Improper collocation
Improper collocation is a common language disease, which is the focus of the senior high school entrance examination. Almost every year, there are such language problems in the senior high school entrance examination. Improper collocation of sentence components includes: improper collocation of subject and predicate, improper collocation of verb and object, improper collocation of attribute, adverbial, complement, head and related words. For example:
Improper collocation of subject and predicate
Spring breeze blows waves, branches sway, moonlight and shadows sway together, making a rustling sound. ("Moonlight" makes no sound. )
(2) In the past, China was not self-sufficient in steel production. It is "steel" rather than "production" that cannot be self-sufficient. )
4. Improper collocation of verbs and objects
Before liberation, my father and brother didn't earn enough money to support their families. Only people can "feed" but not "live". )
In order to commemorate the arrival of March 8, everyone carefully prepared the program. (The commemoration can only be "March 8" day, not "coming". )
3. Improper collocation of modifiers and headwords.
At this meeting, there was an extensive exchange of views on the issue of wages. (instead of soliciting opinions extensively, it should be widely exchanged, which should be changed to "extensive exchange of opinions". )
He made great efforts to cultivate fine varieties. ("great" and "painstaking" are not properly matched and should be changed to "many")
4. Improper collocation of related words
If we middle school students lack innovative spirit, we can't adapt to the requirements of the era of knowledge economy. (The word "also" should be changed to "only". )
(2) Only by insisting on verification can the Iraq issue be resolved peacefully. When only and only are used together, the word just should be changed to only. )
Bicomponent malformation
Incomplete components, such as lack of subject, lack of predicate, lack of object and necessary modifiers. For example:
1. Missing theme
He was praised by his teachers and classmates for his good grades. What is the subject of "get"? Because of such good grades, he got ... ")
(2) It is very enlightening for everyone through the lectures of special-grade teachers. The preposition or object-object structure is used too much, making the original subject an adverbial. "Pass" or "Correct" should be deleted. )
4. Missing predicates
In the old society, working people did not have enough to eat and wear. (Or delete "live" or add "live" before "eat")
(2) Take an active part in handling social catastrophic accidents, defuse risks and stabilize social life. (Add "bear" before "participation")
3. Missing object
(1) We should make every effort to mechanize and collectivize our agriculture. ("Go" needs a noun as the object, "mechanization" and "collectivization" are verbs, and the sentence should be "Go on the road of ...")
As long as you are diligent and willing to endure hardships, nothing will be difficult for you. (Add "determination" after "willing to endure hardship")
4. Lack of necessary qualifiers.
Bacteria are harmful. ("Some" should be added)
Triple redundancy
Sentence structure is complete, meaning is clear, and unnecessary words are still used as components of the sentence, which is also called redundancy. Common situations are as follows: 1. Repetition of grammatical elements; Second, semantic accumulation. For example:
Ten players on the basketball court are having a fierce game. (If the predicate is repeated, the word "hit" should be deleted)
In fact, this is a worrying idea. (semantic accumulation, "worry" means thinking, and "thinking" should be deleted. )
③ Approach the beautiful Danyang Middle School and stop to enjoy it. Stop, stop, stop. Repeat, delete one.
