Reduplication is also a type of expression and has its own specific meaning.
Reduplicated words are: words and words can often be used together.
Be careful when reading ABB-style repeated words!
In the article "Autumn Arrives" in the second volume of the primary school Chinese textbook, there is a repeated word "黄成成". Looking up the "Modern Chinese Dictionary", "cheng" is a polyphonic character with two original sounds, namely "dèng" (pronounced Deng) and "chéng" (pronounced Cheng). Whether the word "成" in "黄成成" is pronounced as "dèng" or "chéng" is a seemingly simple question, but it has stumped countless Chinese teachers. The teacher who read "dèng" brought out the "Modern Chinese Dictionary", which said that when the word "cheng" is pronounced as "dèng", it means "let the impurities sink to make them clear", and "yellow Chengcheng" means that all other colors will sink. After it went down, it was so yellow that there was no variegation at all, so it should be pronounced "dèng". The teacher who reads "chéng" also brought out the "Modern Chinese Dictionary". The annotations of the entries seem to be more conducive to the pronunciation of the word "chéng", because when the word "cheng" is pronounced as "chéng", it has two meanings: one is very clear, and the other is To make it clear, and several examples were found, such as Chengbi, Clearness, Clarity, etc., so it should be read as "chéng".
The role of repeated words in poetry
Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice" uses seven sets of repeated words at the beginning, "Searching and searching, deserted and lonely, miserable and miserable." " has always been appreciated by people. Xu Yi's "Ci Yuan Cong Tan": "The first sentence contains fourteen overlapping characters, which is really like big and small beads falling on a jade plate." King Shao of Liang called it "a surprise victory, which is really incredible."
What is the beauty of these seven sets of repeated words? First of all, in terms of content, it appropriately expresses the poet's mental state after suffering misfortune. "Looking for and searching" focuses on actions, uneasiness, and feeling lost; "deserted and clear" focuses on feelings, loneliness and isolation; "miserable and miserable" focuses on mood, which is miserable and desolate, and miserable all day long. The three are connected together by "emotion". Secondly, the sound beats rapidly, sonorously and rhythmically. In addition, it structurally sets the tone for the entire poem, creating a sad atmosphere that makes readers hold their breath and be affected by it.
It can be seen that overlapping words have unique charm in poetry creation, and its special functions are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
First, image. The appropriate use of overlapping characters in the poem can make the natural scenery or characters described more vivid. The first six sentences of "Green Grass by the River" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" use six sets of repeated words: "Green grass by the river, lush willows in the garden. The girl upstairs is full of beauty, shining brightly at the window. E'e's makeup is red and pink, and her slender hands are bare. "The first two sentences describe the scenery, using "green" and "luxuriant" to depict the dense vitality of spring vegetation; the last four sentences describe people, and the four sets of overlapping words describe the missing woman's posture, appearance, dress, etc. very realistically, and it is almost ready to be seen. .
"Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a model in the use of overlapping characters. Another example is "Far Altair". The whole poem has only ten lines and uses six sets of overlapping words: "Far Altair is a Han woman on a bright river. She slenderly lifts her plain hands, and she is doing tricks. ... There is a lot of water in the water, and the pulses are flowing. Speechless." vividly expresses the lingering feelings of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
Some verses are more artistically charming due to their exquisite use of overlapping words, winning praise from people and becoming famous throughout the ages. For example, Du Fu's "Many branches are easy to fall one after another, and the tender stamens bloom carefully after discussion" ("Seven Quatrains Alone by the River Looking for Flowers"), using "many" and "thinly" to express one's cherishment and love for flowers. , the words seem to be crazy, but the feelings are sincere. Another example is Wei Yingwu's "Momo sails come with heavy weight, and dark birds depart late" ("Fu De Mu Yu Sends Li Zhou off"), the two sets of overlapping words make the artistic conception of the poem deeper. "Houhu Collection" says that every time I read this sentence, "I feel confused and sigh," and I hope that the sentence "Picture of Suzhou" (Wei Yingwu) will be on the wall, so that I can be silent and wander around in the eight extremes.
The second is accuracy. Duplicate characters can imitate sounds as well as colors, achieving the rhetorical effect of imitating shapes and making the images expressed more precise. For example, in "An Ancient Poetry Composed by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife", "The officials and horses are in front, and the bride's carriage is behind, and they are faintly dimpled, and they all meet at the entrance of the main road." The words "faint" and "diandian" are used to imitate the sound of carriages and horses, which is very accurate and exaggerated. It captures the sad atmosphere when Lanzhi was sent home, giving people a heavy feeling. Duplicate characters can also imitate various sounds; in Du Fu's "Ascend the High", "the boundless falling trees are rustling down", use "Xiao Xiao" to imitate the sound of falling leaves; in Huang Chao's "Inscription on Chrysanthemums", "the rustling autumn wind fills the courtyard", use "whispering" to imitate the sound of wind The sound of wind; in Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" "Leaning on the Railing, the Xiaoxiao Rain Stops", using "Xiaoxiao" to imitate the sound of rain... When overlapping words were used to match the marriage, he wrote: "The matchmaker got out of bed, Nonofuerer." Here "Nonono Fuerer" " and "er'er" are the sounds of approval, which are equivalent to words such as "good, good" and "just like that" in modern Chinese. The two sets of repeated words vividly portray the smooth and flattering character of the talkative matchmaker. Another example is that "Mulan Ci" uses the refrain "chirp, chirp, chirp" to describe Mulan's sigh, which is also very accurate.
There are many examples of using overlapping words to imitate colors. For example, Bai Juyi's "A ray of setting sun spreads over the water, half of the river is rustling and half of the river is red" ("Yin of the Dusk River"), using "sese" to describe the color of the river water like jasper.
The third is musicality. Overlapping words can make the poem's rhythm harmonious, making it catchy when read and pleasant to listen to. For example, Li Bai's "Ten of Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Thousands of heather trees, tens of thousands of privet forests.
The mountains are full of egrets, and the white apes sing in the streams. Don't go to Qiupu, the sound of apes will break the hearts of guests. "The first four sentences of the poem are each led by overlapping words, with a bright rhythm and full of musical beauty.
There are also overlapping words used to describe music. For example, "The big strings are noisy" in Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" "Noisy like pelting rain, small strings like whispers", "The first and second strings in "Five-string Play" are loose and rhymed in the autumn wind. The third and fourth strings are "Ling Ling, the night crane remembers the song in the cage" and so on. These repeated words express the strength, speed and severity of the music in a very concrete and perceptible way.
The repeated words in classical poetry The frequency of word usage is very high. Someone has made statistics and found that 200 of the 305 articles in the Book of Songs use double words. As Liu Xie said: "'Zhuozhuo' resembles the freshness of peach blossoms, and 'Yiyi' makes the appearance of willows. 'Gaogao' means the appearance of the sunrise, 'Lulu' imitates the shape of rain and snow, '喈喈' sounds like chasing yellow birds, and '哓喓' imitates the rhyme of grass and insects. "There are more than 350 lines in the poem with these redundant words, and the use of redundant words in as many as 26 places constitutes a major artistic feature of this narrative poem. Therefore, when appreciating classical poetry, it is important to pay attention to the special nature of redundant words. Features cannot be ignored.