-Appreciation of Seven Laws in Lu You's book Anger
Xichun lived in Song Xiaozong for thirteen years (1 186), that is, the fifth spring when Lu You returned to his hometown of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) for the second time. He felt that his ambition was hard to be rewarded, and he became a poem and an immortal angry book.
The structure and layout of metrical poems are generally divided into four parts, that is, the first part starts from the hair end, the parallel part continues to explain, the neck part turns, and the tail part is always closed. This poem conforms to this style.
The first couplet begins with sighs and questions, which makes people alert and frightened and avoids straightforward narration. In the "fledgling" youth, if you don't understand the complexity of political struggle and the difficulties and obstacles of resisting the recovery of gold, you can only rely on the ambition of serving the country and looking north to the Central Plains to recover the heroic spirit of the occupied areas. The word "difficult things" contains many rich subtext: First, Lu You was born in the Southern Song Dynasty, where the country was difficult, and studied the art of war hard, practiced sword and martial arts, and was both civil and military. At the age of 29 (1 153), after having obtained the provincial examination, Qin Gui's grandson, the traitor Qin Biao, came second, and Qin Gui was bent on making his grandson the top scholar, so Lu You was abandoned in palace examination. It was not until Qin Gui's death that Lu You was appointed as the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou at the age of 34, and it was not until Xiaozong ascended the throne that Lu You was given the background of Jinshi. 2. Lost the main battle and occupied the main road for three years (1 167). Lu You was impeached by the capitulators for "giving testimony, singing right and wrong, and persuading Zhang Jun to go to war" and dismissed from office for three years. Third, he was dismissed twice for an excuse: in the third year (1 176), Xichun was impeached for "swallowing and releasing" in Sichuan, and he was dismissed for another two years; In the seventh year of Xichun (1 180), Jiangxi was impeached for the third time in five years.
Zhuanlian inherited the heroic spirit of Yilian, chose two most memorable typical scenes of the poet's fiery fighting life on the front line of the Anti-Japanese War, and vividly and concretely described the scene of "Qishan". The last sentence, the night snow in Guazhou, and the notes of two textbooks, anthology of past dynasties and college Chinese, all say that in the winter of the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), the gold owner Yan Hongliang invaded south, and the Song Dynasty fought Liu Qi and Yu in Guazhou, quarrying and was killed by his subordinates. This note is wrong. Because in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, Lu You was still working as an editor in Lin 'an. In May of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Lu You was transferred to Zhenjiang as a judge, but returned to his hometown in Yin Shan. In fact, he arrived in Zhenjiang in February of the second year of Longxing (1 164) (see Zhu Dongrun's Biography of Lu You). However, Zhenjiang is still in the stage of preparing for the stalemate. 1 1 On September 29th, Lu Youlun wrote "The Jiao Shan Topic": "The bonfire hasn't stopped, the warships are watching the wind, and the smoke is in." You can participate in the certificate. The phrase "the autumn wind scattered in Daguan Pass" refers to the poet's eight years as an official and procurator in Nanzheng (Hanzhong) shogunate in Fu Xuan, Sichuan (1 172). He helped Wang Yan plan the military deployment of invading Chang 'an and crossing the Wei River, and had a brief encounter with Jin Bing in the big pass (now southwest of Baoji City). In order to spy on the enemy, Lu You rode across the Wei River overnight. Later, I recalled in "The Storm at the End of the Year": "When I was a teenager, I went forward and joined the army! Ride the Tao hippo alone and get a medal at night. " "I cooked rice from Jiangbei Village and found it very fragrant" and said, "I once went from Rong Qing to Weihe River, near the bandits. You can kick ice when you get on the horse in iron clothes, and sometimes you don't eat fire for three days. " It is a true portrayal of the fighting life in the third year. The antithesis of couplets expands the realm of time and space: the first sentence is about the southeast waterway, and the second sentence is about the northwest land. "Louchuan" and "Iron Horse" wrote the momentum of counterattack; "Guazhoudu" and "Da San Guan" wrote lines to fight back; "Snow at Night" and "Autumn Wind" wrote the heroic atmosphere of counterattack. The two sentences not only highly summarized the most yearning and heroic fighting years of the poet's life, but also clearly wrote "Qishan"; At the same time, shortly after these two counterattacks, due to the vacillation of the emperor and the arrogance of the pacifists, Zhang Jun and Wang Yan were dismissed from office and transferred, implying a deep sigh that the court missed the opportunity to counterattack, which was the code word of "things are difficult".
As soon as the pen of the necklace couplet turns, it turns from "early years" to the present, from ideal to reality, and writes the grief and indignation of frustrated ambition, wasting my years and getting old. Tan Daoji appropriately quoted On the Great Wall. The poet practiced sword since childhood, expecting himself to be a good general to defend his country and show off his prestige: "Wan Li's heart was always there, and he was the forerunner of King Ge" (Reading the gauntlet at night), but the word "empty" was used, which became a bubble; Nowadays, "the temple in the mirror has been ordered first", and time waits for no one, just like Qu Yuan's "beauty dying", desolate and tragic; These two sentences contain a lot of grief and indignation at the court's failure to show its economy and ambition.
At the end of the couplet, I didn't think so. I praised the spirit of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition to Cao Wei in the "model", saying that in a thousand years, who can compare? Summarizing the book of book wrath is implicit and profound, which contains multiple meanings: first, it clearly praises Kong Ming's dedication and dares to invade the powerful Cao Wei in the north with the weak Shu state: "to eliminate traitors and revitalize the Han Dynasty"; Although the territory, population and strength of the Southern Song Dynasty were stronger than those of Shu, it was difficult to compare with Zhuge Liang because he agreed to make peace and surrender. Second, there was no such person as Zhuge Liang in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, wasn't Yue Fei once "tough" and "clean up the old mountains and rivers"? Unfortunately, the court was fatuous and corrupt, but it recalled him to kill him. Where can someone like Zhuge Liang come out to lead the great cause of developing China? Yue Fei worships Zhuge Liang very much and once wrote "an example" as his motto. And Lu You's poem "Reading Fan at Night" can record the feeling of ... and make a quatrain. There is also a poem "Officials and officials have a party to do Zong Ze, but no one uses Yue Fei", which can be used as a footnote. The third is to secretly compare yourself with Zhuge Liang. It's a pity that the court can't know and use the virtuous. The poet is conceited in the book Feeling the Spread of Customs. Twenty holds this ambition, and fifty is Confucianism "; In "Long Songs", he wants to "clear old Beijing with thieves"; Until 8 1 year-old, "Journey to the Old Horse" also said: "Smelling the drums can still win the country and envy Zhao! "Still alive and kicking, itching. The above three meanings, which are expensive to quote but not to pronounce, have the beauty of "endless meaning, overflowing with words" and win the end of a good poem.
This poem is highly concise, and it is summarized by comparison and contrast: "early years" and "sideburns", ideal and reality ("mountain of gas" and "empty check"), "example" and "who is equal". The former has played a role of contrast and contrast to the latter, and 8 sentences and 56 words have written a life-long sentiment, which is concise. The first four sentences are lofty and heroic, the last four are depressed and frustrated, and the middle four sentences are open and closed vertically and horizontally, ups and downs, which won the charm of Li and Du, and it is worthy of being a masterpiece of Lu You's Seven Laws. (written by Xiong Du)