Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Oucheng" 1
It is easy for a young man to learn from an old man, and it is difficult to learn from an old man. One inch of time cannot be taken lightly.
I haven’t realized the dream of spring grass in the pond, but the phoenix leaves in front of the steps have already sounded in autumn.
Translation
It is very easy to pass away the days of youth, but it is difficult to achieve success in learning, so every inch of time cannot be easily let go.
Before I woke up from the sweet dream of spring grass growing in the pond, the leaves of the sycamore tree in front of the steps were already rustling in the autumn wind.
Comments
Xue: knowledge, studies, career.
An inch of time: the time it takes for the shadow of the sun to move one inch, describing the short time.
Light: despise, let go easily.
Dream of spring grass in the pond: This is an allusion, and its allusion is used here, which means that the beautiful youth will soon disappear, just like a spring dream.
Weijue: no feeling, awakening.
Stairs: steps.
Wutong: Wutong, deciduous tree.
Appreciation
The word "persuasion" in this poem plays a leading role in the whole poem. "Persuasion" is interpreted as "encouragement".
"It is easy for a young man to learn from an old man, but it is difficult to succeed in learning, and no inch of time should be taken lightly." This is the poet's personal experience to warn young people. It shows that life is easy to grow old and learning is difficult to achieve, so time must be cherished. Because it "gets old easily", it "should not be taken lightly", which shows the importance of cherishing time. It means that you should cherish your beautiful years, study hard, and never let precious time slip away in vain.
"I haven't noticed the dream of spring grass in the pond, but the phoenix leaves in front of the steps are already sounding in autumn." The poet uses sharp and delicate brushstrokes to borrow the beautiful images in the poems of his predecessors, combined with his own understanding of "It is easy for a young man to learn from an old man, but it is difficult to succeed" The deep feeling that time passes quickly and the years are fleeting is compared with the sound of autumn leaves in the dream without realizing it, which is very appropriate and adds the power of exhortation; thus the theme of "no inch of time should be taken lightly" can be more clearly reflected. , leaving a deep and unforgettable impression on readers.
The whole poem uses the metaphor of the fleeting time before waking up from the dream and the fallen leaves to warn young people to cherish time and study hard. It is used to persuade others and to warn themselves. He warned people to cherish their time, pursue their studies, lament that life is short, and seize the time to study, so that in the future they will not regret wasting their time and not waste their life due to inaction. The days of youth are easy to pass away, but it is difficult to succeed in learning, so every inch of time must be cherished and not let go easily. Before I woke up from the beautiful spring scenery, the sycamore leaves in front of the steps were already rustling in the autumn wind. "Oucheng" is a seven-character quatrain written by Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty. It tells us that youth is fleeting and knowledge is hard to achieve. We should cherish this young time and don’t miss it easily.
Creation background
In 1196 AD (the second year of Qingyuan), Zhu Xi and his disciples Huang Gan, Cai Chen, and Huang Zhong came to Fushan, a new city (today's Lichuan County Community) to avoid the disaster caused by the powerful minister Han Kanzhou. He gave lectures at Wuyi Hall next to Shuanglin Temple in Zhushan Village, Pingxiang, and wrote this poem. Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Oucheng" 2
Oucheng on Guisi New Year's Eve
The laughter of thousands of families is delayed, and the worries are hidden from the outside.
Standing quietly on the city bridge, no one knows it. One star is like the moon for a long time.
Translation
Time passed slowly, and the laughter and laughter of each family came faintly from all directions.
The man standing high on the stone bridge seemed to be outside the world. He stared at the sky, but he regarded a star as the moon for a long time.
Comments
Leak: Clepsydra, an ancient timing instrument.
Chichi: refers to time passing very slowly.
Quiet: secretly, quietly.
Knowledge of external objects: Feeling it from the passage of time and changes in external objects.
City bridge: refers to the bridge in the author’s hometown town. Most of the towns in the south of the Yangtze River have streets along the water, and there are many bridges in the city.
知：shí, here it means to know.
