1. China is the natural distribution center of Lilium plants. There are about 1 species of Lilium plants in the world, of which more than 43 are native to China, with rich species and many endemic species.
There are hairy lilies in Heilongjiang in the north, Xinjiang lilies in the west, and Taiwanese lilies in Taiwan Province in the southeast, including wild lilies, Minjiang lilies, Yichang lilies, Tongjiang lilies, wodan lilies, purple lilies, rose lilies, garlic lilies, Dali lilies, Hubei lilies, Nanchuan lilies, Baoxing lilies, Sichuan lilies, * * * lilies, green lilies and Xiangcheng lilies. 2. Many endemic species are widely distributed, and the vast distribution area with rich biodiversity resources and ever-changing natural habitats provide favorable conditions for the formation of species diversity.
Many lily species have many natural varieties and ecotypes in their distribution areas, which are important genetic and breeding parent materials. Lilium yunnanense is distributed in northwest Yunnan and west Sichuan, and there are 4 natural varieties in the distribution area.
Wild lilies are distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang. Lilium striatum is produced in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Jilin, and there are 5 varieties in nature.
Lilium pubescens is produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. The hybrid lines obtained by crossing it with L.maculatum abroad have produced many excellent hybrid lines for flower beds and cut flowers, and some varieties have adaptability to light calcareous soil.
Sichuan lily is produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and Hubei, and has been widely cultivated. In addition to the edible varieties of Lilium davidii and Lilium davidii in China, this species has cultivated some cultivated varieties under cultivation conditions, such as' Ms. Bonai',' Dahuachuan' and' Queen Charlotte'.
Hubei lily is produced in Hubei, Jiangxi and Guizhou. This species has crossed with wild lily, lily with yellow flower, lily with purple ridge, lily with deer seed and lily with Tongjiang river, and obtained many beautiful and famous hybrids.
For example, the well-known' Black Beauty' is its hybrid with Lilium davidii. Lilium lancifolium is the most widely distributed and adaptable natural triploid in Lilium in China. Pollination with some Asian Lilium species has interspecific compatibility.
For example,' Meili' and' Prince of Connecticut', which are still famous in the cultivation of cut flowers, are both varieties of medieval hybrid lines obtained by crossing Lilium lancifolium, Lilium hirsutum and Dutch hybrid Lilium. Sayuri is produced in the south and southeast of China, in the northwest and west of Yunnan, in the west of Sichuan, and also in Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.
There are two varieties, which are important provenances for cultivating miniature Sayuri. Lilium purpurea is produced in southern Yunnan and western Yunnan, and there are three varieties with different leaf types and colors.
Shandan is produced in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shandong, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin, and has strong resistance to Fusarium and leaf blight. In modern breeding, Shandan plays an important role, and its hybridization with Dutch lily and European lily has been successful.
Lily from Minjiang River is produced in Sichuan and widely cultivated in the world, which is a precious breeding material in lily disease resistance breeding. Hybrids were obtained by crossing it with Lilium tenuifolium, Lilium lanzhouense and Lilium roseum.
medicinal lily is distributed in Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, which is one of the beautiful species and an important parent of many famous lilies in modern times. Lilium brownii is produced in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi, and there are many variations in color types.
It got new hybrids by crossing with Hubei Lily and Minjiang Lily. Lily from Qingdao is produced in Shandong, Anhui and North Korea.
L.'Nepera' obtained by crossing it with L.'Terrace City' is a new hybrid popularized in the United States in recent years. People all know that lily is a delicious food and a traditional medicinal material in China, with a wide variety and high economic value.
However, its important position in agriculture mainly lies in its ornamental value, so people have listed it as one of the world famous flowers. The earliest record of lily in China can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. Zhang Zhongjing, an ancient Chinese physician, described the medicinal value of lily in detail in the "Lily Diseases" in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, pointing out that it can play a role in clearing away heat, detoxifying and moistening the lungs.
In the 7th century A.D., Emperor Yi of the Northern and Southern Dynasties praised the lily in this way: "The leaves are multiple, the flowers are the same color, the dew is drooping, and the willow is smothered from the wind." It seems that this should be the earliest description of the beautiful posture of the lily. Lily has also been recorded in Tang and Song Dynasties.
In 1688, the book "Flower Mirror" explained the ornamental and medicinal value of Lily and Shandan, but it was a late thing. Some countries think that the narrative in "Flower Mirror" is the earliest record of lily in Chinese history, which is incorrect.
The earliest record of lilies in Japan was from 642 to 645 AD. In 72 AD, there was a record of lilies as a tribute to the emperor, which shows the precious degree of lilies. There are two long songs and seven short songs praising lilies in The Collection of Leaves in 758 AD, and people often use the embroidery of lilies as works of art..
