Whether in school or in society, everyone is familiar with those catchy ancient poems. Ancient poems in a broad sense refer to all Chinese poems before the Opium War, which are similar to those introduced from the West in modern times. Corresponding to the modern new poetry. So what types of ancient poems are there? The following is the original text and appreciation of the ancient poem "Twelve Poems on Encounters: Seven" that I compiled. You are welcome to read it. I hope you will like it.
Poetry can recommend guests, but it can hinder them deeply. Destiny is only what you encounter, and the cycle cannot be found.
Source: Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty, "Twelve Poems on Encounters·Seventh".
The red oranges are meant to be given to distinguished guests, but there are overlapping mountains and deep rivers! Alas, man's destiny can only be as it comes naturally, and let chance take its course! The truth behind the cycle of all things in the world may not be explored.
Complete poem
"Seven of the Twelve Poems"
[Tang Dynasty] Zhang Jiuling
There are red oranges in the south of the Yangtze River. Winter is still green forest.
Is the heating in Yiyi so hot? There is always a chill in my heart.
I can recommend Jiake, but there are many obstacles.
Destiny is only what you encounter, and the cycle cannot be found.
Just say that there are peaches and plums on the tree. Is there no shade in this tree?
Appreciation of the whole poem 1
The fifth and sixth sentences describe the experiences of Dan Ju. Oranges like this that are still green after severe cold and bear fruits that are only meant to be dedicated to others should be recommended to guests. But there are many obstacles in the way of mountains and rivers, so what can be done? Here, "guest" alludes to Emperor Xuanzong; "obstacles deep" allude to the traitors surrounding Emperor Xuanzong. The poet's self-explanation is that the coldness of oranges and oranges does not change the integrity, but only the noble quality of dedication. The poetic meaning is: A person like me who is dedicated to serving the country is blocked by traitors and cannot be used by the world. These two sentences not only describe Danju's experience, but also express the poet's emotion!
The seventh and eighth sentences describe the poet's thoughts on the fate of Danju. Why did Danju experience this? The poet replied: "Fate can only be encountered, cycles cannot be found." It seems that the quality of fate varies depending on the encounters, just like the natural law of "cycles" that come and go, which is elusive and unexplorable. This kind of unclear answer has very complicated emotions. There is both helpless self-blame and unwillingness to remain silent, which is difficult to express, deep and euphemistic.
Appreciation of the whole poem 2
Zhang Jiuling was a famous "virtuous prime minister" in the late Kaiyuan period. He was straightforward, dared to speak out about the pros and cons of the government, and paid attention to promoting intelligent people; he was very fond of An Lushan. Wolf Zi's ambition was also noticed early on, and he suggested that Tang Xuanzong cut it off as soon as possible to avoid future troubles, but it was not adopted. Eventually, he was slandered and ostracized by Li Linfu and other powerful traitors, and was demoted from Prime Minister You to Governor of Jing in the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737). Li Linfu, Niu Xianke and other dictatorial powers, the upright courtiers suffered blows, the state affairs were deteriorating day by day, and the so-called "Kaiyuan prosperous age" was gone forever.
The twelve poems "Feelings of Encounter" were composed when the author was exiled to Jingzhou. They are implicit and profound, playing an important role in reversing the flashy poetry style since the Six Dynasties, and have always been valued by critics. For example, Gao Peng's "Collection of Tang Poems" (Volume 1) says: "Zhang Qu Jianggong's "Gan Yu" and other works are diluted with elegance and uprightness, and combined with "Feng" and "Sao", they are as good as the prosperous Tang Dynasty." Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems" (Volume 1) says: ""Poetry of Feelings", the orthographic character (Chen Zi'ang) is ancient, and the Qujiang (Zhang Jiuling) is implicit. It originally came from the same descendant (Ruan Ji), but the spiritual appearance is different, so it will last forever." These comments are very interesting. To the point.
