On Poetry Appreciation Methods and Problem-solving Skills
Poetry appreciation is the embodiment of the ability
On Poetry Appreciation Methods and Problem-solving Skills
Poetry appreciation is the embodiment of the ability to appreciate literary works and appreciate the charm of language art. We should pay attention to the overall appreciation, especially from the objective questions before 2002 to the subjective questions that can better examine the comprehensive quality of candidates. With the continuous improvement of scores, the difficulty naturally increases. Mencius said: "There must be a law for everything, and then it can be achieved." If you master the method of appreciation, you will turn the difficult into the easy, build a strategic plan from a strategic perspective, follow the law, and win by cleverness. So how to treat poetry appreciation ability? And what kind of problem-solving skills are there? The author starts with the following points:
First, from the language, grasp the key words and grasp the emotional tone.
Classical poetry always carefully selects those vivid words to express the meaning accurately, vividly, vividly and delicately. Those keywords that highly gather the author's emotions or describe the atmosphere are called words or words. Among them, there is what the ancients called "refining words". Among them, poems such as "one word breaks several stems and whiskers" and "five words breaks one heart" are vivid descriptions of refined Chinese characters, which can reflect the main idea of the text and express the poet's feelings. For example, the words "splash" and "stormy waves" in Du Fu's Spring Hope, such as "the petals have flowed like tears, and the lonely bird has sung its grief", not only make the words fresh, but also add to the poet's inner pain of hating others. Another example is Li Yu's "The Mermaid", in which the phrase "how much sorrow you can have is like a river flowing eastward" is a metaphor for endless sadness.
How to ask such questions: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? Which word do you think is more appropriate and why? Please briefly analyze (Liaoning volume in 2005) that classical poetry pays special attention to refining words, and briefly analyze the role of the word "empty" in expressing feelings (Zhejiang volume in 2004)
Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it? Can a word in a poem be replaced by a word or other words? Please briefly analyze the reasons. Please analyze the beauty of a word in the poem.
Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Such as: Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie Nanpu is sad, and the west wind rolls the autumn wind. As soon as I see heartbroken, I can't go back. People used to think that the word "Kan" seemed ordinary, but it was actually very vivid. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). The word "look" alone vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).
Second, analyze the image, experience the artistic conception and feel the poetry.
Image is the objective object that sustains the poet's emotion and constitutes the artistic conception of poetry. Artistic conception is an integrated artistic realm created by the fusion of the poet's subjective feelings and objective scenery. Image is the basis of artistic conception, and artistic conception is a picture full of artistic scenes created by the author through image. To understand the artistic conception, we must first grasp the image of the poem, and then expand the association, so as to understand the content, thoughts and feelings of the work. For example, Du Fu's "Jianghan", "Jianghan thinks that returning guests, Gan Kun is a corrupt scholar. The sky is far away. Lonely nights and the moon. The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick. In ancient times, you didn't have to walk a long way to save an old horse. " The images of "a cloud" and "a lonely moon" are chosen to create a bleak artistic conception, which reveals the author's loneliness and boredom. Poets wandering in Jianghan, in the face of autumn wind, not only did not feel sad about autumn, but felt sick for the Soviet Union. The two images of "sunset" and "autumn wind" render a magnificent and open artistic conception, and also reflect the author's optimistic, broad-minded and self-reliant spirit of "Martyrs in their twilight years".
There are several ways to ask such questions: what is the main image of this poem? (Zhejiang Volume in 2005) What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? What kind of mood did you express? What atmosphere did Liaoning Volume (2005) render? What kind of mood did the author express? (National Volume 2006)
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? How to express the poet's feelings?
Solution analysis: this is the most common question type, including three aspects: scene, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps: (1) Summarize the characteristics of scenery to create atmosphere. (2) Describe the picture displayed in the poem. (3) Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings.
For example, Du Fu's "Two quatrains" (I) "It is late, the rivers and mountains are beautiful, and the flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. Mud melts and swallows fly, sand warms and mandarin ducks sleep. " What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the soil melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy nesting with the soil, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (step 1). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and leisurely mood after he finished running around and lived a stable life (the third step)
Third, memorizing the professional "terms" of artistic techniques will get twice the result with half the effort.
