Poetry on microbial decomposition 1. Ancient Poems and Song Poems about Microbes
1. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river.
-Don Wang Zhihuan at the Heron Villa.
2. The Wan Li sand of the Yellow River with nine twists and turns, and the waves are blowing.
-"Langtaosha" Don Liu Yuxi
After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June.
-"Dawn Out of Jingci Temple to Send Lin Zifang" Song Yang Wanli
4. The harm of the West flows to Li Qian.
-"Evocation" Warring States Period. Qu Yuan (340 BC-278 BC)
5. Trees grow and grass is abundant. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough.
-"Looking at the Sea" Three Kingdoms. Cao
6. Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.
-"The next berth on the North Fort Mountain" Tang Wangwan
7. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes.
-"Qiantang Spring Tour" Tang Bai Juyi
2. Poems about microorganisms
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1. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. -"In the Heron Lodge" Don Wang Zhihuan 2. The twists and turns of the Yellow River and the sand of Wan Li, waves and strong winds blow from the horizon. -"Langtaosha" Tang Liu Yuxi 3. After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June. -"Dawn Out of Jingci Temple to Send Lin Zifang" Song Yang Wanli 4. The harm of the westward flow to the sand Xi-Evocation of the Soul Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period (340 BC-278 BC) 5. Trees grow, and a hundred plants multiply. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough-the three countries watch the sea. Cao 6. Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water. -"The next berth on Beibao Mountain" Tang Wangwan 7. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. -"Qiantang Spring Tour" Tang Bai Juyi
3. Poems and songs about microorganisms
1. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river.
-"In the Heron Lodge" Don Wang Zhihuan 2. The twists and turns of the Yellow River and the sand of Wan Li, waves and strong winds blow from the horizon. -"Langtaosha" Tang Liu Yuxi 3. After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June.
-"Dawn Out of Jingci Temple to Send Lin Zifang" Song Yang Wanli 4. The harm of the westward flow to the sand Xi-Evocation of the Soul Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period (340 BC-278 BC) 5. Trees grow, and a hundred plants multiply. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough-the three countries watch the sea. Cao 6. Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.
-"The next berth on Beibao Mountain" Tang Wangwan 7. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. -"Qiantang Spring Tour" Tang Bai Juyi.
4. The performance of microbial decomposition
Microorganisms, like other organisms, are alive, and metabolism runs through their life activities, including anabolism (assimilation) and catabolism (alienation).
Microbial cells are in direct contact with the living environment, and microorganisms constantly absorb suitable nutrients from the external environment, synthesize new cellular substances and storage substances in the cells, and store energy, that is, assimilation, which is the material basis for their growth and development; At the same time, the aged cellular materials and nutrients absorbed from the outside are decomposed into simple materials, which produces some intermediate products as the basic raw materials for the synthesis of cellular materials. Finally, the useless wastes are discharged from the body, and some energy is emitted in the form of heat, which is alienation. In the metabolic process of the above substances, energy is metabolized, and in the decomposition process, energy is released. Some of these energies are lost in the form of heat, and some of them are stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds, which are mainly used to maintain the physiological activities of microorganisms or meet the needs of synthetic metabolism.
According to the different functions of metabolites produced by microbial metabolism, metabolism can be divided into primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. Primary metabolism refers to the metabolism of physiologically active substances or energy that can transform nutrients into cell structure substances and maintain normal life activities of microorganisms.
The products of primary metabolism become primary metabolites. Secondary metabolism refers to the metabolism of non-cellular structural substances and non-essential substances carried out by some microorganisms to maintain their normal life activities.
For example, some microorganisms accumulate fermentation products (antibiotics, toxins, pigments, etc.). ). The metabolism of microorganisms is composed of a series of continuous biochemical reactions in microorganisms. These biochemical reactions can be carried out extremely quickly in organisms under the conditions of normal temperature, normal pressure and neutral pH, because there are various enzymes and enzyme systems in organisms, and most biochemical reactions are carried out under the catalysis of specific enzymes.
Assimilation and alienation are both contradictory and unified. Like other organisms, metabolism is the most basic life process of microorganisms and the basis of all other life phenomena. 2. 1 Energy metabolism of microorganisms Microorganisms need energy in their life activities, and energy is mainly obtained through biological oxidation.
