Chi Pan pursues coolness.
Tang Bai Juyi
The wind is refreshing, the spring is cold and the bamboo is repaired, and it is as cool as autumn in the dog days.
The yellow dog welcomes the rider and Tsing Yi helps the fishing boat.
If you are tired and realize that you are doing nothing, who can go further?
The place where you are expected to die should only be under the forest and on the beach.
There is a saying in the proverb: "There are three days in winter and three days in summer", which is the coldest and hottest season of the year. "Dog days" appear in hot summer and hot summer, which is the day with the highest temperature, humidity and sultry weather in a year.
The earliest records about dog days can be found in historical records? Qin Benji: "(Degong) two years, first surrender, I use dogs to resist the law." Qin Degong entered the "early stage" in the second year (676 BC), and the weather was very hot. People kill dogs and offer sacrifices at the four gates of the city to get rid of the heat, poison and heat. It can be seen that there are dog days in the Spring and Autumn Period.
"Sanfu" comes from the principle of "five elements generating grams" in the ancient theory of yin and yang and five elements, and is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient ancestors. People think that everything in the world is made up of fire, water, wood, fire and earth in Jin Mu, which is the essence of all things. . "Five elements are born together: wood makes a fire, fire makes soil, soil makes gold, gold makes water, aquatic wood. Five elements: Muketu, Tukeshui, Shuihuoke, Huojinke, Jin Kemu. " .
The so-called "squatting" is lurking. Because it is too hot, people have to hide for the summer, so it is called "hibernation". If the weather is extremely hot, it will produce "fire soil", so it is necessary to "crouch". Why choose Geng Day? Geng belongs to gold, fire can kill gold (gold is afraid of being melted by fire), and extreme heat belongs to fire, so on Geng Day, gold will be hidden. Therefore, the dog days are calculated from Geng Day.
The date of Geng Day is changeable, not fixed, so the lodging date is different every year, but the lodging date (initial lodging) is roughly between June 1 1 and July 2 1 on the Gregorian calendar. The first Geng Day to the second Geng Day after beginning of autumn is the last time. The days of midsummer are not fixed. When there are four Geng days between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn, the summer day is 10, and when there are five Geng days, the summer day is 20 days. For example, this year is 20 19, and the dog days are 40 days.
It's very hot in the dog days. The ancients didn't have today's air-conditioning facilities, so they had to take measures to avoid heat and dispel summer heat. For example, Qin Degong's "killing dogs to ward off evil spirits" and earlier records of using porcelain pillows and mats to cool down. The Book of Songs? The third chapter of Zebei: "Zebei is vicious and has Pu Han. Beautiful, huge and elegant. Do nothing, toss and turn. " Among them, there are some porcelain pillows and some wooden pillows. In short, they are tools to cool off the heat.
There were also many poems about dog days in ancient times. I chose Bai Juyi's Chi Pan Zhu Liang for a simple appreciation to see how the ancients spent their summer in dog days. This poem is the work of Bai Juyi who lived in Luoyang in his later years. Because of the hot weather, Bai Juyi enjoys the cool by the pond.
"The wind blows the spring and the bamboo is repaired, and it is as cool as autumn in the dog days." The first couplet describes the cool climate near the pond: the breeze is slow, the springs are gurgling, the Woods are green and bamboo, and it is quiet and deep. In this hot summer, the air near the pond is cool, just like the weather in autumn, which makes people relaxed and happy.
"The yellow dog welcomes the rider and Tsing Yi helps the fishing boat." It seems that poets often come here, and all the yellow dogs know them. The poet came on horseback, and all the yellow dogs ran to meet the distant guide. In ancient times, Tsing Yi was a servant with low status. With the help of servants, the poet boarded a fishing boat and fished in the pond for leisure.
"I feel that I should wait and die. Who can go further?" "Stumbling" means walking with difficulty. At that time, the poet was over the age of ancient times, so his face was old, his spirit was weak and he had difficulty walking. Even if he gets off the horse, he needs the help of the servant. So the poet felt that he was more suitable for leisure and meditation, and he could no longer travel abroad.
"It is expected that this life will end in forests and beaches." Faced with this normal life, the poet is more open-minded. He loves mountains and rivers all his life, so he thinks that the best destination of life is to roam in the forest, fish in the stream, be at ease and return to nature.
"Chi Pan enjoys the cool" describes the poet enjoying the cool in dog days, and gives people a beautiful picture of enjoying the cool in dog days, with bamboo forests, cold springs, running water and fishing by the stream. Full of attachment to the beautiful scenery and comfortable climate of nature, it also reflects the poet's love for the leisurely life of mountains and rivers in his later years.
20 19/7/ 12 yumuzhai