Classical poetry has its own characteristics in writing and originality in expression. For example, the technique of "scene blending" in lyric poetry; The composition of "connecting the past with the future" pursued in quatrains and metrical poems. To make poetry vivid and lyrical, we must use various artistic techniques to express it, and then master some common artistic techniques and quote professional "terms", which will often get twice the result with half the effort in poetry appreciation. Among them, artistic techniques can be divided into three categories:
1. expression method
There are many ways to express poetry. Students should accumulate some necessary terms, such as: Fu, Bi, Xing, combination of reality and fiction, allusions, association, imagination, contrast, exaggeration, symbol, contrast, intonation, lyricism, emotion in the scene, expression, etc., and learn to use these terms to appreciate poetry. Such as Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling? The first part of Cold Sorrow focuses on real writing, and the next part is about the combination of virtual writing and reality, which vividly writes the reluctant feelings between lovers. For example, "the cicada noisy forest is quieter, the sound palace mountain is quieter" and "the bird is surprised when the moon rises and the spring flows" are all set off by quietness. Such as Zhang Kejiu's "[double tone] Qingjiang Yin Yin? "West Wind and Autumn" sent a letter to Wan Li, asking me if I would return. Wild geese crow in red leaves, people get drunk in yellow flowers, and banana rains in Qiu Meng. "The poet firmly grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and the sound of rain. Because the arrival of "west wind" is related to the uncertainty of "return date"; Because of The Sound of Banana Rain, I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is a description of the scenery, and every sentence is the unity of lyricism, emotion and scenery. For example, Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing: "Half of our men died at the front, but the other half is still alive, and the beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them in the camp. "Comparing the death of soldiers on the battlefield with the indulgence of the general, the image is vivid and profound.
2. Rhetoric
We should be good at analyzing and appreciating poetry with the rhetorical knowledge we have learned together. Metaphor, metonymy, antithesis, exaggeration, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical questions, truthfulness and echo are often used in classical poetry, such as Liu Yuxi's poem Looking at Dongting Lake, a green snail in a silver plate, which skillfully compares the mountain under the bright moon Yin Hui to a green snail in a silver plate, with elegant colors and beautiful scenery. "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" is bold and exaggerated, and the waterfall rushes thousands of miles. The momentum of the last stage is still strong in front of readers. If you rigidly apply scientific thinking, you will be at a loss about these poems. Li Qingzhao's Dream "Do you know, do you know? "Green, fat, red and thin" is a metonymy, and leaves and flowers are replaced by "green" and "red" colors respectively to describe the lush leaves and the withering flowers. It can be seen that knowing how to use rhetorical knowledge to appreciate poetry often gets twice the result with half the effort. .
3. Expression mode
Narration, description, discussion, lyricism, explanation and other expressions in writing are common in poetry, so we should pay attention to appreciation. For example, Lu Meipo's "Xue Mei": "Xue Mei refused to surrender for spring, and the poet pavilion paid a comment. The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a plum. " Based on the characteristics of Snow White and Mei Xiang, the last two sentences judge that Mei Xue is both good and has its own advantages: plum blossom is white, but it is still poor; Snow is better than plums, but it has no fragrance of plums. Judging from this, the poet is alluding to people. Everything in nature always has its own advantages, but it is also a fly in the ointment. This is true in Xue Mei, but isn't it true in social life? In Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum, the last two sentences, "Chrysanthemum is not favored among flowers, but there are no blooming flowers", show the reason why the author likes chrysanthemum, thus highlighting the noble temperament of chrysanthemum and praising its loyalty after weathering and withering. Poetry appreciation in college entrance examination often examines the expression of poetry, so it is necessary to strengthen the training of poetry expression.
There are several ways to ask this kind of question: what expression is used in this poem to express the poet's thoughts and feelings? What are the artistic features of three or four sentences in this poem? (Fujian Volume in 2006) What means does the poet use to express the theme of his work, and briefly analyzes it with the whole poem. (Jiangxi Volume, 2006) What techniques does the author mainly use to express his feelings? Please explain the rhetorical devices used in the third and fourth sentences of this poem (Anhui Volume 2006) in detail with the whole word. Please specify (National Volume 2005)
Question variant: What technique is used in this poem? What kind of artistic technique is used in this poem? How do poets express their feelings? What are the characteristics of this poem in expression skills?
