies, those who are frustrated in officialdom, those who see through the world of mortals, those who are dissatisfied with reality but unable to change it, and so on. Therefore, the mountains the poet looks at and the pines he sings about here are not general terms, but allude to "immortals" and "immortal capitals" such as Songshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountains, as well as the "spiritual trees" growing on such mountains. Scenery in the middle.In feudal society, the world is full of injustice and contradictions are everywhere.
The following four sentences shift from beautiful "wishes" to expressions of resentment.
"The leap failed to rise, and I stopped until Wang Qiao. The time is not mine, and the great fortune is precarious." Ji Kang's "Poetry on Traveling to Immortals" said that when the "I" in the work wants to "wander" But I couldn't. When I was very anxious, I happened to meet the immortal Wang Qiao "riding six dragons on a cloud" passing by. Under his inspiration, I "drifted and played in Xuanpu, and met Huang Lao on the road." Huang Lao "taught me the way of nature, Kuang Lao." "If you are a child, you will pick medicine from Zhongshan Corner and take it to change your appearance." Finally, "the cicada sheds its filth and tiredness, and makes friends with the sycamore tree", becoming an immortal on Kunlun Mountain and enjoying the bliss that has never been seen in the mortal world. The poet has no such luck. Leap, jump. Ascend, ascend to the void, fly into space. Wait. Wang Qiao is the legendary Immortal Prince Qiao. One theory is that it was Prince Jin of Zhou Ling Wang. Because he was good at playing the sheng to make the phoenix sing, he was led by Fuqiu to Mount Song to practice, and later he became a god and ascended to heaven. The poet hopes that he can be inspired by Wang Qiao like the "I" in Ji Kang's poem. But the longing waiting was full of love and affection. The two words "leap" and "stomp" vividly describe the poet's anxious state of longing for the cave, pursuing the joy of heaven, and longing for "the cicada to shed its filthy tiredness", creating a story of a man suffering from mental torture in the storm. Female image. Time flies by, Wang Qiao is ruthless, and in a blink of an eye, the year of the storm is here. This is why the poet is not anxious! However, waiting eagerly and beating his chest in anxiety are all in vain. Why is this? The poet cannot find the answer. So I had to blame it on fate. Hours, days, years. Without me, it seems that time waits for no one. Fortune, destiny, fate, everything. If, as if. Drifting, drifting, there is a different meaning here. As for the poet's situation in his later years, since the original biography of "Book of Jin" is not clear, we don't know, but judging from the situation that "everyone in the family is serious" after losing his husband and son, the statement of "being shaken by the great distance" must not be *** The literary language of the period. It was the darkness of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the misfortune brought to her by the ruling class's endless grabbing of material desires that made her feel that flying was better than the earth, and thus she had "the constant love in the world, the transcendent high emotion" (Sun Chuo's "You") "Tiantai Mountain Ode")'s desire for transcendence. Two sentences: "Shi Zai" and "Great Luck". It describes the poet's sad state of longing for transcendence but unable to achieve it.
This poem begins with hope and ends with lament. In the narration of hope, words such as "looking into the distance" and "wishing to think" are used to create the tendency of looking at the clouds during the severe drought, paving the way for the following narrative. Then he changed the direction of his writing and used expressive words such as "leap" and "stamp one's feet" to outline the process of wanting to "swim" without any plan and lamenting, so that the first four sentences and the last four sentences formed a strong emotional contrast. The contrast started to stop abruptly, resulting in emotional ups and downs, which were repeated in succession. The last two sentences are even more lingering, and the words are exhausted but the meaning is endless. Zhong Xing of the Ming Dynasty said: This poem is "elegant without any fuss, and it is based on imitation." ("The Return of the Poetry of a Lady") This can be said to be a perfect theory. Of course, the thoughts expressed in the poem are negative, but from a historical perspective, it reflects the darkness of Eastern Jin society from one side.