Poetry talk is a form of China's ancient poetry theory criticism.
Poetry talks germinated very early, such as the comments on Fu and Fu in Miscellanies of Xijing. In the literature and arrangement of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Xie An excerpted and commented on the excellent sentences in The Book of Songs, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to write poems, Ruan Fuzan Guo Pu to write poems, and Yuan Yang to write for Liu Hui. Seven Books of the South? Literary Biography comments on a series of works by writers such as RoyceWong, Cao Zhi and Bao Zhao: The comments and textual research on people's poetry in Mianxue and Yan Jiaxun can be said to be the embryonic form of poetic talk. In the past, Zhong Rong's poems were regarded as the earliest works of "Poetry Talk". He, A Qing Dynasty, compiled Poems of Past Dynasties, which is the first book. Zhang Qing Xue Cheng's Shihua, a literary and historical capital in Yi Tong, also said: "The source of Shihua began with Zhong Rong's Shi Pin."
A large number of poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Du Fu's "Play is like six quatrains" and "Occasionally", and Li Bai's, Han Yu's and Bai Juyi's poems are all forms of poems. Poem Style, Poem Style and other works appeared in the Tang Dynasty, which is closer to the later poetry.
2. How can poetry be written better?
How to Write Poetry Before learning to write poetry, we must master the basic laws of poetry.
From the poems written by the ancients mentioned above, we should learn three laws: first, we should master the levelness of Chinese characters. Whether writing poems or words, you should know whether every word you use belongs to a flat voice or a flat voice.
Especially the entering tone, which should be silent, is easily regarded as a flat tone, so we must work hard to learn and master it. In order to facilitate your study and reference, we have specially compiled a Chinese Character Table for Entering Tones, which is attached to the text.
The Chinese characters listed in this table are selected according to the Qin-Zhao language family, and basically do not include the Rusheng words used by the wuyue language family, so the number of Rusheng words is not so broad and easy to master. If combined with the widespread use of modern Putonghua, this list is conservative, but practical, which may give poetry writing some new development space.
This tone table can help you absorb and eliminate two functions: it can not only help you find, absorb and use the entering tone rhyme, but also help you eliminate the possibility of misusing the entering tone words in the horizontal tone. Second, master the rules of tone sandhi between flat tones.
As far as quatrains and metrical poems are concerned, one has the law of "regardless of odd numbers", but there is another law as a supplement, that is, "it is better to exchange flat for flat, not flat for flat", which can be found in the general formula of poetic style and coordinated with "avoiding flat sentences and preventing non-flat sentences" as far as possible. As far as writing ci is concerned, it is different from poetry except that the law of "regardless of odd numbers" is basically the same as that of poetry.
As can be seen from the above general formula, in some aphorisms, even if the word "()" is even, it is a "flat" sound, which requires beginners' special attention. Third, how to start writing? I think you need to memorize the general formula, but you don't have to memorize it all before you start writing. You can adopt the method of "learning and writing" step by step.
To write a poem, you can start with a quatrain, write five words first and then seven words; Write quatrains before rhyme, because there are two couplets in rhyme that are difficult to write. After writing the poem, begin to write the words by hand.
Whether it is a poem or a word, its general formula can be memorized. You can learn one song at a time, recite one song at a time, or even copy down the leveling formula in front of you and write it accordingly.
In fact, for writing poetry, as long as the first sentence is written, the second sentence and the third sentence ... can be naturally deduced according to the relationship between relativity and adhesion. Words are difficult to remember and write. Although the length of sentence patterns varies freely, the number of words and meter of each sentence are fixed, which makes the requirements higher.
If you are familiar with poetry, it will be easier to write words once you master the flat and even rules of old-style poetry. For example, if you want to write a poem "Dead Hua Lian", you can just recite the general formula of "Dead Hua Lian" or copy it in front.
After writing, analyze and modify the flat melody to make it conform to the general formula. Learn to write one song at a time, and you can make steady progress.
I believe that in a few years, you will become a skilled poet. Fourth, write rhymes.
Beginners can do it according to the pinyin of modern Mandarin when arranging rhymes, which will never violate the ancient rhyme, but will be more catchy and readable. Of course, we should learn the Chinese Character List of Entering Tones.
You will soon master these rules. If you can use Rusheng more freely and learn the usage of ancient rhyme, you will have a more spacious and bright way to write poems, especially lyrics. Rhyme is very strict in the use of words, and the strict "rhyme" is also called "Ye Yun"; For the plates that are used to and restricted in the use of entering tone rhymes, the rhymes must use entering tone characters.
Most great men's words are very rigorous, but there is a poem "Man Jianghong and Comrade Guo Moruo" that says, "How many things are never urgent; The word "forced" in the sentence "Heaven and earth are turning, and time waits for no one" seems to be a mistake in the word "forced". Because only the word "forced" can match the rhyme of the word "urgent".
Of course, the ancients and celebrities sometimes prefer to kill "sound" into "benevolence" rather than sacrifice "righteousness" for "sound". For beginners, it is better to follow the rules of poetry, and don't easily break away from the rules and go their own way.
Fifth, about the writing format. The author also puts forward his own views on the writing format of old-style words.