To solve this problem, we must grasp the overall conception of poetry, analyze it with poetry, and answer the expressed ideological content and benefits in this way. If you ask a question, what is the expression of this poem? This should focus on the main points and consider the whole, rather than just answering the tactics used by a certain alliance.
Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
As Chen's "Leave Early" shows, camels are brown and light, and stars are pale. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing. "What is the main expression of this poem? What's the effect?
A: This poem mainly uses the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).
Knowledge and Skills of Appreciation of Ancient Poetry and Ci
College entrance examination sites:
Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works. ② Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's views and attitudes.
Interpretation of (1) test sites
1. Appreciate the images in the works, including images of objects, landscapes and people, grasp the characteristics of images, analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in images, and understand the typical significance of images.
2. Appreciate the language of the work, including accurately understanding the specific meaning, figurative meaning, implied meaning and implied meaning of related words; It also includes accurately understanding the deep meaning and moral of important words; Appreciate the artistic effect of poetic language in depicting images, expressing emotions and creating artistic conception.
3. Appreciate the expression skills, including metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, synaesthesia, pun, contrast, irony, repetition and other rhetorical skills, and express feelings by borrowing scenes, blending scenes, expressing feelings by borrowing things, satirizing the present by borrowing the ancient, using allusions, paving the way, symbolizing, comparing, setting off, contrasting, and suppressing first.
4. Evaluating the ideological content of a work includes summarizing the theme, analyzing the political, ideological and life significance of the work, and appreciating the author's life interest, aesthetic interest and artistic style.
Knowledge reserve
1, Basic knowledge of ancient poetry: Poetry is divided into ancient poetry (also known as "ancient style") and modern poetry (also known as "metrical poetry").
Classical poetry: including all poems except Chu Ci before the appearance of modern poetry, and all poems except modern poetry after the appearance of modern poetry. "Song, line and tune" are respectively a genre of classical poetry.
Modern poetry: divided into metrical poems and quatrains. Each poem has five laws (five characters) and seven laws (seven characters). First couplet (one or two sentences), parallel couplet (three or four sentences), neck couplet (five or six sentences) and tail couplet (seven or eight sentences), parallel couplet and neck couplet must be couplets. Each quatrain has five quatrains (five characters) and seven quatrains (seven characters), and two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be played or not, and it usually rhymes in the end.
Ci is a new poetic style, which was produced in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, popular in the middle Tang Dynasty, developed in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and achieved success in the Song Dynasty. Words are also called long and short sentences (the number and length of sentences vary) and poems (developed from poems). According to the length of words, words are divided into monotonous (also called Xiao Ling, which is generally considered to be within 58 words), midrange (generally divided into upper and lower gaps, 58-90 words) and long tone (more than 9 1 word and more than three gaps). Words have epigrams, and the rhythm and rhyme of each word are strictly defined.
Qu: Sanqu, which is divided into "Xiao Ling" and "Ji Shu". It is a new poetic style gradually formed in the Song and Jin Dynasties. The biggest difference between Qu and Ci is that Qu can add lines to the specified number of words, thus increasing the vividness of language and expressing thoughts and feelings more freely and flexibly.
2. Image: refers to the concrete and sensible life picture-people, things, things and scenery-described by the poet through the language of poetry, which can be understood and reproduced by readers. It comes from life, is tangible, has no author's perceptual thought, and is objective.
In addition, we should understand the meaning of traditional images, such as full moon, broken willow, long pavilion, flowing water, flute playing, phoenix tree, cloud, winter, red beans, red leaves, flute playing, chasing deer, bonfire, starling, Wu Gou, double carp and so on.
3. Artistic conception: refers to an intriguing artistic realm formed by the organic combination of the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet and the life picture depicted in the poem. It is the product of the organic combination of the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet and the life picture described in the poem.
There are some techniques to create artistic conception, such as "live lyric", "express one's mind directly", "scene lyric" and "scene interaction".
4 Expression skills
(1) such as refining words, sentences and meanings.