The so-called biological oxidation refers to the oxidation of all metabolites in cells. They can generate a lot of energy in the oxidation process, release it in stages, and store it in ATP molecules in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds for use when needed.
2. 1. 1 Types of microbial respiration (biological oxidation) According to the different hydrogen and electron acceptors released during substrate oxidation, microbial respiration can be divided into three types, namely aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation. (1) Aerobic respiration The biological oxidation process with molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor is called aerobic respiration.
Many heterotrophic microorganisms use organic matter as respiratory substrate under aerobic conditions and obtain energy through breathing. Taking glucose as an example, it is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water through EMP pathway and TCA cycle, and 38 ATP are generated. The chemical reaction formula is: c6h12o6+6o2+38adp+38pi → 6co2+6h2o+38atp (anaerobic respiration). The biological oxidation process with inorganic oxide as the final electron acceptor is called anaerobic respiration.
Compounds that can play this role are sulfate, nitrate and carbonate. This is the breathing process of a few microorganisms.
For example, Micrococcus denitrificans oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water, and reduces nitrate to nitrite (so it is called denitrification). The reaction formula is as follows: c6h12o6+12no3 –→ 6co2+6h2o+12no2–+429000 calories (3) If the electron donor is organic. In the fermentation process, organic matter is not only the oxidized substrate, but also the final electron acceptor. However, due to incomplete oxidation, the productivity is relatively small.
Yeast used glucose for alcohol fermentation, and only released 2.26* 105J of heat, of which only 9.6* 104J was stored in ATP, and the rest was lost in the form of heat. The reaction formula is as follows: c6h12o6+2adp+2pi → 2c2h5oh+2co2+2atp2.1.2 In the process of transferring hydrogen and electrons removed from respiratory substrates by microorganisms to the final electron acceptor, they pass through a series of intermediate transporters in turn, and they are "linked" with each other like a chain, so they are called respiratory chains. It is mainly composed of dehydrogenase, coenzyme Q and cytochrome.
It mainly exists in the mitochondria of eukaryotes; In prokaryotes, it binds to cell membranes and intermediates. Its function is to transfer hydrogen and electrons, and at the same time synthesize ATP by using the energy released in the process of electron transfer.
2. As a result of biological oxidation of1.3 ATP, not only many reduced coenzyme I are regenerated, but more importantly, energy is obtained for the life activities of organisms. The production of ATP is the result of electrons passing through the respiratory chain from the initial electron donor to the final electron acceptor.
ATP is the main transmitter of energy in organisms. When microorganisms gain energy, they are first converted into ATP.
When energy is needed, the high-energy bonds on ATP molecules hydrolyze and release energy again. These energies have a good chance to interact with catalytic enzymes in the body and can be reused and stored.
At pH 7.0, the free energy change △G of ATP is -3* 104J. This molecule is relatively stable and easy to cause reaction, so it is an ideal energy transmitter in microorganisms. Therefore, ATP is of great significance to the life activities of microorganisms.
The reaction of synthesizing ATP by light energy is called photophosphorylation. The reaction of synthesizing ATP by using the energy released in the process of biological oxidation is called oxidative phosphorylation, which is ubiquitous in organisms. The degradation reaction of organic matter and the synthesis reaction of products are coupled through redox, thus generating, preserving and releasing energy.
There are two ways for microorganisms to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation: (1) substrate level phosphorylation and high-energy phosphate conversion of intermediate products alienation.
5. Ancient poetry with biological knowledge
1 falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more. -Gong Zizhen's Miscellaneous Work on the Sea (Decomposition of Microorganisms and Circulation of Matter)
Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze. -Bai Juyi's Farewell to Grassland Grass (Resilience and Stability of Grassland Ecosystem)
Spring garden can't be closed, an apricot goes out of the wall. -Ye Shaoweng's "Garden is worthless" (phototropism of plants)
It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. -Zhao Shixiu's "Guests" (frogs sing, mate and reproduce after hibernation)
Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. -Cen Can's Song of Snow White sent Wu, secretary of Tian, home (plants bloom under the influence of temperature and light).
