1. Appreciation of ancient poems about summer
Chasing coolness on a summer night
Yang Wanli [Song Dynasty]
The heat at night is still the same as that in the afternoon. Open the door and stand in the middle of the moon.
Bamboo trees are buzzing with insects, not the wind.
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The whole poem is only four sentences and twenty-eight characters. The poem puts aside the feeling of unbearable heat, only focuses on "enjoying the cool", and outlines a picture of enjoying the cool on a summer night with a few faint strokes, showing the author's incomparable love for nature.
"Chasing for coolness" means looking for coolness and taking coolness. "Chasing" can better express the desire for "cool" than "seeking" and "taking", and Du Fu's "chasing cool in the past, so walking around the trees by the pool" (the second trilogy of Qiang Village) is poetic. However, this poem is unique in artistic treatment: it puts aside the feeling of unbearable heat, only focuses on "enjoying the cool", and outlines a picture of enjoying the cool on a summer night with a few faint strokes, including bright moonlight, dense shade, swaying bamboo forests, melodious insects and the author standing quietly.
The first sentence seems straightforward, but there is actually a layer of twists and turns: the sun is exposed at noon, which is the hottest moment of the day. Now "night heat" is similar to "afternoon heat", so it can be imagined as "night heat" Only in this way can we draw an independent image of the poet under the moon. "Open the door" means that the author was in the room. Maybe he has gone to bed, but because it is hot at night, it is difficult to sleep after tossing and turning, and he is forced to go out to enjoy the cool. "Bright Moon" refers to the bright moonlight on the night of March 5th. In this way, the author's "independent" purpose should be said to be both "enjoying the cool" and "enjoying the moon". Chasing the cool can make your skin fit, and enjoying the moon can make you feel refreshed. No wonder he wants to be independent and insist.
The third sentence is a little feeling about the surrounding environment: the bamboo forest is deep, the shade is dense, and insects are singing. "Bamboo is deep and trees are dense", which shows its tranquility; "Insect singing", you can see its silence-only its silence can make the sound of "insect singing" clear. The poet was in it, and suddenly it was cold, which led to the real and subtle experience of "sometimes it is cold but not the wind". "Not the wind" points out the so-called coolness. It was just a sunny night, and it was cool in silence, not a cool night wind. Fan Chengda's poem "Sit in a temple and enjoy the cool from the seventh night of June" also says: "Where does the wind come from? The temple pavilion is slightly cold. Expensive, early JingSen in sign. " Although I asked where the wind came from, since something congenial does not move, it can be seen that there is no real wind, and the "coolness" of the temple pavilion is just born in silence. People usually say "calm and cool", and the reason is similar. Therefore, Fan Shi can actually read this poem.
Obviously, keeping calm in silence is the author's interest, but this interest has not been directly pointed out. Without the word "not wind", readers are likely to associate "cool" with "wind". Chen Yan's "Shi Shi Yi Shi Hua" has long pointed out: "If the last three words are covered up, it must be a guess. I wonder if it is true." However, the beauty of this poem is precisely here. The author deliberately revealed the clues of his original intention to the readers at the end-since it is clear that it is not the wind, the readers who are good at god should think of the causal relationship between quietness and coolness; Then, it should be remembered that the moonlight, bamboo forest, shade and insects that appear in front of us are just paving the way for revealing the principle of enjoying the cool in silence. This is naturally more poetic than saying the original intention directly. Perhaps this is the theme of "shallow meaning and deep meaning, straight meaning and straight meaning" advocated by "Poetry" and "Poetry Talk".
2. Appreciation of ancient poems about summer.
The feeling of summer
Su Shunqin [Song Dynasty]
Quiet and quiet small yard, I lay on a bamboo mat, cool all over; Pomegranate flowers in full bloom outside the window, through the hanging bamboo curtain, reflected Hong Ying. (Xia Xiqing: Xia Chanqing)
The dense shade cut off the heat. It was at noon when I woke up and heard the intermittent chirping of orioles.
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Su Shunqin's poem "Summer Meaning" can express a quiet and secluded feeling in the heat of midsummer.
"Farewell hospital is deep in summer, Xia Ming": the word summer indicates the festival, and the words "Farewell hospital", "deep" and "bright" go deeper and deeper, forming a quiet atmosphere from the beginning. The other yard is the small yard next to the main yard. Deep, it is said that this small courtyard is deep in the house and deep in the courtyard, with a winding path leading to a secluded place. In this extremely quiet environment, some people have a bamboo mat. Han Yu's poem "The Gift of Zheng Qun" once described the bamboo mat as "eight feet of wind blowing" and "a clear blow when in doubt". "Summer mat is clear", which means that although it is midsummer, bamboo mats are cold in the depths of the yard. Deep is overlapping, deep and clear, with similar vowels and clear sound quality. This gives people a cool and profound feeling not only from the image of words, but also from the image of music.