(2) the combination of reality and reality in material selection (real scene is the realistic and objective scenery described by the poet, that is, the immediate scenery and considerable scenery; Virtual scene is the scene created by the poet through feeling, association or imagination, that is, the scene in his heart and the scene that can be imagined. The combination of reality and fiction is often the basic method of artistic conception of ancient poetry.
③ Contrast in material selection: Contrast in ancient poetry expression skills is an expression skill relative to "positive contrast". In order to make the description of something more clear and prominent in the works, opposites and opposites are used to complement each other. It is different from "contrast", in which the relationship between two things is juxtaposed, and the result is to highlight both sides; Contrast, however, can clearly distinguish what is set off from what is set off, and highlight the one that is set off.
④ Dynamic and static combination in content: sometimes it can be understood as "dynamic and static combination" and "dynamic and static combination".
⑤ The foreshadowing and care of the structure: The poet's hints and explanations at readers' casual places make the poetry structure rigorous, echoing from beginning to end and echoing the title.
Structural contrast: Contrast refers to a method of juxtaposing two contradictory things or two contradictory aspects of the same thing in a work. This method is suitable for highlighting the image characteristics and revealing the image meaning, and it is also easy to have a sharp and profound effect on the expression of the theme.
⑦ Questions and suspense about structure.
⑧ In terms of moral meaning, we can borrow scenery to express feelings (directly and indirectly), borrow ancient times to express feelings, and use classic sentences (that is, stories or words in ancient books flexibly used in poetry). Classical poetry can be concise, elegant and solemn, implicit and meaningful, and get twice the result with half the effort.
In more cases, the artistic techniques of ancient poetry are not all single, but often comprehensive and complex. When appreciating, we should pay attention to analyzing the artistic features in the specific context and the overall poetic context, and don't simply fall into the strange circle of terms and concepts. Sometimes, according to different questions and different requirements, we should make a correct judgment from the specified angle.
5. Rhetorical devices: "Bixing, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition, metaphor, transposition, duality and synaesthesia" are widely used.
6. Language style of poetry: The language style of ancient poetry is generally solemn, serious, humorous and humorous; Image, vividness and conciseness; Concise and meticulous; Implicit and clear; Sharp and peaceful; Delicate, euphemistic, generous and warm. There are concentrated, heavy, gorgeous, bright and plain.
7. Style and genre. Different writers' life experiences, emotional temperament and personal accomplishment will form different styles, and people with similar styles will form schools. Knowing this can help us understand the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Therefore, "style" refers to the poet's creative characteristics in choosing themes, shaping images and using language. For example, Tao Yuanming's poems are quiet and peaceful, Wang Wei's poems are paintings, Li Bai's poems are bold and elegant, and Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated. Genre mainly refers to the genre of poetry and the genre of writing.
① Poetry schools: realism and romanticism.
Realism: advocate objective observation of real life, describe reality accurately and delicately, and truly represent typical people in typical environments. Source: The Book of Songs; Representative writers: Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Lu You.
Romanticism: Good at expressing passionate pursuit of ideals, using passionate language, strange imagination, exaggeration and fairy tales to shape images. Source: Chu Ci; Representative writers: Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Li He, Gong Zizhen, etc.
(2) The genre of words: bold, graceful and unrestrained, bold: magnificent, high style, bold artistic conception and emotional agitation. Representative figures: Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Graceful school: soft style, delicate feelings, euphemistic lingering, and far-reaching charm. Representative figures: Liu Yong, Jiang Kui, Qin Guan and Li Qingzhao.
8. The main categories of ancient poetry. According to the different themes of poems, ancient poems can be divided into scenery (lyric) poems, chronicle (nostalgia) poems, history (nostalgia) poems, pastoral (landscape) poems, frontier (battle) poems and so on.
Homesickness poetry: either expressing yearning for hometown or expressing concern for relatives.
Poems about nostalgia: Narrating and expressing feelings, expressing personal feelings such as farewell, nostalgia, sadness and feelings about time through the narration of specific events. Such as "Farewell to Du Fu in Shu" and "Wang Chun" by Du Fu.