Welcome the hero back in triumph. ("Triumph" includes "Return", and "Return" should be deleted. )
Incorrect word order
There are many kinds of improper word order, which should be analyzed flexibly by combining semantics and language structure. Common situations are: the words are in the wrong order; The position of modifier and head word is reversed; Improper word order of multilayer modifiers; Not conforming to language habits; The position of related words is incorrect. For example:
The document (1) has made detailed provisions and profound exposition on some problems in the economic field in theory and policy. The words are not arranged in the right order, so "profound explanation" should take care of "theory" and "detailed rules" should take care of "policy". )
China's cotton production is now self-sufficient. (The attributive and the head word are reversed and should be changed to "cotton production")
Many teachers talked enthusiastically with him in the lounge yesterday. (The multi-layer adverbial is out of order, and the object-object phrase is usually next to the head sentence, so it should be changed to "talk to him enthusiastically")
This song is very popular among music lovers. I'm not used to the word order, so "Duoduo" should be moved to the front of "Extensive". )
⑤ If there is something wrong with the ideas in a work, even if the words are good, it is unacceptable. ("Even if" should be moved before "Text". According to the original sentence, it becomes just words, not works. )
Five mixed sentences
Sentence hybridity refers to the mixing of two meanings or two sentence patterns in a sentence, which leads to confusion in structure and unclear meaning. For example:
It is the people's responsibility for us to make suggestions to the government. We put together the two meanings of "we make suggestions to the government" and "it is the people's responsibility to make suggestions to the government", and the word "we" should be deleted. )
After listening to his report, I was deeply inspired and educated. Mixing "his report gave me great inspiration and education" with "I was greatly inspired and educated after listening to his report", we should choose one of them. )
Six-sentence ambiguity
The so-called ambiguous sentence refers to a sentence that has lost its certainty and can be understood in one way or another. For example:
The director and deputy director attended the commendation meeting. (It is not clear whether the leaders of other bureaus are leaders of this bureau or leaders of other bureaus. )
(2) The attacks by Palestinian guerrillas on Israel were well prepared. (It is not clear whether "Palestinian guerrillas attack Israel" or "Israel attacks Palestinian guerrillas")
③ At present, the whole canal has been surveyed in 144. I didn't say how long the whole canal was. If the total length is 144, then 144 is only a part of the whole canal, so it can't be said that it is "completed", but it should be said that "the whole canal has been surveyed now". )
(4) introduce an authoritative work in the Philippines. (It can be understood as "introducing an authoritative work" or "introducing the Philippines". If the author refers to the latter, he should add "one kind" at the beginning of the sentence. )
Seven unreasonable
Unreasonable means that in expression, it violates people's logical thinking, objective reality, inconsistency, or ignores one thing, which leads to irrationality. For example:
He is one of many surviving victims. (Since he "survived" and naturally didn't die, how can he be said to be "one of the victims"? How many people died? He is the one who survived. )
Whether the re-employment project can be implemented smoothly is an important condition for maintaining social stability. ("Whether" has both positive and negative meanings. It can only be said that "the smooth implementation of the re-employment project is an important condition for maintaining social stability." Instead of saying that "the re-employment project cannot be implemented smoothly is also an important condition for maintaining social stability." )
Four, typical examples of senior high school entrance examination:
Example 1. (Weihai, 2005) Among the following statements, what is not wrong is ().
A.& lt& lt Journey to the West >> Wu Cheng'en's former residence is located in the beautiful Huai 'an.
B Strengthening legal awareness and improving self-protection ability are the needs of the healthy growth of teenagers.
C. In hot summer, mineral water such as Sprite, Wahaha and Nongfu Spring is one of candidates' favorite summer drinks.
D the success of China Everest mountaineering team is attributed to the spirit of unity and cooperation of all the team members.
[Resolution] Item A will be "> The author is Wu Cheng'en" and "Wu Cheng'en's former residence is located in beautiful Huai 'an". Choose one. Item C lists three kinds of drinks, which contradicts "one". Item d abuses related words, and the "reason" should be removed. A: B.
Example 2. (Weifang, 2004) Among the following sentences, the one that is not badly chosen is ().
A. The College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University used and developed the inactivated avian influenza oil emulsion vaccine. In laboratory tests, the immune effective rate can reach 100%.
B After two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the United States came to the conclusion that it can win a war without relying on a large military base.
C. Since the beginning of this year, with the listing of the full set of domestic children's animated books "The Legend of Nezha", the children's book "Harry Potter", which is popular all over the world, has suffered an impact on the dominance of children's books in China.
D. The National Development and Reform Commission recently issued a notice to significantly reduce the maximum retail price of 24 commonly used drugs, with an average price reduction of 30% and a price reduction of about 3.5 billion yuan.
[Analysis] The word order of item A is improper, so "use" and "development" should be interchanged. After item B is "conclusion", there is no object head, so "conclusion" can be added at the end of the sentence. The meanings of "about" and "about" in item D are duplicate. A: C.
Example 3 (Foshan, 2004) One of the following sentences without sick sentences is ()
A. The whole class and members can speak actively in class.
What a monster a dog should be to sparrows!
C. Through this colorful activity, we have learned a lot about being human.
D China accounts for one fifth of the world's population and is the largest country in the world.
[Analysis] A classmate and a member are included and included. C is missing a subject. D sentence pattern: B.