"Pomegranates are everywhere, and the curtains are bright": The entrance is covered with Mingxia seats with the word "curtain". The poet was lying on the table, looking outside, only seeing the pomegranate in full bloom, showing its bright charm through the curtain. Han Yu once said, "Liu Hua will shine brilliantly in May" ("Liu Hua"), but the second sentence changed its meaning, but added a heavy curtain. Looking at pomegranate through the curtain, although the bonus is like fire, it is not harsh.
Tao Yuanming has a saying: "Love the forest in front of the hall, and store shade in midsummer" (The Book of the Republic of China). The third sentence of this poem is translated from Tao's poem, which says that although it is noon in midsummer, the yard is still clear, gloomy and cool. This sentence contrasts with the previous one. As you can imagine from the "shade everywhere", trees have become forests, not trees, but shade, which makes the yard cool and quiet.
What does the poet do in this quiet environment? It turned out that he had been comforted by the clear scenery in the yard. Although it was noon under the scorching sun, he was fast asleep. When he was "dreaming", he could only hear the crisp rhyme of one or two songbirds coming from the depths of the garden from time to time. It is the sound of warblers rather than orioles, which can not only see the shade of trees, but also reflect the deep tranquility of this small courtyard with the sound of whispering in silence. Tonggong Mountain is more secluded. According to Wang Ji's poem "If you enter Ye Xi" in the Southern Dynasties, Wang Wei's "Wu Xinyi" says: "The birds are surprised when the moon rises, and the spring water rings when the moon rises." The artistic conception of the last sentence is similar to that of two poems.
3. Appreciation of ancient poems about summer.
summer
Kou Zhun [Song Dynasty]
Centrifugal thinking is delayed, and no one is in the deep courtyard.
At dusk, the corridor smells of Yan language, and it is slightly rainy and cold in wheat and autumn.
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This poem describes the beautiful scenery and pleasant climate in early summer and evening. The poet grasped the characteristics of the landscape and wrote it. On the one hand, he wrote about the summer scenery, on the other hand, he reflected the poet's leisure life after being demoted and expressed his depressed mood after being demoted. This poem is elegant and natural.
The typical environment of the whole poem is the deep courtyard in early summer and evening. Early summer is when wheat is ripe, and autumn is the season of grain harvest. Because autumn is the season of grain ripening and harvest, Pan Geng, the first part of the book, said, "If farmers serve Tian Li, there will be autumn." "Wheat Autumn" is the early summer when wheat matures (April in the lunar calendar). At the moment, it is slightly cold and drizzling, the swallows return to their nests, and there is a murmur from the promenade in the deep courtyard. Birds are singing and people are speechless. Seeing the willows drooping, I can't help thinking of the poet. Poet Kou Shu's On Poetry, the poems written by Wang Wei, Wei and Zhao Sihong, All Written, Wang Wei's poems, Preparing for the Past and The Book of Songs are all poems for farmers. Poets learn from Wang Wei, so they have the saying of "Mai Qiu". Learn from Suzhou, so write more pastoral scenery and simple language. The phrase "No one crosses the wild water and crosses the sun alone" in the poet's "Going upstairs in spring" only expands the phrase "Crossing the wild water without a boat" in Wei's "Xixi Going to Chuzhou" into a couplet, and this poem of "centrifugal wandering" seems to be a work that can't be returned for a long time, and the phrase "No one hangs in the deep courtyard" is a bit stale.
The phrase "hesitant to think" involves the whole poetic perspective, loves my hometown and rhymes with "Mai Qiu". Poets are closely related to their agricultural strength. "No one in the deep courtyard" is in the poet's sight, and the strokes of the whole poem are from near to far. Because I don't want to leave, the thoughts of a month ago slowly welled up in my mind, and there is a rhyme below. Therefore, the phrase "think slowly" is actually the theme of the whole poem, and then deductively, moving the viewpoint, first writing the deep courtyard, then writing the promenade, and finally writing the vast desert and the "wheat autumn" season, chanting from near to far, and slowly releasing the charm. The conception of the whole poem is natural and simple, and it is a grand escape from the poet's "centrifugal" thought to the four seasons in vast expanse.
4. Appreciation of ancient poems about summer.
Summer in the mountain pavilion
Gao pian [Tang dynasty]
Green trees, deep shadows, long summer, the reflection of the tower in the pond.