The seventh poem selected here is like Qu Yuan's "Ode to Orange", which is a hymn to "orange".
Qu was born in the Southern Kingdom, and orange trees also grew in the Southern Kingdom. His poem "Ode to Oranges" begins with: "The empress has a beautiful tree, and the oranges come to serve you. You will not move after being ordered to live in the southern country." . "The meaning of supporting things to symbolize aspirations is clearly visible. Zhang Jiuling is also from the south, and Jiangling, the seat of Jingzhou where he was exiled (i.e., the capital of Ying in the Chu Kingdom), was originally a famous orange-producing area. His poem begins with the words, "There are red oranges in the south of the Yangtze River, and they are still fresh after winter." "Green forest", its meaning of supporting objects and metaphors is particularly obvious. Qu Yuan's famous saying tells us: "The autumn wind is blowing, and the waves in the Dongting are under the wooden leaves." It can be seen that even in the "Southern Country", in late autumn, ordinary trees will inevitably shake down, and how can they withstand the ravages of the harsh winter? As for the "red orange", it "remains green in the winter." The word "Jew" is full of praise. "Dan orange" remains green through winter. Is it due to the unique location, or is it just out of nature? If it is due to the unique location and has nothing to do with the nature, it is not worthy of praise. The poet grasped this key issue and eliminated the former in a rhetorical tone. The "Yi" in "Qi Yi Di Qi Nuan" is used here as "there", referring to the south of the Yangtze River. The whole sentence means is it due to the "warm ground air" in Jiangnan? If this kind of rhetorical question has semantic meaning, it can only have a negative semantic meaning. However, it does not require an answer as usual and is more lively than a negative sentence such as "It's not because of the heating." It is full of ups and downs, full of ups and downs. "Suihanxin" originally talks about pines and cypresses.
"The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither.
"So, why did Zhang Jiuling praise the cold-resistant virtues not through pines and cypresses but through red oranges? In addition to the fact that there happened to be "red oranges" in the south of the Yangtze River where he lived in exile, which naturally reminded him of Qu Yuan's "Ode to Oranges", it was also because of the "red oranges" Not only is it still green after winter, it is "independent and unchangeable", and it is also fruitful and beneficial to people. The author specially puts the word "Dan" in front of "Orange" to let you see it in a "green forest" through imagination. Ten Thousand Pills Are True, and it also provides a foreshadowing for the following "Can You Recommend Guests"
There is a poem "Tangerine and Pomelo Dropping Flowers" in the "Ancient Poems" of the Han Dynasty. The whole poem is like this: "Tangerine and Pomelo Dropping." Huashi is on the side of a deep mountain. I am happy to hear that you are kind to me, and I carve the ornaments alone. Committed to the jade plate, I hope to see food every year. Fang Fei is not in harmony, green and yellow suddenly change color. If people want to know me, you are my wings. "The author uses a tangerine and pomelo as a metaphor for himself, expressing his resentment of not being used by the world and his desire to eventually be used by the world. What Zhang Jiuling said "can recommend guests" means "I have been looking forward to seeing food for many years." "After the winter "Like a green forest", it is worthy of praise for not betraying due to the cold years; it bears numerous fruits and only seeks to contribute to others, which shows its noble character. "Jia Ke" should be "recommended" for good fruits, "Dan Ju" It is not a bad thing to think that you are a good person, so you admit that you can "recommend Jia Ke". However, you are blocked by mountains and rivers, and you can't reach "Jia Ke". What can you do when you read the sentence "What can you do to block the heavy obstacles"? The two sentences "fate" cannot be seen as advocating the "view of destiny". "Fate depends on what you encounter." It means that the quality of fate is only due to the good or bad encounters. In short, it is not due to "obstacles". "Chongshen" experience, so you can't have the good luck of "recommending guests"? The word "Naihe" in "Naihe Zhongshen" has revealed the mood of searching for the truth. Think about it, "Fate is only what you want." The harsh reality of "encountering" makes me even more eager to explore the reasons. However, "the cycle cannot be found". I search and search, but always go around in a circle. I still can't figure out the cause and can't solve the mystery, so I use a rhetorical tone. To conclude the whole poem: "I just say that there is a peach and plum tree. Is there no shade in this tree?" "People are only busy cultivating those peach trees and plum trees, and they insist on not using orange trees. Are orange trees useless if they cannot provide shade? I have already written before that "the forest is still green through winter", which confirms that it has "shade", and also said "You can recommend Jiake" means that it is not only beautiful, but also has good qualities. Why is it so "experienced"?