Creation background
This poem was written in the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1773). It was in the middle of Qianlong’s reign, and after the middle of Qianlong’s reign, the entire society was full of rich and poor. Opposition, polarization, refugees everywhere, talents abandoned, all kinds of contradictions are intertwined. At that time, the author was working as an inspector in Anhui Province, Zhu Yunmu, and returned home to celebrate the New Year on New Year's Eve. The author had a premonition of the upcoming chaos in society, and he wrote with melancholy in his heart.
Appreciation
"The laughter of thousands of families is late, and the worries are hidden from the outside." The poet has many thoughts. The last sentence fully exaggerates the welcoming atmosphere of thousands of households on New Year's Eve. The four words "Laughter in Thousands of Households" are closely related to the title "New Year's Eve", describing the atmosphere of thousands of households staying up late to welcome the Spring Festival, singing and laughing happily on New Year's Eve. People feel that time passes so fast that it is late at night before they know it. The poet's thoughts were running deep at this time, and he was only worried. The atmosphere of "sorrow" and "thousands of families laughing" is very inconsistent, but here they are organically connected. In feudal society, due to the disparity between rich and poor, some families were happy and others were sad on New Year's Eve. The poet reunited with his family and could have had a happy New Year's Eve, but the poet was full of worries, which fully demonstrated the poet's aloof sentiment and angry and thoughtful character of "everyone is drunk but I am alone".
"Standing quietly on the city bridge, no one knows it, and one star is like the moon for a long time." These two sentences describe the poet's unique behavior caused by depression in his heart. The word "quietly" in the previous sentence describes the poet standing quietly on the city bridge, using the tranquility of the appearance to imply the unrest in his heart. The three words "people don't know" do not mean that people don't know the poet, but that people who sing and laugh don't understand the worries in his heart. Thus the poet feels even more lonely. The next sentence is an "extension" of "quietly standing". The poet's worries could not be resolved, so he went to the city bridge alone and stood for a long time, staring at a bright star in the sky. Everything around me seems to have ceased to exist. It seems that I have transcended everything and entered a state where I forget both things and myself. "Looking for a long time" implicitly answers the poet's "worry". The poet feels that the stars are passing by, and the years are like running water under the bridge, gone forever, thinking of himself, he has rarely achieved great fame, but his talent has not been recognized. He is about to enter his 30s, he has failed to achieve success, he has not achieved fame, he is down and out, he is poor and sick, he is angry and sad. All the feelings came to my heart.
The expression method of this poem is: the poet does not write about his worries from the front, but only describes the poet's special behavior of quietly standing on the city bridge at the time of family reunion and laughter on New Year's Eve. The rendering of the atmosphere and the image of the poet gazing silently into the sky give people an impression. Writing this way may seem plain, but it is profound and expresses the poet's melancholy and depressed mood deeper, more intense, and more artistically expressive.
The characteristics of this poem are that the words are close and the purpose is far-reaching, the imagery is clear, close to life, but the poetry is implicit, and the sentiment is far-reaching. It tells the worries and indignation about the entire reality and life. Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Oucheng" 3
Oucheng
Fifteen years ago at the end of the day, Xiang Cong once wrote a flower appreciation poem.
Looking at the flowers and the moon today, they look very similar, and their feelings are as peaceful as those of the past.
Translation
Fifteen years ago, we visited the garden together and wrote poems about flower appreciation.
The flowers today are still the same as in previous years. Why is my mood different from previous years?
Comments
The end of the flower: before the flowers and under the moon.
Xiangcong: Accompany each other.
Fu: composed.
Hun: completely, simply, completely.
Ande: How come.
Feelings: Mood.
past time: the past.
Creation background
The creation date of "Occasionally" is unknown, but it can be seen from the poetry that it was after the death of Li Qingzhao's husband Zhao Mingcheng. Moreover, this poem is not very famous, and there are few records in ancient classics. The contemporary Mr. Huang Shengzhang compiled it from the rhymes of poems in Volume 889 of "Yongle Dadian".
