We live in a colorful world of plants. Pay more attention to observation at ordinary times, so as to gradually understand the growth laws of various plants and correctly reflect the phenomena related to plants when writing.
Observing and understanding a plant can generally adopt the following methods:
1, according to field observation.
That is to say, look at the whole first, and then observe each part in a certain order from the aspects of roots, stems, branches, leaves and fruits. For example, bamboo nodes have underground roots and fibrous roots; Bamboo stems are cylindrical, hollow and jointed; The leaves are long and narrow and the veins are parallel; Bamboo teeth are called bamboo shoots; Old bamboos over 60 years old will blossom and bear fruit. The shape of bamboo is clear, straight and upright.
2. Observe by stages.
In order to fully understand a plant, it is necessary to observe it for a long time according to its growth process. Because plants develop, grow, develop, bear fruit and die in nature, the shape of each period is different. For example, the new leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are bright red, and then gradually grow into bright green. Within a few months, the longer the leaves, the longer the vines. Parthenocissus tricuspidata has a petiole on its stem, and there are six or seven branched filaments on its reverse side, each of which is like a snail's antenna. The new filaments are also bright red, which are the feet of Parthenocissus tricuspidata. When the foot touches the wall, the heads of six or seven filaments turn into small disks, which hold the wall, hold the tender stems and cling to the wall. In this way, I climbed onto the roof one by one. The feet that didn't touch the wall withered in a few days. The thin and small disk that touched the wall turned gray and stuck firmly to the wall. In summer, the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are densely layered; Autumn leaves are yellow and withered; In winter, the walls are full of houses, leaving only withered vines criss-crossing. The spring breeze will break out in the coming year, and it will be revived after death.
3. Comparative observation.
There are many plants in nature, and some plants with similar shapes can only be distinguished by comparison. For example, roses, Chinese rose and Chinese rose all belong to the same category, and they are all ornamental flowers. They are colorful, fragrant and similar in shape. If we compare the three kinds of flowers together, we can find out their differences. Different leaves, Chinese rose leaves, 3-5 pieces per stalk, smooth; 5-9 roses, pilose; 5-9 roses with concave veins and wrinkles. Different flowers, roses, single flowers, long stems, many colors, flower diameter more than 5 cm; Roses, flower clusters form panicles, corymbose inflorescences, and flowers are about 3 cm in diameter; Rose, a solitary flower or tribal flower, has two kinds: red and white, with short stems. The thorns and fruits of these three kinds of flowers are also different.
The above methods are commonly used to observe plants and can be used flexibly. After carefully observing plants with these methods, write down the observed things in a certain order, which is a well-organized and substantial article.
Second, observe the scenery and write.
Writing character notes is always inseparable from the description of the scenery. Proper scenery description is very important for expressing characters' thoughts and feelings, creating environmental atmosphere, and highlighting characters' images and central ideas. Observing scenery and writing should generally pay attention to the following points:
1, pay attention to the seasonal characteristics of the scenery.
All the year round, different seasons, different times, different scenery. The seasons are changing and the scenery is different. The seasons are changing, and the scenery of nature is also changing. What flowers bloom in what season and what crops grow in what season, we should pay attention to them in our daily life, keep them in mind and never do whatever we want.
2. Pay attention to the static, dynamic and color description of the scene.
For static and dynamic scenes, it is usually to write their static or dynamic directly. You can also combine static and dynamic writing, static writing and dynamic writing, or dynamic writing and static writing by contrast. We often say that "it's quiet enough to hear the sound of an embroidery needle falling to the ground" and "silence is better than sound" are all described in this way. If we study this method seriously, we can make the dynamic and static scenery more vivid. The colors of natural scenery are ever-changing, colorful and inexhaustible. Describing the color of the scenery is an important way to add color to the article, but it must be appropriate. Too much "makeup" will be boring.
3. Pay attention to describing the foothold and order.
Different people's positions and angles make the same scenery look very different. For example, standing at the top of Lushan Mountain to see the waterfall, there is no feeling of "suspecting that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", but standing at the foot of Lushan Mountain to see the waterfall, like a long white practice, pouring down from the mountain. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "The incense burner in Rizhao produces purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Yuanchuan. The poem "Flying down three thousands of feet, I doubt that the Milky Way will set for nine days" was written after standing at the foot of the mountain and watching the waterfall. After the foothold is determined, we should also pay attention to the order of scenery description. Generally speaking, there are three orders of landscape writing. One is spatial order, who writes methodically according to the distance, up and down, left and right of the scene; The second is chronological order, that is, writing according to the order in which the scenes appear; The third is to write according to the order of importance of scenery in the author's mind.
Third, observe the writing of animals.
Children generally love small animals and always want to write them down after seeing them. So how to observe and describe small animals should generally pay attention to the following three points.
1, pay attention to observe and describe the shape of animals. For example, we studied Gecko, and the author introduced the appearance of Gecko to us step by step. Feet like ivy feet; Head triangle; Mouth, can't see clearly; Eyes are very smart; The tail is long and thin; Dressing patterns. According to the order from bottom to top, from front to back, from part to whole, the appearance characteristics of gecko were observed in detail, which reflected that gecko was a clever little animal. Observing and describing the shape of animals can also directly summarize the external characteristics of animals as a whole. For example, most of the magpie's feathers are black and green, but there are white feathers on the shoulders and abdomen, which looks simple and clean. Magpie's posture is light and beautiful, and its singing is crisp and loud, which makes people feel happy. This passage summarizes the three appearance characteristics of magpies as a whole.
2. Pay attention to the activities of animals. In sports training, we should not only know animals from their appearance, but also need people to observe and understand animals from their activities, so as to fully understand and describe animals. To observe and understand the activities of animals, we must first master the general laws of animal activities and some special dynamics. For example, sea cucumber crawls by muscle contraction, while squid and octopus move forward by the reverse thrust of water, which is the characteristic of sea cucumber, squid and octopus in action. When two cows fight, they always fight with two horns; When two chickens fight, they always peck at each other with their mouths, which is the characteristic of the fight between cows and chickens. In short, no matter what kind of animal, it has its own activity characteristics. As long as we carefully observe the activity characteristics of various animals, we can write them easily.
3, pay attention to find the habits of animals in observation, grasp the characteristics of animal habits to write. I want to say, "chickens eat grains, cows eat grass, and pigs eat chaff, and each takes what he needs." This is their food preference; "Kingfishers fly on the water, geese line up, bats come out at dusk and roosters crow at dawn." This is the law of their activities. In summer, dogs stick out their tongues to cool off. In winter, snakes and frogs hibernate underground. This is the instinct of dogs, snakes and frogs to adapt to the climate. You can observe the living habits of various animals from these aspects and write them down in a certain order.
Another good way to write observation composition is to use six senses: sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch and psychological sense. Through a variety of senses, the observed objects can be written three-dimensionally and vividly.
These methods can be found in the series of books "Knowledge Points of Composition" in our Chinese Grand Ceremony, which is of great help to improve your writing ability.