1. Narrative poems and lyric poems. This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative Poetry: Poetry contains relatively complete story lines and characters, which are usually expressed by the poet's passionate singing. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category. Ancient Greek Homer's epics such as Heriat and Odyssey; China poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang and other story poems; Don Juan by British poet Byron and yevgeni onegin by Russian poet Pushkin.
(2) Lyrics: It mainly reflects the social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc. There are many such works, so I won't list them one by one.
Of course, narration and lyricism are not absolutely separated. Narrative poetry is also lyrical, but its lyricism requires close combination with narrative. Lyric poems often describe some fragments of life, but they can't be spread out, and they must obey the needs of lyricism.
2. Metric poems, free poems and prose poems. This is classified according to the phonological meter and structural form of the language of the work.
(1) Metric poetry: It is a poem written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict rules on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables), the tone and rhyme, the antithesis of words and the arrangement of sentence patterns. Such as the metrical poems, quatrains and songs in China's ancient poems and the European sonnets.
(2) Free verse: it is a newly developed poetic style in modern Europe and America. It is not limited by metrical rules, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and internal rhythm, and uses rhymes roughly similar or without rhymes. The number of words, lines, sentence patterns and tones are relatively free, and the language is relatively popular. Whitman, an American poet (1819-1892), is the founder of European and American free verse, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This poetic style has also become popular in China since the May 4th Movement.
(3) Prose poetry: it is a literary genre with both prose and poetry characteristics. There are poetic artistic conception and passion in the works, which are often full of philosophy, paying attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. The length is short, like prose, and it does not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's Weeds.
From the perspective of major genres: narrative, argumentative and expository (generally as small compositions)
From the way of proposition: propositional composition, semi-propositional composition and free propositional composition (rarely)
From the form of the topic: topic composition, material composition and picture composition.
1, narrative (1) can be classified into content and expression: ① simple narrative. ② Complex narrative. (2) From the different points of writing objects: ① Narratives written by people are the main ones. (2) Narrative narrative. (3) Narrative based on landscape writing. (4) Narrative mainly tells things. (2) Explanatory text: a style that takes explanation as the main expression and is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, reasons, merits and demerits of things. 1, the classification of expository texts can be divided into objects (contents): ① expository texts of substantive things. (2) explanation. (3) scientific essays. From the language expression, it can be divided into: ① plain and explanatory words. (2) literature expository. 2. The characteristics of the explanatory text: (1) The content is scientific. (2) The structure is clear and organized. (3) There is strict accuracy in language. (3) Practical writing: Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format, short length, simplicity and popularity. 1. writing type of practical writing: (1) letters: general letters, special letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, letter of introduction, open letter, confirmation letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), telegrams and remittances. (2) Notes: diaries and reading notes. (3) Official documents: orders, decisions, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and minutes of meetings. (4) Publicity category: advertising draft, speech draft, blackboard newspaper, news, communication and product manual. (5) Notice category: apocalypse, poster. (6) Etiquette: invitation, greeting (congratulatory letter, telegram), telegram and condolence letter. (7) Deed of house: receipt, loan note, receipt, loan note, leave note, etc. ), contracts (agreements) and conventions. (8) Biography: Biography, local chronicles and family history (school history, village history). (4) Argumentative essay: Argumentative essay is a common style that directly expresses the author's views and opinions through facts and arguments. (1), classification of argumentative essays: classified by content and purpose: ① general argumentative essays. Two comments. Prose (essays, essays, notes). 4 after reading. According to the way of argumentation: ① Make a paper. 2 refute the paper.
Elements six elements: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event (mostly narrative) The real elements of the narrative: the theme of the story focuses on the series of plots (including the cause, process and result of the event). Explanatory elements: objective, clear and vivid argumentative elements: stacking principle of arguments 1. Writing method at the beginning: Everything is difficult at the beginning, and writing is also necessary. Commonly used methods are: (1) background method: explain the time, place, scene and other background of the event. (2) Character method: explain the main characters or related characters to be described in the article. (3) Topic syntax: Put forward a viewpoint or argument as a topic to be clarified or discussed in the article. (4) questioning method: Asking questions leads to the content of the article and attracts readers' attention. (5) Amazing sense of language: Starting with sentences with amazing sense of language, arouse readers' interest. (6) Story method: spread the article in the form of storytelling, and spread the article on this basis. Mostly used in narrative and argumentative essays. (7) Data method: citing verified figures to cause topics. (8) Grammatical quotation: quote famous sayings or commonly used idioms and proverbs as the beginning of the article. (9) Definition method: it is common to define the topic first, and then explain it in detail through examples, logical reasoning and other methods. (10) Exaggeration: Attract readers on the premise that it is absolutely impossible (1 1) Description: It sets off the theme of the article from another aspect and leads to the following. (12) Set suspense: arouse readers' interest and sublimate the style of the article. 2. Text writing (1) deductive method: from general to individual. Put the sentence with universality and generality at the beginning of the paragraph, and the other sentences in the paragraph are the concretization of the topic sentence and the concrete explanation of the topic sentence. (2) induction: from special to general. According to specific and individual cases, the general rules are summarized. 3. Write a brief evaluation or conclusion at the end (1): The last few sentences of the article summarize the full text and further affirm the central idea of the article or the author's point of view. (2) Anaphora sentence: Go back to the central idea or topic sentence of the article to achieve the effect of re-affirmation or emphasis. (3) Ending with a rhetorical question: Although the form is a question, the meaning is affirmative, with obvious emphasis, which can arouse readers' thinking. (4) Put forward a prospect or hope: put forward a prospect or hope for the future and call on readers to act on it. (5) How to improve the writing level by quoting famous sayings, proverbs and common idioms. Careful observation is the golden key to improve the writing level. Only by careful observation can we find broken jade from the mineral deposits of life phenomena and grab the shining treasure from the mixed sediment. Without mastering the golden key of "observation", the "iron gate" of composition will never get past. 2. Read more books. Extensive reading is the premise of improving the level of composition. To write a good article, you must read more books. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god." "I am familiar with 300 Tang poems, and I can sing even if I can't write poems." We emphasize that we should not only read more, but also read selectively, and even more, we should read in and understand the structural skills and language characteristics of the articles we read. 3. Practice writing frequently. Regular writing practice is the key to improve writing level. Want to enter the door of composition, make continuous progress, and more importantly, practice more. As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." This tells the truth that writing practice produces true knowledge. Keeping a diary is an effective way to practice writing. Keep a diary every day to lay a solid foundation for future writing. Use your imagination. 5. Read more books. 6. Learn from other people's good articles (not plagiarism) and learn from other people's opinions. 7. Listen to other people's opinions. /z/q22423 1825.htm？ F7 % CE % C4 % B5 % C4 % B7 % D6 % C0 % E0 & amp； spi= 1。 Sr = 1 & amp； w8 = % E4 % BD % 9C % E6 % 96% 87% E7 % 9A % 84% E5 % 88% 86% E7 % b 1% BB & amp； qf=20。 rn= 1 15。 qs = 4 & ampch=w.search. 1