Chen Xun
(1385-1464), courtesy name Dezun, was a native of Taihe, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. In the thirteenth year of Yongle (1415), he ranked first in Jinshi, taught compilation, and became a lecturer. Xuande first went to Nangong, where he served as a lecturer and later became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. In the ninth year of Zhengtong (1444), he joined Wenyuan Pavilion as an engine maintenance officer. In the second year, he became the right servant and bachelor of the household department. In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), the "Civil Revolution" occurred. Emperor Yingzong was captured by the Mongolian Wasac tribe, and some courtiers supported Emperor Jing as emperor. At that time, people in the court were frightened, and there were endless debates over the matter of establishing an emperor. Chen Xun took a middle ground, and was favored by Emperor Jing. He was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and then became Shaobao and Bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion. Soon he was promoted to Crown Prince and Tutor, and entered Huagaidian University. The scholar still serves as Wenyuan Pavilion. Later, Emperor Yingzong came back to restore his throne. Because Shi Heng and others falsely accused minister Yu Qian of treason, Yu Qian, Wang Wen and others were killed for treason. Chen Xun was implicated, sentenced to a hundred sticks and forced to join the Tieling Guards. At that time, Chen Xun was already more than 70 years old. age.
Winning the first place in Jinshi at the beginning shows his talent. He was good at poetry and prose. When he was exiled to Tieling, Yuantong Temple was being rebuilt in Tieling. He wrote "Notes on the Rebuilding of the Yuantong Temple Pagoda in Yinzhou" for it, "Notes on the Rebuilding of the Chongshou Temple Pagoda" for Kaiyuan and many poems about Tieling. He once taught students in Tieling and made teaching a career. He loved Tieling's scenic spots and historic sites and wrote many poems to praise them. He was one of the first poets to recite Tieling's scenery. His poems have become Tieling's precious cultural heritage.
According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", Chen Xun was a relatively upright official. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the imperial censor Zhang Kai presented poems to the emperor as an invitation to favor him. Although he knew that he would offend the emperor, he was absolved thanks to his defense. During the reign of Emperor Jing, he wrote a letter titled "Essential Code for Diligent Government", suggesting that he should behave like the ancient emperors and govern the government. At that time, it snowed heavily in the south of the Yangtze River and the wheat seedlings froze to death. He asked for money from the treasury to buy wheat seeds for farmers, which was mostly accepted by the emperor. Later, Shi Heng's false accusation was revealed, and Chen Xun was released as a citizen. He still lived in Tieling and died of illness a year later. After Yu Qian Zhaoxue, Chen Xun was also rehabilitated, and Zhao was granted the sacrifice in his original position.
Yu Qian
(1398-1457), a famous official in the Ming Dynasty. His courtesy name was Tingyi, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang. Jinshi during the Yongle period. When he was the supervisory censor and patrolled Jiangxi, he vindicated hundreds of people who had been wrongly imprisoned. He was promoted to the right minister of the Ministry of War and became the governor of Henan and Shanxi. He went deep into the lanes to visit his elders, provided relief for famines, built embankments and planted trees, and collected all the privately cultivated fields in the town as official villages to subsidize border funds. He has been in office for nineteen years and has a high prestige.
In the thirteenth year of Zhengtong (1448), he went to the capital to serve as the left minister of the Ministry of War. When Yingzong was captured during the Civil War Incident in the 14th year (1449), he firmly opposed moving the capital to Nanjing, supported Emperor Jing, mobilized troops and horses from all walks of life to strictly guard the capital, and was promoted to Minister of War. When defending the capital, he personally supervised the battle and repelled the attack of the Wa Ci Army outside Beijing. Add Shaobao, governor of military affairs. In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Yingzong was released first with no opportunity to take advantage of it. Yu Qian persuaded Emperor Jingtai to bring Yingzong back.