When Qingzhou was living in Pingju, before Zhao Mingcheng died, when the couple was in Jiangning, no one could possibly verify this. "The end of the flower" refers to the flowers in front of the moon and the moon below. It is also a scene of love in ancient times. It is the sweetness of the past that contrasts with the sadness of the present. "Xiangcong" refers to the husband and wife accompanying each other. The word "Zeng" points out the good times in the past, when the couple had similar interests. This is full of memories of the sweet days when Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng spent time admiring flowers and composing poems in front of flowers and under the moon.
The last two sentences "Look at the flowers and the moon today, they are similar, and my feelings are as peaceful as those of the past." They quote the poetic scene in "The Sad White-headed Man of the Generation" by Liu Xiyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. It is similar to the writing technique of "The flowers are similar every year, but the people are different every year." There are two words "like". The first "like" means that the flowers and the moon are like old times, and it takes over the "flowers at the end of the month" in the first sentence. The word "Ande" is the transition between these two "similarities". The latter "like" means that the mood is no longer the same as before, which makes people lament that things in the world have changed.
This is a lyrical poem about seeing things and thinking about people. It expresses Li Qingzhao’s loneliness and loneliness after losing his husband. Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Oucheng" 4
I have nothing to do but take my time. When I sleep, the sun is already red outside the window.
Everything is contented when watching quietly, and the joy of the four seasons is the same as that of others.
The way to heaven and earth is tangible, thinking about the changes in the wind and clouds.
Wealth is not obscene and poverty is happiness. The man here is a hero.
Introduction to ancient poetry
"Oucheng" is a seven-character poem written by Cheng Hao, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. This poem is a work in which the author summarizes his academic experience and promotes his Neo-Confucian thoughts in the form of poetry. The first couplet of the poem starts from daily life and writes about the leisure life after being demoted. The remaining three couplets are all centered around reasoning. The middle two couplets reflect the author's view of nature, and the last couplet reflects the author's view of life. These are all typical reflections of the Song Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism has a thorough attitude of knowing destiny and enjoying the great road. This poem focuses on inductive reasoning, lacks imagery, is boring, and is not ideal in terms of logic and art.
Translation/Translation
When you are free, you can take everything calmly. When you sleep and wake up, the sun shines red through the east window.
You can be content by observing everything calmly, and your interests and feelings in the four seasons are the same as those of others.
The truth reaches beyond the heaven and earth, and deep thought enters the changing situation.
It is happiness to be wealthy and not confused about poverty. A man who achieves this is a hero.
Comments
⑴Calm down: take your time.
⑵ Wake up: wake up.
⑶Jingguan: Observe carefully. Complacency: A comfortable and comfortable look.
⑷Four Seasons: refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Jiaxing: Very interesting.
⑸Tao: extended to laws, principles, and criteria. Tong: Tongda.
⑹Luxury: indulgence.
⑺Heroes: heroes.
Creation background
This poem was written by the author after he was demoted and returned to Luoyang after opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. As a Neo-Confucian whose moral cultivation has reached a very high level, the author is not thinking about personal gain, loss, honor and disgrace. His peace comes from his inner strength and accurate grasp of the principles of heaven. In other words, being at ease is the result, and attaining the Dao is the cause. This poem is a work that embodies this mentality.
Appreciation/Appreciation
The poem "Oucheng" is a work in which the author summarizes his academic experience in the form of poetry and promotes his Neo-Confucian thoughts. Inductive reasoning lacks image, is boring, and is not very desirable in terms of logic and art.
The first couplet says that I am in a peaceful state of mind, taking everything calmly, and when I wake up, the red sun is shining brightly. The "leisure" here refers to the "peace of mind" and "reinforcement of mind and forbearance" preached by Buddhism and Taoism. The seven emotions and six desires are eliminated from the soul, which is called "no life". These are all the results of self-cultivation and a state of tranquility and inaction. According to the second-level training procedure of Neo-Confucianism: "Knowing to stop can then have concentration, concentration can then lead to tranquility, tranquility can then lead to tranquility, tranquility can then lead to thinking, and worry can lead to gain." This is the connotation of the first sentence "leisure". Only in this way can we "take everything calmly", that is, take everything calmly. The expression of calmness is described in the second sentence: "The sun is already red when I sleep in the east window." When I woke up, the red sun was shining high and the windows were full of red light. Sentences 1 and 2 can be seen as causal relationships.