V. Technological breakthroughs
Basic methods of distinguishing and modifying sick sentences
(1) To distinguish whether a sentence is right or wrong with a sense of language, we should first read it carefully, think carefully, grasp it as a whole, and see whether the meaning of the sentence is clear, whether the content is reasonable, and whether the relationship between sentences is consistent with related words. With a sense of language, we can find some mistakes in sentences.
(2) Abbreviation method to find out the sentence trunk, and check whether the subject-predicate-object (head language) is incomplete and whether the collocation is appropriate.
(3) Decompose the branches and leaves (additional components attached to the subject, predicate and object) and check whether the branches and leaves match the corresponding trunk correctly.
(4) Focus method should pay special attention to decorative words and related words appearing in sentences, especially words appearing in pairs. First check whether there is abuse, misuse or improper collocation, and then see if the order of clauses is reasonable.
Sixth, expand and extend.
1, one of the following statements is ()
A. From his speech, he inspired me greatly.
We should save unnecessary expenses and waste as much as possible.
C. unity is the key to doing a good job.
D. If everyone pays attention to hygiene, our health will be guaranteed.
2. There is no ill sentence in the following statement ()
A. Yuelu Mountain in late autumn is a good time for people to enjoy the red leaves and climb the mountain.
B. Educators should be good at guiding students to see the world with beautiful eyes and feel the world with beautiful hearts.
C. We should solve and discover the problems in our study in time.
D whether the "stubborn disease" of internet cafes can be cured is one of the conditions to ensure the healthy growth of teenagers.
3. There is no ill sentence in the following statement ()
A, people often can't help laughing after reading Zhao Benshan's sketches.
B, whether students can keep normal in the examination room is the key to their normal level.
C At the Spring Festival party, Guanyin with a Thousand Hands, a large-scale dance performed by the disabled, won unanimous praise from the audience.
Strengthening the ideological and moral construction of minors is an important and urgent task for schools, families and society.
4. Choose a sentence that is not wrong. ( )
First, without the oil industry, the development of various industries such as transportation is unimaginable.
B, of course, such repeated courses add a great burden to students, which is a great contradiction to the health problems of young people.
Just then, the machine suddenly broke down and the boiler had to be shut down.
D, veteran cadres and new cadres should do a good job of unity.
There are two ill sentences in the following paragraph. Please find and correct them.
Relevant medical professionals and psychologists believe that some teenagers who have been obsessed with surfing the Internet for a long time will suffer from a disease-"Internet addiction". The main symptoms of this disease are: mental dependence, not thinking about tea and rice, memory loss and anxiety. Some parents don't realize that this is a disease, but stop their children from surfing the internet in a simple and rude way. To this end, experts suggest that while strengthening network supervision, we must also find ways to treat diseases.
In the first sentence, amend:
In the second sentence, amend the opinion:
6. The following is a composition fragment written by a classmate. After reading it carefully, please select 4-6 places (no more than 6 places) and use the designated symbols (not all of them are necessary) to modify it. (4 points)
I remember it was a night last winter, and my mother scolded me with a 77-point math card: "Tell me, what if you can't get into a key high school in one year?" Before I could speak, she said, "Into an ordinary high school?" I nodded in shame. "What if ordinary high schools are not admitted?" I thought for a while, and I remember I answered confidently: "I must be admitted to an ordinary high school."
Extended reference answers: 1, D 2, B 3, C 4, C 5, the third sentence means "prevent surfing the internet" and the result is "prevent not surfing the internet", so "No" should be deleted; The word order is reversed, and the words "effective" and "seeking" are exchanged. 6. Revise the reference: ① Add the word "test paper" after "Mom holds 77 points of mathematics"; ② The word "scold" is inappropriate, so it can be changed to "ask" and "blame"; 3 "'You tell me, what if I can't get into a key high school after one year? "In short, the question mark should be in quotation marks; (4) "I nodded in shame." The word "shame" in Chinese is not suitable, so it can be changed into words like "shame" and "shame". ⑤ "I thought for a while, and I remember I answered confidently:"' Remember me at that time' is redundant and should be deleted; ⑥ The word "self-confidence" in "Answering confidently" is inappropriate, so it can be changed to "self-confidence" and "full of confidence"; ⑦ "I must be admitted to an ordinary high school." The mixed sentence can be changed to "I want to enter an ordinary high school." Or "I will definitely be admitted to an ordinary high school." Wait, if the period is changed to an exclamation point.