1. Ancient texts about ice
The ice is pure and jade-like, and the beauty of Daiyu is peerless. The feelings of children are delicate and charming, and the poets and poets have chaotic feelings!
The scenery of the North is covered with thousands of miles of ice and thousands of miles of snow.
The cliffs are covered with hundreds of feet of ice, but there are still beautiful flowers and branches
Relatives and friends in Luoyang are asking each other, and there is a heart of ice. Jade Pot
The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation cannot pass through the sound for a while
No matter how hard you chew the snow and drink the ice, you can change your bones, but you can play with jade by picking up beads. Forgetting the New Year
In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of the flowers, and it is difficult to swim under the ice of the quiet throat spring
The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds are condensed thousands of miles away. (Bai Xuege sends Magistrate Wu back to the capital, Cen Shen)
Verses from Bai Haitang's poem in "A Dream of Red Mansions": Xue Baochai's poem: Rouge washes out the shadow of autumn steps, and ice and snow bring out the soul. Jia Baoyu's poem: When he comes out of the bath, Taizhen ice makes his shadow, and he holds the Xizi jade in his heart as his soul. Lin Daiyu's poem: The Xiang curtain is half-closed, the door is half-closed, ice is crushed into earth and jade is used as a basin. The pistils of the stolen pistils are three-thirds white, and the plum blossoms are borrowed a wisp of their soul. The immortal in the Moon Cave sews his silk gown, and the resentful girl in autumn wipes away the traces of her cry. Shy and silent, I complain to someone. I am tired of sitting on a chair in the west wind and am already fainting in the night. 2. Looking for poems and ancient texts containing the word "ice"
The ice is pure and jade is pure and charming,
The Daiyu has a peerless appearance.
The children's feelings are charming and charming,
The poets and poets have chaotic feelings!
The scenery of the North is covered with thousands of miles of ice and thousands of miles of snow.
The cliffs are covered with hundreds of feet of ice, but there are still beautiful flowers and branches
Relatives and friends in Luoyang are asking each other, and there is a heart of ice. Jade Pot
The ice spring is so cold that the strings are condensed, and the condensation cannot pass through the sound for a while
Nipping the snow and drinking the ice may change the bones, and picking up the beads and jade can forget the years
In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of flowers, and it is difficult to swim under the ice of Youyanquan
The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds are condensed thousands of miles away.
(Bai Xuege sent Magistrate Wu back to the capital to attend Cen Shen) 3. Classical Chinese essays on reading
A gentleman encouraged to learn from Xunzi: The gentleman said: Learning is a must. Green comes from blue and blue comes from blue; ice comes from water. But it is cold in water. The wood is straight in the middle of the rope, and the steel is used as a wheel, and its curves are regular. Although it is violent and no longer straight, the wood makes it so. Therefore, the wood will be straight when the rope is used, and the metal will be sharpened, and the gentleman will be knowledgeable. And if you reflect on yourself every day, you will know that you will do nothing wrong if you understand clearly. If I think about it all day long, it is not as good as what I learned in a moment; if I stoop and look at it, it is not as good as the profound knowledge of climbing high. When climbing high, my arms will not be lengthened. Yes, the one who sees it is far away; when it is shouted along the wind, the sound is not accelerated, but the one who hears it is louder. A fake horse is not beneficial to the foot, but it can reach a thousand miles; a fake boat is not capable of water, but it can cut off the river. Gentleman Life is not different, goodness is fake in things. When soil accumulates, it becomes a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; when water accumulates, it forms a abyss, and dragons emerge; when accumulation of goodness becomes virtue, the gods are satisfied with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach a thousand miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be able to form a river or a sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap. A horse can drive ten times, and the merit lies in perseverance. If you persevere, the rotten wood won't break. If you persevere, gold and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have the power of claws, teeth, and bones. To be strong, you can eat earth on top and drink from yellow springs on the bottom. You have one intention. Crabs kneel six times with two claws. They are not snakes and eels with nothing to rely on in their caves. They have a restless mind. What does the teacher say about Han Yu? Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teachers , so preaching and receiving karma also resolve doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from doubts? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will never understand it. If you are born before me, you must have heard the Tao before me, so I will learn from you; if you are born after me, if you hear the Tao before me, I will follow you. Teacher, my teacher is the way, do you know who was born in my year? Therefore, there is neither noble nor humble, neither long nor young. Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists...? Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to be clear of confusion! The ancient saints were far away from others, and they still asked if they were teachers. Today's people are also far away from the saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the saints are better than the saints, and the fools are better than the fools. The reason why the saints are Holy, the reason why fools are stupid is because of this! If you love your son and choose a teacher to teach him, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused! The teacher of the boy, who teaches him the book and learns his sentences, is not what I call someone who teaches his way and solves his confusion. If he does not know how to read a sentence, or if he cannot understand his confusion, he is either a teacher or not. Seeing this is clear. People who are witch doctors, musicians and masters of all kinds are not ashamed of their physiognomist. If they are from a family of scholar-bureaucrats, and they say that their master is a disciple, they will gather together and laugh. When asked, they will say: "He is similar to that of that year. , the Tao is similar. A low position is shameful, and a high official position is close to flattery." Woohoo! It is no longer possible to know the way of a teacher. A man who is a witch doctor, a musician, and a master of all kinds of skills is looked down upon by a gentleman. Now his wisdom is beyond his reach. How strange it is! The sage is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius’s teachers were Tanzi, Changhong, Shixiang, and Laodan. Tanzi’s disciples were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher." Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to He is wiser than his disciples. He has learned the Tao successively, and has specialized in the arts, that's all. Li's son Pan, seventeen years old, is good at ancient prose, and is familiar with the six arts. "Shi Shuo" is used to explain it. "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" The original text of the full text: I was addicted to learning when I was a child. My family was poor and I had no books to read. Every time I borrowed them from the house where the books were collected, I wrote them down by hand and counted the days to return them. It was very cold. , Watching the ice is strong, the fingers cannot be bent or stretched, and there is no need to be lazy. After recording, I went away and did not dare to sell more than the appointment. So many people left the book with the book, and I was able to read all the books. After being crowned, I admired the sages. Dao. Also worried about the lack of masters and famous people traveling around, he often went to the ancestors from his hometown hundreds of miles away to hold scriptures and ask questions. If you are in doubt about the truth, lean down and ask for it; or if you encounter him yelling, you will become more respectful and courteous, and you will not dare to say a word; when he is happy, you will ask him again. Therefore, although I am stupid, I will get it. I heard that when I was a disciple, I was walking in the deep mountains and huge valleys with my clothes on my back. There was a strong wind in the winter, and the snow was several feet deep. My feet were chapped and I didn’t know it. When I arrived at the house, my four limbs were stiff and could not move, and the monk held the soup. Fill it, cover it with a quilt, and it will become harmonious over time. The host who lives in the opposite direction will eat again and again, and he will not enjoy the taste of fresh fat. All the students in the same room are embroidered with silk, wearing a hat decorated with red tassels, a white jade ring around the waist, a sword on the left, and a sword on the right. His face is smelly, and he is like a god; I am sitting in the middle with my undressed robe, and there is no intention of admiration. Those who are happy enough in it don't know that the oral and physical worship is not as good as that of a human being. This is due to the hard work and hard work I have done. He was born and studied in Taixue, and the county magistrates have daily contributions to the sales. His parents are old and have no worries about coldness and depression. He sits under the building and recites "Poems" and "Books", so he does not have to work hard. He has a job as a secretary. , Doctors are teachers, and they don’t ask before they ask, and they don’t get what they ask for. All the books that are suitable are collected here, and there is no need to record them by others’ hands, just to leave others to see later. There is a lack of refinement in their work and a lack of virtue. If there is a failure, it is not because of the inferiority of nature, but the heart is not as sharp as my ears. Is it anyone else's fault? Ma Shengjun of Dongyang has been studying in Taixue for two years, and is highly praised by his peers as a virtuous person. He was the capital of the Yu Dynasty, and he was a native of the country. He said that when he was young, he devoted himself to learning and worked hard. He can be said to be a good scholar. He will return home to see his relatives, and it is difficult to tell me how to learn.
