Commas divide sentences into meaning groups, indicating pauses less than semicolons and greater than pauses. Comma is the most frequently used punctuation mark in Chinese and most foreign languages, and it is a special case that Korean uses more periods than commas. Comma is the most widely used and flexible, so it is also the most difficult to master.
Extended data:
Chinese usage
1. If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma.
For example, most of the stars we can see are stars.
If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.
For example, it should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.
If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma.
He is no stranger to this city.
4. Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon.
For example, it is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have been to more than a dozen.
5. Used to separate words in a sentence or to indicate a pause in tone.
Tip: ","cannot be placed at the beginning of a line or at the beginning of a line.
6. When there are modal auxiliary words such as "ah", "ya" and "la" between coordinate words, use commas between coordinate elements instead of pause.
For example, the streets in August are full of fruits, such as melons, watermelons, apples and grapes.
7. When the coordinate components are used as predicates, if the coordinate components are subject-predicate structures, then commas are used between the coordinate components.
For example, her clothes are fashionable and eye-catching, her hair is ear-high, she walks briskly and speaks loudly.
Baidu encyclopedia-comma
2. In ancient poetry, do you use commas as sentences or periods as sentences? For ancient poems, the ancients often talked about "the method of reading sentences", and today people also talk about it.
However, in ancient poetry, there is a big question, that is: what is the sentence after comma in ancient poetry? Or just after menstruation? In fact, the answer is very clear. The meaning of punctuation used in ancient poetry is different from that in today's vernacular. Commas often indicate a sentence in ancient poetry, not a period. The first sentence of the ancient poem is at the first full stop? All wet! ▲ Ancient poems are elegant, but I just can't understand the feelings of the ancients! Why do you say that? Let's look at a story first: in an exam, the teacher asked the students to answer such a question. The topic is: "Please describe the picture described in the second sentence of the Five Wonders in your own language."
The content of the five-character quatrain is as follows: ▲ See a full stop is a sentence, this question should be very simple! Du Fu has beautiful mountains and rivers, and flowers and trees are fragrant in the spring breeze. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Finally, many students will learn to "turn mud into swallows, warm sand and sleep in mandarin ducks." This sentence is described as the second sentence of this poem.
However, the final answer came out, but it was all wrong. Because the final answer is to describe the sentence "flowers and trees in the spring breeze" as the second sentence of this poem.
Many students don't understand this result: isn't there a sentence after the period? How did the phrase "flowers and trees are fragrant in the spring breeze" before the first full stop become the second sentence? Is the standard answer wrong? Objectively speaking, the first sentence number is correct before the first sentence number. However, this is according to the grammatical standard stipulated by modern vernacular Chinese.
However, in ancient poetry, there are rules of sentence breaking in ancient poetry, which are often quite different from the punctuation in vernacular Chinese. If you don't understand it, it would be a big mistake to treat ancient poems with punctuation rules in vernacular Chinese.
No rhyme, no poem: the period of an ancient poem follows the rhyme, and the real usage indicates the completion of a set of rhythm! Today, we might as well tell you in a popular way: there are no punctuation marks in ancient poetry, and it is not long before China really used punctuation marks. Then why do modern people punctuate ancient poems? In addition, commas and periods are used.
And this method of use is almost the first pause with a comma, the second pause with a period, the third pause with a comma, and the fourth pause with a period. If the length of the following ancient poems continues to lengthen, it is basically a logical cycle. In fact, it is not difficult to understand this phenomenon by carefully observing ancient poetry and understanding the key to its writing. What is the so-called "key" in ancient poetry? Answer "rhyme"
The most important thing in ancient poetry is "rhyme", and poetry should be written with "rhyme". Without "rhyme", poetry cannot be written. ▲ the elegant gameplay of the ancients: no rhyme, no poetry. This five-character quatrain written by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty is "Evening sun, beautiful scenery, spring breeze, flowers and trees."