Yu Qian believed that the peace talks were difficult to rely on, so he worked hard to rectify the military system of the Beijing camp, established regiment camps, strengthened military training, and mobilized troops to suppress peasant uprisings such as Deng Maoqi, Ye Zongliu, and Huang Xiaoyang. He was an honest and upright official, never currying favor with the powerful, and did not avoid resentment, so he had deep conflicts with powerful officials Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, and the eunuch Cao Jixiang.
In the first year of Tianshun (1457), after Yingzong launched a palace coup to regain the throne with the support of Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, and Cao Jixiang, he immediately arrested Yu Qian, accused him of treason, executed him, ransacked his home, and sent his family members to the border. During the Xinzhi period, he was given the posthumous title Sumin, and during the Wanli period, his posthumous title was changed to Zhongsu. He is the author of "Yu Zhongsu Collection".
Shang Ren
Shang Ren (1414～1486) was the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Hongzai and the name is Su'an. A native of Chun'an, Hangzhou. In the tenth year of Xuande (1435), he ranked first in the provincial examination (Jie Yuan), in the tenth year of Zhengtong (1445), he ranked first in the Hui Yuan examination, and then in the palace examination (Zhuangyuan). Those who hit "Three Yuan" in a row. He successively served as the Minister of the Ministry of War, the Minister of the Ministry of Hubu and the Bachelor of Wenyuange, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the Prince Shaobao, and the Bachelor of Jinshen Palace. He was upright, generous and tolerant. People at that time called him "the wisest minister in my court, the best businessman in the world". His posthumous title was Wenyi. He is the author of "Short Drafts of Shang Wenyi", "Collection of Shang Wenyi", "Bi Chen of Cane Mountain", and compiled "Compendium of Tongjian of Song and Yuan Dynasties", etc. This person was the only person in the Ming Dynasty who won three consecutive prizes in the provincial examination, the general examination, and the palace examination.
Peng Shi
(1416-1475), a native of Anfu, Jiangxi Province, was given the courtesy name Chun Dao, also the courtesy name Hongdao, and his given name Kezhai. He was born in the 14th year of Yongle reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty (1416) and died in the 11th year of Chenghua reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty (1475). In the 13th year of the Zhengtong reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1448), he became the number one scholar in the Wuchen branch and was awarded the title of editor of the Hanlin Academy. It dates back to the three dynasties of Ming Yingzong, Emperor Jingtai and Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty.
He had been in power for thirty years. He served the country diligently and upheld the principle of being upright. When he retired from public service, he never used political language as his disciples. If you have something to say and recommend, don’t let anyone know about it. Yanju has no lazy appearance, obeys the emperor's frugal covenants, has no vocals and music, and does not take anything that is not his duty. He has the style of an ancient minister.
Yang Shan
Sijing, a native of Daxing in the Ming Dynasty. He was a scholar at the age of seventeen. It happened to be the year when Zhu Di launched his army and launched the "Battle of Jingnan". Yang Shan was introduced to the ceremony because of his contribution to the defense of the city. In the first year of Yongle, Yang Shan was changed to the preface class of Honglu Temple. Honglu Temple is in charge of celebrations and ceremonials. The preface class is from the ninth rank. Although the official position is small, he can often see the emperor. Yang Shan's "great demeanor, loud voice, and progressive work" always caught the attention of Zhu Di, the founder of the Song Dynasty. Later, Lei Guan entered Yousi Cheng. After Renzong ascended the throne, he was promoted to minister of the temple. After Yingzong came to the throne, Yang Rong, Yang Shan's son, pretended to be a middle official and gave fake gold to Shangshu Wuzhong.
After the incident, Yang Rong was relegated to Weiyuan Guard, but Yang Shan was not implicated. Soon after, he was promoted to Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of Rites, and was also in charge of Honglu Temple.