The crystal curtains are blowing gently, and the roses are fragrant. (The crystal curtain is a water curtain)
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This is a seven-character quatrain describing the summer scenery.
"Trees are shaded and summer is long" seems dull, but careful consideration of the word "shade" not only makes the trees lush, but also implies that the "shade" can be "shaded" around noon in summer when the sun is like fire and the sun is scorching. This "thick" is not only a special accident of the shade, but also a deep meaning, that is, the shade is dense and deep. A Dream of Red Mansions describes the scene of the Grand View Garden at noon in midsummer, which means "the scorching sun is in the sky and trees are everywhere". Around noon in summer, people can feel that summer is very long. Yang Wanli's "Taking a nap in early summer" said that "sleeping for a long time is heartless", which was written by me.
"The balcony is reflected in the pond." Here, the poet visually wrote down the summer and the scenery. When the poet saw the quiet pond reflecting the reflections of pavilions and pavilions far and near, he naturally felt comfortable and relaxed, and wrote such a beautiful poem. The word "into the pool" is well used. He not only writes clear and fresh, but also writes about movement. He writes about ponds, so that the mountains and rivers can accommodate the hearts of pavilions and make the ponds bigger.
"The crystal curtain moves and the breeze rises" is the most exquisite sentence in the poem. This sentence can be divided into two meanings. First, the pool water under the scorching sun is crystal clear; The breeze is blowing gently and the sea is blue. The poet used the "crystal curtain moving" to describe this scene, which is wonderful and very realistic-the whole water surface is like a curtain made of crystal, blown by the wind, and under the rippling water waves, the reflection of the balcony shakes with it, which is very wonderful. Secondly, poets who look at the scenery first see the fluctuation of the pool water and then feel the wind. Summer breeze will not be felt at once, only when you see water waves, so it is said that "the crystal curtain moves and the breeze rises." If you write "the breeze rises" first and then "the crystal curtain moves", it will be as tasteless as chewing wax.
The poet in A Rose Full of Scent in a Courtyard writes about summer from the perspective of smell. Just as the poet was intoxicated with the beautiful summer scenery, suddenly there came a burst of flowers, which was refreshing and refreshed the poet's spirit. The rose was not seen by the poet. The poet may not know that there were roses in the yard, but the intoxicating fragrance reminded the poet. In the quiet and fresh scenery of the mountain pavilion under the scorching sun in summer, "full of roses" was added, which added bright colors and intoxicating fragrance, making the works full of unique agility and vitality in summer. In addition, "A Courtyard Fragrance" has something to do with the above sentence "The breeze rises". If there is no breeze, the fragrance of roses will not float over, and the poet naturally does not know that there are "full roses".
Poetry describes the summer scenery, using similar painting techniques: dark green trees, reflections on the balcony, water waves in the pond and roses on the shelf, forming a picture with bright colors and clear artistic conception. All this was described by the poet standing on the mountain pavilion. Although there are no mountain pavilions and poets in the poem, when people appreciate this poem, they seem to see mountain pavilions and leisurely poets.
5. Appreciation of ancient poems about summer.
Yiwangsun wrote the following words
Li Zhongyuan [Song Dynasty]
Feng Pu hunted to a small pond. After the rain, the lotus flowers were full of fragrance, and the heavy plums and pumpkins were cold and snowy. Bamboo square bed, needlework is unintentional, and dreams are long in the afternoon.
translate
In the small pond, the water plants in the wind are rustling, and the lotus flowers after the rain give off a fragrance that permeates the whole courtyard. At this time, I am enjoying the plums and melons put in the well and chilled with cold water, which are as cool as ice and snow in a relaxed and free way! Lying on a bamboo bed, who still has the mind to take a needle and thread as a female worker? I just want to have a good sleep!
To annotate ...
Hunting: the sound of the wind.
Yūng niān: too lazy to take it.
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Li Zhongyuan's Memories of Wang Sun originally had four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. They all described the scenery of the four seasons in a woman's tone and expressed their corresponding feelings. This summer poem was first written in a small pond. The water plants in the wind were hunting hard. After the rain, the lotus flowers gave off a refreshing fragrance, which filled the whole yard with the fragrance of lotus flowers. In hot summer, it is rare to be refreshed after the rain. At this time, I am enjoying plums and melons cooled with cold water in the well. It's as cold as ice and snow! On a square bed made of bamboo (big bed, double bed), who still has the mind to take a needle and thread as a female worker? It should be a very pleasant thing to have a good nap without sweating or fatigue!
Although the poem is short, it draws a lady with summer characteristics, which is meaningless.