Lily cultivation in Japan began in the late Tokugawa period (about the beginning of the 19th century), was popularized in Meiji period (the end of the 19th century), and was exported in Taisho period. By the 193s, Japan's lily bulbs had been exported to many countries in the world, with a peak of 4 million bulbs per year.
There are also many records of lilies in European history. The Song of Songs in the Old Testament says, "His lover is as white as a lily in the valley ...".
The Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament says, "Lilies surpass the splendor of Solomon (King Paul) ...". In the ritual death of Christianity, lily is an indispensable flower, especially at Easter and Christmas, which appears as a symbol of pure girls, but most of the lilies used in Europe at that time were called pure white lilies (also known as MacDonald lilies).
At the end of the 19th century, the musk lily was introduced to Europe and America. Because of its white color, elegant fragrance and easy control of flowering period, it generally replaced the original types such as pure white lily. At present, almost every family in Europe and America will put a pot of musk lily on Easter, so people call it Easter lily because it promotes cultivation and blooms in spring.
Since the 12th century, lilies have been the patterns on the national emblem of France. There is also a bunch of lilies on the national emblem of Chile, which is a symbol of the independence and freedom of the Chilean people.
in Europe and America. Where are the most lilies in China? Where is it called "Lily Valley" in China? Where are the most lilies
"Lily Valley" See "Lily Blossoms in the Heart" (Taiwan Province) In a remote valley in Lin Qingxuan, there is a cliff as high as several thousands of feet.
is the natural distribution center of Lilium plants. There are about 1 species of Lilium plants in the world, of which more than 43 are native to China, with rich species and many endemic species. There are hairy lilies in Heilongjiang in the north, Xinjiang lilies in the west, and Taiwanese lilies in Taiwan Province in the southeast. Among them, wild lilies, Minjiang lilies, Yichang lilies, Tongjiang lilies, wodan lilies, purple lilies, rose lilies, garlic lilies, Dali lilies, Hubei lilies, Nanchuan lilies, Baoxing lilies, Sichuan lilies, * * * lilies, and rural lilies are all endemic to China.
2. Many endemic species are widely distributed, with abundant biodiversity resources and ever-changing natural habitats, which provide favorable conditions for the formation of species diversity. Many lily species have many natural varieties and ecotypes in their distribution areas, which are important genetic and breeding parent materials.
Lilium yunnanense is distributed in northwest Yunnan and west Sichuan, and there are 4 natural varieties in the distribution area. Wild lily is distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang.
Lilium striatum is produced in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Jilin, and there are 5 varieties in nature. Lilium pubescens is produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei.
many excellent hybrid lines for flower beds and cut flowers have been produced by crossing it with culatum abroad, and some varieties have adaptability to light calcareous soil. Sichuan lily is produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and Hubei, and has been widely cultivated.
In addition to the edible varieties of Lilium davidii and Lilium davidii in China, this species has cultivated some cultivated varieties under cultivation conditions, such as' Ms. Bonai',' Dahuachuan' and' Queen Charlotte'. Hubei Lily is produced in Hubei, Jiangxi and Guizhou.
This species has crossed with wild lily, lily with yellow flower, lily with purple ridge, lily with deer seed and lily with Tongjiang river, and obtained many beautiful and famous hybrids. For example, the famous' black beauty' is its hybrid with deer lily.
Lilium lancifolium is the natural triploid with the widest distribution and the strongest adaptability in China. Some Asian lily species are pollinated, and all of them have interspecific compatibility. For example,' Meili' and' Prince of Connecticut', which are still famous in the cultivation of cut flowers, are both varieties of medieval hybrid lines obtained by crossing Lilium lancifolium, Lilium hirsutum and Dutch hybrid lilies.
Sayuri is produced in the south and southeast of China, in the northwest and west of Yunnan, in the west of Sichuan, and also in Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. There are two varieties, which are important provenances for cultivating miniature Sayuri.
Lilium purpurea is produced in southern Yunnan and western Yunnan, and there are three varieties with different leaf types and colors. Shandan is produced in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shandong, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin, and has strong resistance to Fusarium and leaf blight.
Shandan plays an important role in modern breeding, and its hybridization with Dutch lily and European lily has been successful. Lily from Minjiang River is produced in Sichuan and widely cultivated in the world, which is a precious breeding material in lily disease resistance breeding.
hybrids were obtained by crossing it with Lilium tenuifolium, Lilium lanzhouense and Lilium roseum. Medicinal lily is distributed in Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangxi provinces. It is one of the beautiful species and an important parent of many famous lilies in modern times.