Yang Shan is smooth and eloquent. After the Tumubao Incident, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Qizhen was captured by Wala. After Emperor Daizong of the Ming Dynasty came to the throne, he sent Yang Shan, censor of the right capital, and Zhao Rong, minister of the Ministry of Industry, to lead an envoy to Wala. Yang Shan bought many rare treasures by selling off his property, and relied on his eloquent words to welcome back the Yingzong without an imperial edict. Later, Xu Youzhen and others launched the famous "Campaign to Seize the Gate". Successfully restored Zhu Qizhen to the throne.
Zhang Juzheng
(1525~1584), named Shuda and Taiyue. In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), when Zhang Juzheng was born in the home of a scholar in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now part of Hubei), his ancestors could no longer care for him, and what greeted him was only a white turtle belonging to his great-grandfather. Dream. The moon in the dream fell into the water urn, illuminating the surrounding area with light, and then a white turtle floated leisurely out of the water. The great-grandfather believed that Bai Gui was his great-grandson, so he gave him the nickname "Bai Gui", hoping that he would be able to honor his ancestors in the future. Bai Gui was indeed extremely intelligent, and he became a well-known child prodigy in Jingzhou Prefecture at a very young age. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing's reign, 12-year-old Bai Gui applied for examination. His cleverness won the affection of Li Shi'ao, the prefect of Jingzhou. He told young Bai Gui to have great ambitions since childhood and to serve the country loyally when he grew up. He changed his name to Ju Zheng. . This year, I am a student in the government. Four years later, the arrogant Zhang Juzheng successfully passed the provincial examination and became a young scholar. Gu Lin, the governor of Huguang, admired him very much. He once said to others, "This son will be a talented person." He took off his rhinoceros belt and gave it to Ju Zheng, saying: "I hope you will set up lofty ambitions, be Yi Yin, be Yan Yuan, not just Become a young man who will become famous. "In the 26th year of Jiajing's reign, 23-year-old Zhang Juzheng was awarded a second-class Jinshi and was awarded the title of Shujishi.
Shujishi is a kind of trainee official. As a rule, he has to study in the Hanlin Academy for three years. After the expiration, he can be awarded the title of editor. Zhang Juzheng was selected as a Shujishi, and he was taught by Xu Jie, an important minister in the cabinet. Xu Jie attached great importance to the knowledge of economic development and economic development. Under his guidance, Zhang Juzheng worked hard to study the laws and regulations of the country, which laid a solid foundation for him to enter the political arena in the future.
In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen centralization of power, the prime minister was abolished and a cabinet was established, whose functions were equivalent to the emperor's secretarial office. The chief cabinet scholar is called the chief assistant, which is actually the prime minister. When Zhang Juzheng entered the Hanlin Academy to study, a fierce political struggle was going on in the cabinet. At that time, there were only two bachelors in the cabinet, Xia Yan and Yan Song. As a result of the competition between the two for the position of chief assistant, Xia Yan was killed and Yan Song became the chief assistant of the cabinet.
As for the cabinet struggle, Zhang Juzheng, as a new scholar, naturally has no say. But through several years of cold-eyed observation, he gained an intuitive understanding of the political corruption and ineffective border defense of the imperial court. For this reason, in the twenty-eighth year of Jiajing (1549), Zhang Juzheng first mentioned one of the diseases of "congestion of blood and Qi" in "On Current Affairs" (Volume 15 of "The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhonggong"), and then referred to the fifth disease of "bloat, flaccidity and paralysis". Disease, systematically expounded his ideas for reforming politics. Naturally, these did not attract the attention of Ming Shizong and Yan Song. After that, except for routine memorials during the Jiajing Dynasty, Ju Zheng never gave any memorials.