At present, almost all publications print Tang poetry in clauses, so that readers can see it clearly. This is very beneficial for those who are willing to learn old-style poetry.
However, it is rare for Song Ci to be printed in the form of one sentence and one line. Almost all literary printed materials are still printed in the form of prose used by the ancients, which makes people seem to lack a sense of hierarchy. In fact, in all the thread-bound books in the past, Tang poetry and Song poetry were printed from right to left in the form of vertical prose.
Today's publishing houses don't know why they only print Tang poems that conform to modern poetry, but they have been reluctant to print those that conform to Song Ci, probably because Song Ci is not good at line printing. In fact, what Song Ci needs most is subsection and sentence printing.
Because, no matter how many words there are, each plate is divided into two sections: the first section is called "upper missing" or "upper missing" and the second section is called "lower missing" or "lower missing" or "lower missing". The number of sentences in each paragraph is fixed, and the number of words in each sentence is also fixed.
As long as you understand the words "upper part" and "lower part", the difficulty of printing in sections and clauses will be solved. In this paper, the author specially lists the number of sentences in each epigraph for everyone to write line by line.
In the author's own ci works, they are all written line by line. I hope that in the future, in the new publications, the printing of Song Ci can be carried out according to the new printing method, which is very beneficial to young friends who are willing to learn.
Learning poetry is a slow job, which requires usual accumulation. The creative methods of poetry mainly include rhyming, metrical, sticking to the right, difficult to exist and so on. It's not clear to say a word or two here. I suggest buying some introductory books on poetry.
For example, Four Kinds of Common Sense of Poetry published by Zhonghua Book Company include Wang Li's Poetic Metre, His Poetic Metre, His Common Sense of Reading Ci and His Brief Introduction to Ci. These books are easy to understand and moderate in depth.
3. How to evaluate Wang Li's poetic meter?
1, evaluation:
Wang Li's books are easy to understand and especially suitable for beginners.
Poetic Metrics is a series of Wang Li's poems published by Zhonghua Book Company. Most of the poems in the book are the results of previous studies, and some places are the author's own opinions. Because it is a book of basic knowledge, the book does not specify which part is described in the book and which part is the author's own words. "Poetic Metrics" focuses on meter, not on choosing poems, so it doesn't comment on poems with examples. There are also different versions of words in quoted poems; The author chose the version, but in order to save space and avoid triviality, he doesn't intend to add collating notes in every place.
The metrical pattern of poetry has a general purpose, that is, it tries to briefly describe the metrical pattern of poetry as a basic knowledge and tell readers.
As for poetry, the emphasis is on metrical poetry, because after the rise of metrical poetry, poetry has strict metrical rules. The ancient poems before the Tang Dynasty were all free poems or semi-free poems, and I won't talk about them before they formed a meter. As for the ancient poetry after the Tang Dynasty, although it is not limited by metrical rules on the surface, there are actually many exquisite poems, which can't be said, but can be said less.
The relationship between ci and metrical poetry is very close. So talk about poetry first, then talk about words. Sometimes poems and words are combined.
2. Introduction to the author:
Wang Li (1900~ 1986) is a linguist and poet in China. The word is one. 1900 was born in Bobai, Guangxi in August, and 1986 died on May 3rd. 65438-0924 entered Shanghai Southern University and transferred to Shanghai National University the following year. 1926 was admitted to Tsinghua University Institute of Chinese Studies. 1927 studied in France, 193 1 obtained a doctorate in literature from the University of Paris. /kloc-returned to China in 0/932, and successively served as Professor Tsinghua University, yenching university, Guangxi University, Kunming The National SouthWest Associated University, Professor of Lingnan University, Dean of College of Arts, Professor of Sun Yat-sen University, Dean of College of Arts, and Head of Language Department. 1954, he was appointed as Professor Peking University, and concurrently served as a member and deputy director of the Language and Character Reform Committee of China. He has served as consultant of the State Language Committee, honorary president of Chinese Language Society and honorary president of China Phonology Research Association. He is also a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences.
4. What should I do if I want to learn to write poetry? Are there any good teaching books? Thank you very much.
To learn poetry, you must learn metrical poetry first, and it is relatively easy to finish reading it. Both metrical poems and words require a level tone and a rhythm. Metric poetry is strict, so you can't read the dictionary now. The ancient sound is quite different from the present sound. Most poems on the internet are uneasy about ancient sounds. The most common problem is rhyme. You'd better buy a rhyming book first, Linz Zheng Yun. You can also buy Dai Li Weng Dui Yun.
If you want to study metrical poems seriously, you should buy a detailed note about Du Fu's poems. The meter of Lao Du's poems should be strict. It is too difficult to learn ancient poetry, and it is estimated that it is difficult for modern people to settle down to study.
To learn ci, Wang Guowei said: prose is easy to learn but difficult to work, and verse is difficult to learn and easy to work; Modern poetry is easy to learn and difficult to work, while ancient poetry is difficult to learn and easy to work; Xiaoqu is difficult to learn and easy to work, and long tune is difficult to learn and easy to work. A poem is easy to learn, but difficult to write well. If you have the foundation of rhyming poetry first, words are easy to say, and the rhyme of words should be loose and modern. If you write a book, you can read Ye Jiaying's.