In April, the world is full of beautiful scenery, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom. -Bai Juyi's Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple (the low temperature on the mountain is the main ecological factor affecting the late opening of peach blossoms)
7 stop and sit in the maple grove late, and the frost leaves are red in February. -Du Mu's Mountain Walk (Effect of Temperature on Chloroplast Pigment and Anthocyanin)
The leaves in Li Tang are rosy, and buckwheat is white snow in full bloom. -Wang Yucheng's "Village Walk" (the color of pear leaves; Buckwheat blooms in autumn)
9 rattan flower purple velvet, rattan Julia help. Who calls lewdness not worth the candle? It bends like a snake. If the ropes get tangled. Poor central tree, tied into dead branches. -Bai Juyi's Wisteria (epiphytic phenomenon of lianas)
10 rice flowers say harvest and listen to frogs. -Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon (the role of food chain, natural enemies and frog protection in crop harvest)
1 1 the moon comes first near the water tower, and the flowers and trees in the sun come in early spring. -Poem by Su Lin to Fan Zhongyan (Effects of Temperature and Light on Plant Development)
12 at the foot of Nanshan, the grass is covered with bean seedlings. -Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden (interspecific competition between crops and weeds)
13 The children ran after Huang Die and flew into the cauliflower, but there was no trace. -Yang Wanli's "Su Xincheng Xugong Store" two songs (animal protective color)
14 bright moon surprises magpie, and the breeze sings at midnight. -Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon (stress, biological response to external stimuli)
15 The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation is frosty. The geese are homesick for the south, and the monarch and guest are heartbroken in the middle of the year. -Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing (adaptation of organisms to climate change, defoliation of vegetation, migration of migratory birds)
16 sow a drop in spring and reap ten thousand kinds in autumn. -sympathy for agriculture (biological reproduction phenomenon) in Shen Li's poems
17 wild silkworms don't make cocoons, and autumn moths are born among leaves. -Tian Jiaxing of Zhang Ji (development process of wild silkworm, abnormal development)
18 seeing through butterflies, dragonflies fly slowly. -Du Fu's "Two Poems of Qujiang" (butterflies fly in the flowers for food, mating, spawning and water spawning, and fly at the touch)
Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the mud in spring. -Bai Juyi's "Qiantang Spring Tour" (In early spring, the climate is still cold, and the orioles compete for the sunny branches, which is actually an occupation in reproduction; Swallows hold mud grass in their beaks and mix saliva to build nests under the eaves.
Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. -Du Fu's "Jiang Nan Chun Jue Ju" (the phenomenon that the same kind of animals live in groups for reasons such as foraging, defense and reproduction)
6. Are there any poems about biological life phenomena?
I quit my job and go home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but this is not a heartless thing. It can be turned into the soil of spring and can also play a role in nurturing the next generation.
-Decomposition of microorganisms The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season. Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze-the scenery in spring is returning to stability, and the grassland ecosystem can't stop apricot trees from coming out of the wall-phototropism suddenly came like spring breeze, blowing away the petals of ten thousand pear trees-the flowering of plants is affected by temperature and light. Cut the grass at noon, sweat the grass into the soil-sweat to dissipate heat, sweat inorganic salts and urea for plants to grow in April. Peach blossoms are in full bloom in Shansi-the influence of temperature on plant growth is intentional, not intentional-the spring breeze of nutrition and reproduction is not enough-the influence of altitude on living things is once bitten by a snake, twice shy of a rope-conditioned reflex (proverb)-the weather freezes and kills many pests; The fragrance of rice flowers is fragrant in the harvest, listening to the sound of frogs-beneficial insects, pests and harvest; The mantis catches the cicada, and the yellowbird is behind-the food chain is close to the water tower, and the flowers and trees are easy to spring in the sun.
-There is plenty of sunshine and plants grow vigorously. The sun is shining and everything is brilliant. -sunlight is the energy of the ecosystem. Rain and dew moisten seedlings, and everything grows on the sun. -Plant growth is related to water. The sunshine stops loving the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are redder than the February flowers.
—— In autumn, chlorophyll decomposes, anthocyanins appear, and maple leaves are as red as flowers. Especially beautiful, two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.
-Seasonal reproduction and migration behavior of birds.