Reciting ancient poems (chanting epic poems): The poet's recitation of a historical event or historical figure has generally integrated into the poet's unique knowledge, reciting with history, memorizing people with history, governing history with history, and pointing to the present with history. Express the memory of the ancients, or express the sigh of the ups and downs of the past. For example, Tao Yuanming, Liu Yuxi and Du Mu are all poets.
Lyric by scenery, lyrical by things: either express the sadness of not being able to serve the country, or express the quality of not being willing to go with the flow of the world, or express the good and bitter ambition by scenery, or express the noble quality by things. Poetry about things: the main feature is to express one's ambition by supporting things. The "things" in this kind of ancient poems are mostly images with specific meanings. For example, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony symbolizes wealth, and Huayang means autumn. Different images have different connotations.
Pastoral poetry: Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry, and Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasties is the originator of landscape poetry. The school of pastoral poetry was formed in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi and Chang Jian.
Frontier Poems (War Poems): Describing frontier life and ethnic conflicts, there are a series of things related to frontier fortress, expressing the aversion to war or yearning for peace. Formed in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan made the highest achievements.
Farewell poems: either express reluctant feelings or express thoughts after parting.
(3) Method guidance
Analysis and appreciation of specific works;
⑴ Analyze the imagery (imagery, artistic conception, etc.) of poetry. Artistic conception is the artistic realm of things described in works, and it is the dialectical unity of the author's subjective feelings, thoughts and the "environment" (or image) in real life. For example, Xie Lingyun's "Pond Upstairs": "Changchun grass in the pond and willow in the garden become songbirds." From the spring grass and the singing of birds in the garden, the poet felt the vitality of spring, and revealed the poet's joy in writing the scenery, achieving the harmonious unity of emotion and scenery.
⑵ Analyze the conception of poetry (that is, thoughts and feelings). Artistic conception is the poet's intention to create poetry, which can also be said to be the theme and soul of the work. Therefore, to analyze and appreciate a poem, we must first look at the intention.
⑶ Analyze the expressive techniques of poetry. To understand and appreciate a poem accurately, we must know what expressive techniques are used in this poem and what functions these techniques have. For example, Zhu's "Random Thoughts on Reading": "Open half an acre of square pond, the sky is high and the clouds are light. How can the canal be so clear? Because there is running water at the source. " The title of this poem is Reading Feelings, but there is no word "book" throughout. But through metaphor, it shows that reading can broaden the mind, gain insight into the world and cultivate human feelings. Scholars should constantly absorb new knowledge, so as to keep their thoughts from being rigid and keep their vitality forever.
⑷ Grasp the key words and realize the ingenuity of the author in using words to make sentences. The ancients paid great attention to "refining words" in poetry creation, "singing a word and breaking several stems". Therefore, when we analyze poetry, we should pay attention to choosing words. For example, Wang Anshi wrote "Jiang Nanan Spring Breeze is Green", and Song Qi wrote "The branches of red apricots are noisy in spring". The "green" and "noisy" in these two sentences vividly describe the vigorous vitality of spring. Another example is the sentence written at night in Zhang Xian's Fairy: "The clouds break the moon." The word "de" makes the flowers seem to have consciousness, which makes people imagine that not only the flowers are swaying in the wind, but also the shadows are dancing, which makes people feel the beauty of the moonlight.
Master the appreciation method:
(1) The general method of grasping the ideological content (what to write and what to express).
(1) Review the topics and search for information. The title is the eye of the article, and some poetry titles tell a lot of information. For example, Yang Wanli's "Seeing Lin Zifang at Dawn in Jingci Temple" explained the content (farewell), time and object; Zhang Ji's "Qiu Si" is named after the emotional tone; The title of Jia Dao's Li Ning's Seclusion hints at the content. Quiet: deep, secluded and hidden. All these can help us answer questions.
(2) see the author, know the world. The college entrance examination sometimes chooses famous books. These writers all have their own unique life experiences and unique work styles. Knowing this man and his style will make it much easier to understand his works. When reading Su Shi's River of No Return, we naturally have to understand his "uninhibited words" and Li Qingzhao's "Like a dream, it was stormy last night". Naturally, we won't say that it is "straightforward" because the author belongs to the graceful school, which is characterized by twists and turns, tactfulness, implication, exquisiteness and sadness.