In "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo Xia" He told a fable: "Yanghu went to Qi and Zhao. The master of the bamboo slip asked: 'I heard that Zi is good at cultivating people.' ’ Hu said: ‘I live in Lu, and there are three people in Shu, all of whom are Ling Yin; even if the tiger is guilty of Lu’s crime, they all search for the tiger. When the ministers live together, they recommend three people, one to be close to the king, one to be the county magistrate, and one to be the official waiting for him. If the minister is offended, the one who is close to the king will not see the minister. Stop. Tigers are not good at cultivating people. ’ The Lord leaned down and smiled and said: ‘Those who grow oranges and pomelos are sweet to eat and fragrant to smell; those who grow mandarin thorns can sting people when they grow, so a gentleman should be careful about what he trees. '" A "gentleman" who only grows peaches and plums, but excludes oranges and pomelos, can't say "tree with caution"!
This poem writes "red oranges" in every line, forming a complete image. It is different from simple metaphors such as "My heart is like pines and cypresses". The image itself not only embodies the characteristics of "red orange", but also has a certain typical meaning. "Still green in winter", which has many advantages of being sweet for people to eat and providing beautiful shade for people to cool off, wouldn't we think of all the "good trees" with the same advantages? When we see "Danju" "When "peaches and plums" are carefully cultivated while being excluded, wouldn't it be associated with similar social phenomena? As for the author's creative motivation, it is obvious that the non-use of "Danju" is compared to his own. Away from the court, the "Peach and Plum" was more popular than the villains such as Li Linfu and Niu Xianke. However, due to the creation of typical images, its objective significance has far exceeded the scope of simple metaphors. In the poem "Eight Sorrows: The Right Servant Shoots the Prime Minister Zhang Gong Jiuling", Zhang Jiuling is praised for "the poem is full of space, and the words at the end of the poem are clear and clear". The latter sentence refers to the freshness and conciseness of his poetic language; the former sentence refers to his poetry. The poetic flavor leaves room for imagination and association, which is thought-provoking.
Author's biography
Zhang Jiuling (678-- 740), named Zishou, was born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (today's Shaoguan City, Guangdong). After becoming a Jinshi, he was awarded the rank of Dao Yilu Ke, and was awarded the rank of Zuo Shiyi, a native of Zhongshushe, and the governor of Guizhou. , bachelor of Jixian Academy, minister of Zhongshu, etc. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), he became the minister of Zhongshu and became a subordinate of Zhongshu. The next year, he moved to Zhongshu Ling and studied the history of the country. In the 14th year, he was expelled from the post of prime minister and demoted to the governor of Jing. He died in the 28th year of his life at the age of 63. His poems are said to be light and elegant, and he was considered to be the founder of the Wang, Meng, Chu and Wei schools. Volume 2 of Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" says: "Zhang Zishou pioneered the light style, which was followed by Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian and Wei Yingwu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Shi Buhua's "Xian Maid's Poems" says: "The five-character ancient style in the early Tang Dynasty still followed the style of the Six Dynasties, but Chen Zi'ang and Zhang Jiuling were directly related to the Han and Wei Dynasties. "There are now twenty volumes of "Collected Works of Mr. Qu Jiang and Zhang".