Lilium brownii is produced in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi, and there are many variations in color types. It has obtained new hybrids by crossing with Hubei Lily and Minjiang Lily.
Qingdao lily is produced in Shandong, Anhui and Korea. L.'Nepera' obtained by crossing it with L.'Terrace City' is a new hybrid popularized in the United States in recent years.
3. The survival of lily species with small distribution area or narrow ecological adaptability has been increasingly threatened by human and non-human beings. (1) Threats directly from human beings: the development of railways and highways, the construction of houses in industrial and mining enterprises, land reclamation and continuous blind introduction and excavation of bulbs, resulting in the devastating demise of bulbs.
Flowering plants near paths, roadsides or scenic spots are randomly picked up or deliberately pulled up by flower lovers. Similar destruction year after year, so that population reproduction is seriously threatened.
(2) Non-human threats: ① Physical and chemical pollution directly harms the survival of lily population. (2) The infiltration of alien plant populations caused the natural population to have a contradictory relationship that was not conducive to the survival of the original lily.
③ Grazing, eating by mammals, and the harm caused by slugs, snails, moth and butterfly larvae, nematodes and other pests (such as botrytis and Fusarium). ④ The entry of commercial seed balls also poses a threat to the survival of original resource species.
According to incomplete statistics, the Lilium plants to be listed in the second volume of "China Plant Red Book: Rare and Endangered Plants" include Mojiang Lilies from western Sichuan and northwest Yunnan, Purple Lily from Sichuan and northwest Yunnan, Xiangcheng Lilies from rural Sichuan, and Lilies with petals from Muli, Yunnan and * * *. In fact, the situation is much more serious. For example, it is difficult to find the trail of the weeping lily produced in Jilin.
4. The attraction of lily resources in China to flower breeders in the world. According to the opinion that cultivated varieties and original species are divided into 9 categories, 4 of the 8 types of cultivated hybrid systems artificially bred are bred by using germplasm resources originating in China. It is estimated that less than half of China lily resources have been used in the history of lily hybrid breeding.
In the future development, the potential of lily germplasm resources in China is far from being utilized. Therefore, there are many foreigners who want to obtain China lily species.
"Lily fever" friends in Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Britain, the United States, Germany, the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and other countries have all asked for the introduction of Lilium plants to varying degrees and ranges. Due to various reasons, the utilization of Lilium germplasm in China is still very small.
。 How many kinds of lilies are there on the earth?
Various pictures of lilies: //yntc/bhtp. If you want to know more about the following lilies, please click on the following website. Lily flowers are huge, beautiful in color, changeable in flower shape and varied in gardening.
There are about 1 species of Lilium, and more than 4 species are native to China. There are hairy lilies in Heilongjiang in the north, Xinjiang lilies in the west, and Taiwanese lilies in Taiwan Province in the southeast. Among them, wild lilies, Minjiang lilies, Yichang lilies, Tongjiang lilies, wodan lilies, purple lilies, rose lilies, garlic lilies, Dali lilies, Hubei lilies, Nanchuan lilies, Baoxing lilies, Sichuan lilies, * * * lilies, and rural lilies are all endemic to China.
There are several species with high ornamental value as follows: 1. Crown lily: the bulb is oval to oval, purple-red. The flowers are large and beautiful, horizontal, trumpet-shaped, white, yellow at the base of the inner surface of the perianth tube, purple in the ribs on the back, and fragrant.
the flowering period is in June. 2. Musk lily: bulb oblate, yellow and white.
The flower is trumpet-shaped, 1~18 cm long, white, with green base and strong fragrance. The flowering period is from May to June.
3. Lilium lancifolium: Bulbs are oval and white. There are black buds between the axils of the middle and upper leaves of the plant.
The flowers are orange-red, with scattered purple-black spots inside, the perianth turns back after opening, and the anthers are crimson. The flowering period is in July.
4. Sichuan lily: drooping flowers, orange-red perianth with dense purplish-red spots, extremely curled perianth, and sparse white wool on the back. The flowering period is in July.
5. Yunnan Lily: The leaves are oval, with a length of 3 cm, a width of 2 cm and a plant height of 15 cm. The perianth is milky white, the flower is about 15 cm long, and the flowering period is from June to July.
6. lily with white flowers: the perianth is milky white, yellowish, with purplish longitudinal stripes in the middle of the back, 13 cm long, orange-red perianth, slightly rolled back at the top when blooming, and the flowers are horizontally open, with aromatic smell. The flowering period is from July to August.
7. Lilium tenuifolium: The leaves are concentrated in the middle of the stem, with narrow lines and main veins.