(3) Native products, focusing on key points. College entrance examination questions often start with key words (poetic eyes), which is actually a breakthrough in reading poetry.
(4) Grasp the whole and make comprehensive reference. First, grasp the full-text image emotion. Second, grasp the last sentence. On the basis of the above narration and scenery description, it is a major feature of China's poetry to finally make lyrical comments and make the finishing point. The last sentence (couplets) usually plays a role in expressing emotions, such as Jia Sheng in Li Shangyin's works: "The propaganda room asks for sages to visit ministers, and Jia Sheng's tone is even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. " The last couplet clearly shows the author's sympathy for Jia Sheng and satire on Emperor Xiaowen. Third, grasping the supplementary notes and explanations after the poem and in the stem can often help us understand its writing background, writing purpose and the meaning of some words.
⑵ The general method (how to write) to appreciate the expressive skills of poetry.
① Understand the function of common rhetorical methods.
Such as metaphor: turn plain into vivid; Turn abstruse into simple; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into conciseness.
Metonymy: replacing complexity with simplicity; Replace the virtual with the real; Replace ordinary with odd numbers; Exchange things for feelings.
Contrast: bright colors; Depicting the image; Rich in meaning.
There are also rhetorical methods such as exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions.
② Master general expression skills.
Lyricism means: direct lyricism (direct expression of one's own mind), borrowing scenery to express feelings, integrating feelings into scenery, indirect lyricism, relying on things to express one's ambition, cherishing the past and cherishing the present, that is, feelings about things.
Expression techniques: description, lyricism, narration (expression), setting off, comparison, and combination of reality and fiction (conception skills)
(3) Learn to use the words commonly used in the appreciation of ancient poetry.
Words that reflect the overall expression of ancient poetry: direct lyricism (or direct expression, that is, expressing feelings for things) and indirect lyricism, including lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by borrowing scenery and lyricism by supporting things.
Words that reflect the poet's feelings: joy, pleasure, excitement, sadness, indignation, sadness, praise, admiration, farewell, attachment and leisure.
Words that reflect the language characteristics of ancient poetry are concise, concise, humorous, humorous, simple and natural, fresh and beautiful, vivid, rhythmic, musical and artistic.
Words that embody the structural characteristics of ancient poetry: neat antithesis, gradual expansion, interlocking and echo.
When answering such questions, students are most likely to be careless and ignore the number of question marks, resulting in incomplete answers or irrelevant answers. If you don't pay attention to the order of the questions, the expression of the answers will not be clear.
Attention should be paid when answering: carefully examine the questions, grasp the information in the stem of the questions, and make clear the angle of asking for answers. Answer key question marks, so that you can answer whatever you ask, want and give, and don't answer indiscriminately. Answer in the order of questions, don't answer incoherently, try to be concise and clear.
Standardized answer:
(1) answer requirements: meet the requirements of the topic; Meet the requirements of poetry appreciation.
(2) Angle of answer:
(1) The topic is small, so cut in from the specified angle. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
One spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute (Li Bai): the sound of the darkness of the flute flying into the spring wind. Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
When commenting on this poem, predecessors once said that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? Do you agree with the key theory? Why? (This question is very small at the beginning, so I will answer it from "Folding Willow". Please see the reference answer given: The song "Folding Willow" means to bid farewell to the distant future. This poem expresses homesickness, and this homesickness is produced by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow", which shows that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. )
The topic is wide open, so you can cut in at any angle. For example, read the next word, try to cut into people from one angle and write a compliment.
Young people listen to the rain (Jie Jiang): Young people listen to the rain on the balcony, and the red candle is faint. In the prime of life, the boat is listening to the rain, and the wild geese in the river are called the west wind. Now listening to the rain monk Lu, there are stars on his temples. Sorrow and joy are always ruthless until dawn. Answer this question, don't cover everything, just write around one point. For example, from the content, image, clues, language style and so on. )
(3) the format of the answer:
1 View first, then reason: When solving problems, show your views first and then state your reasons.
2 Divide first and then summarize: divide first and then summarize when answering questions.
(3) First and last points: When answering questions, always say first and then points.
4 point-by-point answer: when answering questions, divide them into several points and list the answers.
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