The following further describes the results of taking everything calmly and preaches the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism. The couplet says that although everything in the world is changing and changing in various ways, as long as you observe it quietly, you can reach the ultimate understanding of physics and the investigation of things. Of course, the "investigation of things" that Cheng Hao talks about is not what people today call the scientific study of nature and human society. Cheng Hao said that "the principle of one thing is the principle of all things". The so-called "investigation of things" means "reason and heart, but people cannot understand them as one." Therefore, we must get rid of "private intentions" (preserve the principles of nature and eliminate human desires), and follow Make a fuss inside. They believe that everything has an absolutely unchanging principle. Only in this way can we enjoy the beautiful scenery of the four seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter like others. The neck couplet further explains the state of "satisfaction". Cheng Hao's so-called "Tao" is mentioned together with "form". "What is metaphysical is called Tao, and what is metaphysical is called utensils." "Metaphysical" refers to abstract generalization, and the abstract principle summarized is called "Tao". "Metaphysical" refers to concrete things, that is, "utensils", and the relationship between Dao and utensils is that Tao is hidden in utensils, that is, concrete utensils are inseparable from abstract Tao. The Tao is so vast, everything in the world, the changing winds and clouds, nature and society, everything is important and nothing is unreasonable. "Si" means thinking, abstraction and generalization, which is what Qiao Lian calls "jingguan". As a result of "thinking about the eight extremes and wandering around ten thousand miles", you can make an abstract debut. This kind of "studying things to gain knowledge" is the highest criterion for guiding people to conduct themselves in life, which is what Weilian talks about: "Rich and noble should not be promiscuous and poor should practice happiness." According to Er Cheng's Neo-Confucian thought, "Father, son, monarch and ministers are the rule of the world." They believe that there are differences in the hierarchy of heaven's creatures, big and small, long and short. Gentlemen are big and villains are small. This is the "law of nature". Therefore, Cheng Hao asked to live in wealth without being promiscuous, and to be content with poverty and be happy. If a man can cultivate to this point, he will be a hero and a great husband.
Predecessors once said that Song poetry is easy to discuss and tastes like chewing wax. In fact, it cannot be generalized. Some philosophical poems are the poet's profound observations on society, life, and the universe and nature, and are accompanied by distinctive images, giving people a sense of enlightenment and wisdom. For example, "I don't know the true face of Mount Lu, just because I am in this mountain"; "I couldn't draw the origin of the idea, and it was in vain to kill Mao and extend his life at that time", etc., which can give people enlightenment and wisdom. In the poem "Oucheng", the discussion lacks images, and in addition, its thoughts are far from those of today's people, which really makes people feel that they are talking about nothing. As for what people today say, "Wealth and honor cannot be lascivious, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, and power cannot bend" and "wealth and honor cannot be lascivious, poverty and lowliness can be happy" in Cheng's poems, although there are similarities, their connotations and essences are quite different. This should be noted. of. Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Oucheng" 5
It's almost noon, with light clouds and gentle breeze, and the flowers and willows are crossing the Qianchuan River.
At that time, people did not recognize Yuxinlei, and they would be called young people who took leisure time to study.
Rhyme translation of "Spring Day Occasionally Comes"
The clouds are light and the wind is light. It is almost noon in spring. Next to the flowers and willows, I stroll towards the river bank.
People don’t understand the joyful mood of spring outings, so they say that I take a break from my busy schedule and force myself to study as a young child.
Translation of "Spring Comes Together"
Near noon, there were light clouds floating in the sky, and occasionally a breeze blew. Walking through the flowers and willows, I came to the river in front of me unknowingly.
Others don’t know how happy I feel at this moment, and they think I am imitating a teenager and taking advantage of the good time to take a break from the busy schedule.
Comments on "Spring Day Occasionally"
Oucheng: written by chance.
Yundan: The clouds are thin, referring to sunny weather.
Wutian: refers to the sun at noon.