4. Give me an ancient article about diligence
A preface by Ma Sheng of Dongyang. I was addicted to studying when I was young. My family was poor and I had no way to write books to read, so I borrowed them from a book collector and wrote them down by hand. The sun has returned. It is extremely cold, the inkstone is hard, and the fingers cannot be bent or stretched. It is impossible to be lazy. After recording, I send him off, not daring to exceed the appointment. So many people write with the letter. During the rest of the holiday, I was able to read all the books. Not only was I crowned with admiration for the teachings of the sages, but I also worried that there were no great teachers and famous people to travel with. I tried to travel hundreds of miles away to read the scriptures and ask questions from the pioneers in my hometown. The pioneers had great hopes for their virtues. Your Majesty, the disciples of the disciples filled his room, and they did not hesitate to speak. I stood on the left and right, asking for help and asking questions, leaning forward to invite him; or when he was yelling (chì duō), his expression became more respectful and courteous, and he did not dare to Say a word to reply; when (sì) he is happy, he will ask again. Therefore, although I am stupid, I have learned something. When I am a disciple, I carry a suitcase (qiè) and drag (yè) 壣 (xǐ), Walking in the deep mountains and huge valleys, there was a strong winter wind and heavy snow several feet deep. My feet were chapped and I didn’t know where to leave. When I reached my home, my four limbs were stiff and I couldn’t move. The nun held the soup and fertilized the water and covered it with a quilt. Covered, and over time it became harmonious. Living in the opposite direction, the host ate again (sì) every day, and did not enjoy the taste of fresh fat. All the people living in the same room were embroidered with (pī) Qi (qǐ), wearing hats decorated with Zhuying treasures, and white jade rings around their waists. He is wearing a sword on the left and a stinky face on the right. Ye is like a god; Yu is wearing a torn robe and is in the middle. There is no intention of admiration. Those who have enough pleasure in the middle do not know how to offer oral and physical gifts. Not as good as a human being. Even though I am very diligent and difficult like this. ①Although I am old and have not achieved anything, I am still fortunate enough to be among the gentlemen. I have inherited the favor of the emperor and served as a minister, serving as advisors every day. People all over the world mistakenly call him his family name. How can he be more talented than others? Nowadays, all students are studying in Taixue. The county magistrate has a little bit of support every day, and his parents have Qiu Ge Zhiyi (wèi) every year, so they are not suffering from cold and death. They sit under the building and recite " "Poems" and "Books", there is no need to run around; there are teachers and doctors who are teachers, but they don't ask before asking, and they don't get what they ask for; all the books that should be available are collected here, and there is no need to record them in my own hand. , It is assumed that people will see later. If their careers are not refined and their virtues are not perfect, it is not because of their inferior nature, but their minds are not as sharp as my ears. Is it the fault of others? Dongyang Ma was born in Junze, who had been studying at Taixue for two years, and was highly praised by his peers as a virtuous person. He was the capital of Yu Dynasty, and he was born as a native of the country. He wrote a long book called Zhi (zhì). His argument is mild but superficial. He said that he worked very hard on learning when he was young, so he can be said to be a good scholar. He will go back to see his relatives, and it is difficult to tell him about his old ways.
5. About the story of persuading students to learn (ancient Chinese translation), about two 50 words, do not ask for "Sun Quan's Encourage to Learn"
Original text of Shi Kuang's persuasion to learn: Duke Ping of Jin asked Yu Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old. If you want to learn, it's already late!" Shi Kuang said, "Why don't you Bingzhu?" Ping Gong said, "How dare you, a blind minister, play with your king?" The minister heard: "When you are young, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun; when you are strong, you are eager to learn, like the light in the sun; when you are old, you are eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle." Who is the brighter than the ignorant? " Ping Gong said? : "Excellent!" Translation: Duke Ping (Emperor) of Jin State asked Shi Kuang (name): "I am seventy years old. I want to study, but I am afraid I am already old!" Shi Kuang said: "Why don't you light a candle? "Ping Gong said: "How can a minister tease his king?" Shi Kuang said: "How dare I, a blind minister, tease my king! The sunshine at dawn; the eagerness to learn in one's prime is like the brightness of the sun at noon; the eagerness to learn in old age is like the light of a candle. 