In the thirty-third year of Jiajing reign, Zhang Juzheng left the capital and came to his hometown Jiangling on the pretext of taking leave to recuperate. During his three-year vacation, he still did not forget state affairs and personally contacted farmers. Juzheng, who came from a poor family, experienced the hard work, hunger, cold and pain of the people in the countryside. He said in "Inscriptions of Jingzhou Prefecture" (Volume 9 of "The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhonggong"): "The land distribution is uneven, the poor are unemployed, and the people are suffering from annexation." All this can't help but make him excited, and his sense of responsibility makes him return to the political arena.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing reign, Zhang Juzheng still returned to serve in the Hanlin Academy. At this time, he gradually matured in his depressed thinking. Amid the political turmoil, he imitated his teacher Xu Jie, who "has no social support within himself, but no trace of external desires" and moved his camera. In the forty-third year of Jiajing's reign, Juzheng entered the palace in Youyude, Youchunfang. The far-sighted Xu Jie recommended Juzheng to serve as the minister of Yuyu and Zhu Zaihe. Yuode is just a false title, but since Yuyu is likely to inherit the throne, attending Yuyu's residence and giving lectures is no longer an idle position. During his stay in Yudi, "all the kings had good things, and all the people in the palace and in the palace were good at being upright" ("History of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng Biography"). Forty-five years later, he took charge of the affairs of the Hanlin Academy.
In this year, Emperor Shizong died and King Yu came to the throne as Emperor Muzong of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng's opportunity came. In the first year of Longqing (1567), as an old minister of King Yu, he was promoted to the left minister of the Ministry of Personnel and the bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion, entered the cabinet, and participated in government affairs. In April of the same year, he was appointed Minister of Rites and Tutu of Wuyingdian University. Zhang Juzheng is forty-three years old this year. At this time, he will probably not forget the poem he wrote when he was thirteen years old, "The phoenix feathers are full of strength, straight to the end of the pole." Thirty years later, he finally "reached the end" in a secret contest.
Qi Jiguang
(1528-11-12-1588-01-05) Han nationality, a famous anti-Japanese general, national hero, strategist, and martial artist in the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name was Yuanjing, his nickname was Nantang, and later his name was Mengzhu. As famous as Yu Dayou. A native of Dengzhou, Shandong, his ancestral home is Dingyuan, Anhui, and he was born in Jining, Shandong. His father, Qi Jingtong, had been an official for generations. In the 17th year of the Jiajing reign, Qi Jiguang inherited his father's title at the age of 10 and became an official of the fourth rank. In the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), he participated in the martial arts examination. During the examination, the Gengshu Revolution occurred, so Qi Jiguang was assigned to Jimen. After fighting the Tatar army, he wrote the "Answer Book for Me". They fought against the invading Japanese pirates in the coastal areas of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangdong. After more than ten years and more than 80 major and minor battles, they finally eliminated the Japanese pirates. When I was young, I loved reading and was familiar with the classics and history.
In the 23rd year of Jiajing's reign (1544), he inherited his father's position as the commander of the Dengzhou Guard. In the thirty-second year, Ren Du commanded the affairs of Qian and prepared for Japan in Shandong. In the thirty-fourth year, he was transferred to the capital of Zhejiang Province. Spin into the general. He was divided into three prefectures: Ningbo, Shaoxing, and Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang). In the thirty-sixth year, he was dismissed from office by impeachment. He was reinstated by Ping Wang Zhigong and was transferred to guard Taizhou, Jinhua and Yanzhou (now northeast of Jiande, Zhejiang Province). At that time, Zhejiang was plagued by Japanese invaders, and the old army was of poor quality. Qi Jiguang recruited farmers and miners to form a new army. Strict discipline, trust in rewards and punishments, equipped with sophisticated warships and weapons, and careful training; he also assessed the situation and created a "Mandarin Duck Formation" that was suitable for both offense and defense based on the terrain of many lakes and swamps in the south and the characteristics of Japanese pirate operations. Tactically, a team of eleven people is used as a team, equipped with long and short weapons such as shields, spears, spears, wolves, knives, etc., and the formation can be changed according to the enemy and the situation, so as to fight flexibly. Every battle has many victories, and the world calls him "Qi Jiajun".