Next to the flowers and willows: to follow the flowers and willows. Next to, close to, rely on. Follow, follow.
Chuan: waterfall or riverside.
People of the time: One is "other people". Yu Xin: My heart. Yu: The first word "yu" means me.
General predicate: Just think. General: Yes, so, just.
Taking leisure time: taking some free time from the busy schedule.
Appreciation of "Spring Day"
This is a poem that describes the mood of a spring outing and the scene of spring. It is also a poem about rationality and interest. The author uses simple techniques Integrate the soft and bright spring scenery with the author's contented mood. The first two sentences describe the calm clouds and gentle wind, the flowers and weeping willows, and the vitality of nature; the third sentence is a poetic turning and advancement, and the fourth sentence further explains that it is not a schoolboy taking a leisurely spring outing, but what it wants to express is a kind of Philosophy, and understanding of nature and the universe.
"The clouds are light and the wind is gentle, and it is almost noon, and the flowers and willows are crossing the front river." It seems very plain, but if you taste it carefully, there are several layers of meaning in it. First, write about what you see and feel during your spring outing. The clouds are light and the wind is gentle, and the flowers and willows are nearby. A few strokes not only outline the spring scene brilliantly, but also emphasize the dynamic - the warm spring breeze blows the earth, and I wander around. There are beautiful flowers and graceful green everywhere. Liu can be said to be "a person in a picture". Second, focus on writing about your lingering mood. This mood is mainly conveyed naturally through the six words "near noon day" and "passing Qianchuan". The so-called "near noon day" does not mean that I don't go out for a spring outing until noon, but "near". Emphasizing that he only forgot about time during his spring outing, he used his sudden discovery to express his intoxication in nature. Similarly, "crossing Qianchuan" does not simply describe his strolling to the river bank, but uses "passing". To emphasize that after "crossing" the river in front of me, accompanied by spring flowers and green willows, I realized that I was only focused on spring outings and had walked very far without knowing it. In this way, although these two poems only describe nature such as clouds, wind, flowers and willows. Landscapes and the author's mood of loving them, but there is also a childish sentiment that the author wants to escape from the world. It is this sentiment that makes him almost forget time and fatigue, and reach the point of intoxication.
"When people don't know Yu Xin's joy, they will say that they are young and imitate." It is mainly the direct expression of the poet's own inner world. Originally, it should be a very natural thing to roam in the beautiful spring scenery with clear clouds and gentle breeze, and cultivate one's temperament among the spring flowers and green willows. However, in the feudal era that stifled people's spirits, this seems to be only a little bit. Young people with "crazy" energy are talented, but older men should just sit upright and put on a cold face. However, although Cheng Hao was a famous Neo-Confucianist, and although he was probably already a kindly elder when he wrote this poem, he still could not resist the attraction of nature and made some works for the "people of the time" Incomprehensible behavior. This includes his pursuit and understanding of the authenticity of nature, as well as his ridicule and satire of ordinary "people of the time", which not only shows his other understanding of the value of life, but also shows his joy in Among them, the elegance of self-admiration. At this point, the Neo-Confucianist, who has always been considered sanctimonious, has intentionally or unintentionally revealed another aspect of his character: he not only lives in the suffocating world of "reason", but is also a living person full of emotions for nature. , but his feelings are often suppressed and distorted by "reason".
The whole poem has harmonious colors and blended scenes, which expresses the author's pursuit of plain and natural, unhurried and unhurried self-cultivation and pragmatic skills. It also expresses a leisurely and tranquil artistic conception. The poetry style is simple and natural, and the language is simple and popular. The whole poem describes the poet's nostalgia for his childhood in his hometown, and expresses his nostalgia for his youth and his hometown Huangpi.
The creative background of "Spring Day"
This poem was written by the author during a spring outing when he was the chief clerk of Hu County, Shaanxi Province, and he was inspired by the scenery. The poet was a famous Neo-Confucianist in the Song Dynasty. He was trapped in his study for a long time and rarely had time to relax and entertain himself. Once you return to nature and enjoy the beautiful scenery, you will feel particularly refreshed and contented.