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach. For example, the rhyme of this ancient poem is "Ang", which is reflected in the phonetic vowels of "Xiang" and "Yang" respectively.
Therefore, in the use of punctuation marks, in order to distinguish the rhythm of the expression of rhyme in ancient poetry, the ancients deliberately used comma as the pause of the first sentence of ancient poetry and period as the completion of rhyme in a group of poems. Therefore, the period in ancient poetry is often used after the word with "rhyme".
▲ The words before the period are basically "rhyme"! It is not surprising that an ancient poem is punctuated with commas! When we find out the true usage of periods in ancient poetry, it is easy to understand that "commas are used as sentences in ancient poetry" instead of "periods are used as sentences". Of course, many people say that ancient poetry uses a period to represent a couplet.
Although there is not much mistake in this statement, we can't judge it here, but at least in the eyes of many people, ancient poetry is not a couplet after all, and this explanation feels a bit far-fetched. However, if rhyming, rhyming and rhyming are used to explain the law of using periods in ancient poetry, I think everyone should understand it better.
▲ Look at the usage of "comma" and "period" in ancient poetry! Conclusion: ▲ Reading ancient poems now is completely confused by "comma" and "period"! In short, we just need to remember that in ancient poetry, commas represent a sentence, not a period. A period is often used after rhyme.
What's the rhyme of this poem? Look for the word before the period, and it's basically right.
3. How to break sentences in ancient poetry? Sentence breaking in classical Chinese is traditionally called "reading sentences".
Distinguishing between sentences and reading is the most basic ability to read ancient Chinese. The basis of sentence breaking lies in the understanding of the whole article.
Therefore, we should read the sentences several times before breaking them, have a general understanding of the full text, break the ones that can be broken first, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the relationship between difficult sentences and context. When breaking sentences, we should also pay attention to genre, language style and the integrity of sentence meaning.
The use of punctuation marks should conform to the norms, which is the same as the use of punctuation marks in modern Chinese. Strengthening reading and enhancing language sense is of great help to sentence breaking.
In addition, sentence breaking can follow the following rules: (1), finding nouns (pronouns) and reading sentences. Like modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) in classical Chinese are often used as the subject and object of sentences. Therefore, finding out the nouns or pronouns that appear repeatedly in the text can basically break sentences.
(2) Look at the function words and read the sentences. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks.
They clearly distinguish between sentences and reading, and function words become an important symbol. Especially before and after modal particles and some conjunctions are often the places where sentences are broken.
Such as: fu, beggar, fan, thief, Qing, respect, honorific adverbs are often used at the beginning of sentences; The modal particles Ye, Yi, Yi, Yan and Zai are often used at the end of sentences. Conjunctions such as "to", "to", "to" and "to" are often used in sentences. According to this feature, finding out function words is helpful for sentence reading.
(3) Find out the truth and read the sentences. Ding is really a common form in classical Chinese.
The sentence is continuous, and the word that is the object in the previous sentence is the subject in the latter sentence. For example, "fear is thinking, and thinking is illusory."
According to this feature, we can also determine the reading of sentences. (4) Read the sentences according to the arrangement.
Parallelism, duality and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. Regular sentence patterns, more than four or six sentences, is another major feature of classical Chinese.
This feature provides convenience for sentence breaking. (5) Read sentence by sentence according to the total score.
In classical Chinese, there are often forms of total score and sub-total, and sentences can also be broken accordingly. (6) Dialogue, quotation and sentence reading.
In classical Chinese, "Yue" and "Yun" are often used as signs of dialogue and quotation. When two people talk, they usually write their names in the first question and answer, and then only use "Yue" and omit the subject. When you meet a dialogue, you should judge the questioner and the respondent according to the context, and distinguish between sentences and reading.
(7) Repeatedly examine and read sentences. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in classical Chinese.
For example, "Zou Ji" satirizes Qi Wang's "Who am I and Xu Gongmei in the north of the city" for many times, which also provides a powerful help for sentence breaking.