'Which is better, the light of a candle, or walking in darkness?" Ping Gong said: "That's right!" "Gouzi Encourages Learning" Original text: The gentleman said: Learning can't stop it. Green comes from blue, and it is greener than blue; ice comes from water, but it is colder than water. Wood is straight. The rope is used as a wheel, and its curves are regular. Although there are some that are rough and no longer straight, the rope makes them so. Therefore, the wood will be straight when it is roped, and the metal will be sharpened when it is sharpened. A gentleman is knowledgeable and can reflect on himself day by day. There is nothing wrong with knowing and acting. If I think about it all day long, it is not as good as what I have learned in a moment. If I stoop and look, it is not as good as climbing high and gaining broad insights. When climbing high, my arms will not be lengthened, but the sight will be far away; follow the wind. And when the call is made, the sound is not accelerated, but loud and clear to the listener. The fake horses are not good at running, but they can travel thousands of miles; the fake boats are not capable of water, but can cut off the rivers. A gentleman is born without exception, and he is good at fakes. Objects. Accumulating soil creates mountains, and wind and rain stir up them; accumulating water creates abyss, and dragons arise; accumulating good deeds creates virtue, and the gods are content with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don’t accumulate steps, you can’t reach a thousand miles; if you don’t accumulate small streams, you can’t reach a thousand miles. Rivers and seas. A Qi Ji can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, and the merit lies in perseverance. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, gold and stone can be carved. Earthworms have no claws and teeth, but strong muscles and bones, and they can feed on dirt. Drinking from the Yellow Spring, one must be attentive. Crabs kneel down six times with two claws, and there is no place for snakes and eels to rely on. Translation: The gentleman said: Learning should never stop. Indigo (is) extracted from indigo grass, But (its color) is greener than blue grass; ice is made of water, but (it is) colder than water. (A piece of) wood is straight to the ink line (straightened by a carpenter), (if) it is used with fire Roast it and bend it to make a wheel, and its curvature will conform to the compass (circle drawn). Even if it is dried in the sun, it will no longer be straight (this is due to) human processing to make it (become) In this way, wood will be straight after being scratched with ink lines (axe sawing), metal swords will be sharp when put on the whetstone (grinding), and a gentleman who studies extensively and examines himself every day will be wise and clear, and his behavior will not be wrong. I was wrong. I once daydreamed all day long, (the result) was not as good as (the gain was as great as) a moment of study; I once stood on tiptoes and looked far away, (the result) was not as good as climbing to a high place where I could see as much as I could. When I climbed up to a high place and waved, my arms were It is not lengthened, but people can see it from a distance; when shouting in the direction of the wind, the sound is not strengthened, but the listener can hear it clearly. People who rely on carriages and horses do not walk fast, but (can) reach thousands of miles away; people who use boats cannot swim, but (can) cross rivers. The nature of gentlemen (is no different from ordinary people), (but) they are good at (learning) with the help of foreign objects Ah. Accumulating soil becomes a mountain, and wind and rain will rise from there; accumulating water becomes a deep pool, and dragons will grow there; accumulate good deeds and develop good character, and then the spirit can reach a very high state. Wisdom can be developed, and the thoughts of a saint are possessed. Therefore, if you don’t accumulate small steps, there is no way to reach a thousand miles; if you don’t gather small streams, there is no way to become a river or sea. ). A good horse can't go ten steps (far) after one jump; a bad horse can go very far in a carriage for ten days. (Its) success lies in walking non-stop. It can be carved (once) and let go. If it (does not carve), rotten wood (nor) cannot cut; if it does not stop carving (if), gold and stone can also carve (successfully). Earthworms do not have sharp claws and strong bones, (but they can) eat soil from above and from below. Drinking underground water, (this is the reason for concentration). Crabs (have) six legs and two crab claws (but) without snakes and eel holes (there is) no (place) to rest (the body), (This is) impetuous (due to lack of concentration). 6. Ancient texts describing snow scenes
1. "Snow on the River" Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
Original text:
Birds fly across thousands of mountains, and there are no traces of people across thousands of paths. destroy.
A man in a boat with a coir raincoat fishing alone in the snow in the cold river.
Translation: There are no traces of birds in thousands of mountains and ridges; there are no traces of pedestrians on thousands of roads. On a lonely boat, a fisherman wearing a raincoat and a bamboo hat was fishing alone in the wind and snow.
2. "Quequatrains" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Original text:
Two orioles sang in the green willows, and a row of egrets climbed into the blue sky.
The window contains the snow of Qianqiu in Xiling, and the door is docked with a ship thousands of miles away from Dongwu.
Translation: Two orioles sang gracefully among the green willow trees, and a neat group of egrets soared into the blue sky.
Sitting in front of the window, I can see the snow that never melts all year round on the west ridge, and the ships from Soochow, thousands of miles away, are moored in front of the door.
3. "The Master Stays at Furong Mountain in the Snow" Tang Dynasty: Liu Changqing
Original text:
At dusk, the mountains are far away, the weather is cold and the white house is poor.
Chaimen hears dogs barking, and people return home on a snowy night.
Translation: As dusk falls, the mountains look vast and the road becomes more distant, and the thatched house looks even poorer in the cold weather. Suddenly there was the sound of dogs barking outside Chaimen, and the family members who had returned home on a snowy night were back.
4. "Snowy Plum Part 1" Song Dynasty: Lu Meipo
Original text:
The plum blossoms and snow refused to fall in spring, so Sao Renge paid for the review.
The plum blossoms are a little less white than the snow, but the snow is less fragrant than the plum blossoms.
Translation: Both plum blossoms and snowflakes think that they have all the beauty of spring, and neither one is willing to admit defeat. It is difficult to break a poet and write a critical article. To be fair, plum blossoms make snowflakes a third of their crystal clear whiteness, but snowflakes lose a portion of their fragrance to plum blossoms.
5. "Looking at the Remaining Snow in Zhongnan" Tang Dynasty: Ancestor Chant
Original text:
Zhongnan has beautiful Yin ridges and snow-covered clouds.
The forest is showing its bright colors, and the city is getting colder at dusk.
Translation: Looking to the south, the North Mountain is beautiful, covered with white snow, like floating clouds. It was clearing up after the snow, and the afterglow of the setting sun shone among the treetops. In the evening, the city of Chang'an became a bit colder. 7. Classical Chinese translation of "Preface to Ice and Snow"
Foods such as fish and meat easily deteriorate when exposed to wind and sunlight, but will not rot when placed in ice and snow. This shows that ice and snow can keep food fresh. There is a lot of ice and snow this year, and the grains will surely grow luxuriantly next year. This means that the ice and snow will help the grains grow. Probably no one grows up without the help of the characteristics of ice and snow in his life. However, the characteristics of ice and snow must wait until there is ice and snow to be reflected. But how much ice and snow is there all year round!
As for the ice and snow I am talking about, it is different from this (natural ice and snow). Ordinary people behave as ordinary as the wind and sun during the day, but have the temperament of ice and snow at night; when they are in a irritable mood, they act as ordinary as the wind and the sun, but when they are in a pure mood, they have the temperament of ice and snow; He appears as ordinary as the wind and the sun, but he has the temperament of ice and snow when he lives in the mountains and forests. The temperament of ice and snow is in people's hearts, just like fish in deep water and dragon in deep mountains. They are in it day and night, but the fish and dragon don't feel the water and mountains. Therefore, we understand that the mountains, rivers, clouds (note: still life with floating clouds), water and fire, grass and trees, colors, sounds, and fragrances (note: smell, aroma, and taste) all have the characteristics of ice and snow, and among them, people can drink and enjoy endless amounts. There is nothing more profound than poetry.
There are only a few words in poetry and prose. When written by an expert, they appear to be elegant and flexible; once they fall into the hands of ordinary people, they become filthy. In the process of understanding, although the difference is small, the mistake is huge. It’s just a pity that people who see such poetry cannot understand it, and those who understand it cannot comment on it. Even if there are people who can comment and comment with those who don’t understand, they still don’t understand, so what’s the point of commenting? Therefore: the general rule of poetry is that it is difficult for people to write poetry and prose, and it is even more difficult for people to identify them.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it took thousands of hard work to make swords for generals. Compared with Zhang Hua in the Jin Dynasty who identified swords from the celestial phenomena between bullfights and Lei Huan who dug up swords in prison, the proficiency of those who can identify them is really high. Above those who forge swords. From this point of view, the sword has light, the mountains have green space, the night air has mist, the moon has smoke and frost, the bamboo leaves have green and deep red, the taste of food has natural freshness, ancient bronze has turquoise, and jade has It has an ancient luster, and the poetry has a temperament like ice and snow. These are all natural physical phases. Su Changgong (Su Shi) said: "The recent "Qixian Monk Hall" written by Ziyou (Su Che) is tragic and desolate when read, with the feeling of cliffs and waterfalls, and a chilling feeling." Alas! How can you say this to ordinary people! Where does the feeling of cliffs and waterfalls come from in the poem?
Extended information
Zhang Dai (1597-1684), also known as Weicheng, also named Zongzi, also named Shigong, also known as Tao'an, Tiansun, and Die'an layman , late nicknamed Liuxiu Jushi, Han nationality, from Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A writer, essayist and historian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, he was also an expert in tea appreciation.