Wang Anshi
The eaves are long and clean without moss.
Flowers and trees are all planted by hand.
Fields protected by water will be green,
Two mountain platoon leaders send green.
[Notes]
1. Mr. Hu Yin: It refers to Yang Defeng, the neighbor friend of the author when he lived in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) during the Yuan Feng period (1078- 1086). There are two songs on this topic, and the first choice is here.
2. Protect the fields: Protect the garden fields. According to the Preface to the Biography of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, the western regions in Han Dynasty were cultivated and guarded by envoys. Will: Here. Green: refers to the color of water.
3. Row: Push the door open. Lu: The small door in the palace. According to the biography of Han Fan Kuai, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was ill and was forbidden to enter, but Fan Kuai rushed straight into Liu Bang's bedroom.
[translation]
The courtyard of the thatched cottage is often cleaned, so clean that there is no moss. Rows of flowers and trees are filled with flower beds, all planted by their owners themselves. A small river outside the courtyard guards the farmland and surrounds the green fields. Two green hills pushed open the door and brought green hills.
[explanation]
This poem was engraved on the wall of Mr Hu Ming's house. The first two sentences describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life. The last two sentences go outside the courtyard, writing about the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, and using the two allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind", turning mountains and rivers into vivid and emotional images. Mountains and rivers take the initiative to meet people, which is a manifestation of people's nobility. Although there is no positive description of people in the poem, writing about mountains and rivers means writing about people. The scenery and people care for each other everywhere, and every sentence is closed and melted without trace. The poet's allusions are exquisite, and readers don't know the contents of allusions, which does not hinder the understanding of the general idea of poetry; The profound and interesting meaning of poetry needs to know the source of allusions in order to understand it more deeply.
[Appreciation]
This is a poem written by Wang Anshi on the wall of every household in Yang De. Yang Defeng, alias Mr. Hu Yin, was a neighbor and frequent friend of the author when he retired to Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
The first two sentences praise the tranquility of Yang's compound. "Mao Yan" refers to the courtyard. "Quiet" means clean. How to write it clean? The poet rejects all plain descriptions and only uses the word "no moss", which is really unique. Why do you see it? It is rainy in the south of the Yangtze River and rainy in early summer, which is more conducive to the growth of moss than other seasons. Moreover, moss likes darkness, always grows in secluded places, and is more difficult to sweep than other weeds. Now there is no moss in the yard, doesn't it mean it is everywhere, all the time? Here, the humble image, because of the proper use of words, has an unusually rich expressive force. "Flowers and trees" are the most striking scenery in the courtyard. Because there are many varieties, we should plant them in separate beds. In this way, the word "Chengqi" not only shows the neatness of flower beds, but also strongly implies the richness of flowers and trees, which are both neat and not monotonous.
This quiet environment is intoxicating, so when the poet's eyes move from the flowers and trees in the courtyard to the mountains and rivers outside the courtyard, his thoughts will be so distant and elegant, so the following epigram was born. "One Water" and "Two Mountains" will be transformed into friendly images full of life and feelings, which will be told from generation to generation. But the last two sentences are widely read, mainly because of the following two points: first, personification and description are integrated into one, seamless. The word "one water to protect the field" is "around", and you can see the winding stream and the green farmland around it. Isn't this like a scene where a mother protects her child with both hands? With the word "protection", the expression of "surrounding" is very clear. As for the word "Pailu" before "Song Qing", it is even more ingenious. It not only wrote that the mountain was not only dark green, but also fascinating, but it seemed to pounce on the courtyard! This description gives readers a fresh and vivid aesthetic feeling. It also shows that the distance of the mountain is not far, just in front of Yang's compound, so it looks within reach. What is particularly touching is that the mountains are rushing, as if they had just rushed from a distance, excited and enthusiastic. These all capture the characteristics of the scenery, and all these descriptions are combined with full personification. The mood and purpose are exactly like the scene of "friends coming from afar": I was so anxious that I rushed into the yard to give gifts without knocking at the door. The two blend seamlessly, setting each other off into interest, both strange and natural. It is both tempered and carved, fresh and meaningful, and has a long charm. Second, these two poems also conform to the image of Yang Defeng. In Qianlian, you can already see Mr. Hu Yin who is noble in character and full of interest in life. Living only under the eaves of thatched roofs, he not only "sweeps", but also "sweeps for a long time" (that is, sweeps frequently), so that he is "quiet and without moss"; "Flowers and trees grow beds", not by others, but by self-cultivation. It can be seen that he is quiet and refined, simple and hardworking. Such a noble literati, wandering between mountains and rivers, can certainly appreciate their beauty better than others and feel the closeness of "one water" and "two mountains"; The poet imagines that the mountains and rivers have feelings, and has already forged a profound friendship with Mr. Hu Yin. The title of the poem is "The Wall of Mr. Yin's Book Lake", which closely follows the theme and takes care of it everywhere, and also shows the depth of the poet's thought.
The personification of "one water" and "two mountains" in this poem is based on the characteristics of natural scenery and coincides with the specific content of life, so it is full of vitality and has become a famous sentence in ancient and modern times.
In terms of rhetorical skills, three or four sentences can also be used as examples. The allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind" are all from Hanshu, which are strict "history to history" and "Han to Han", so the poetic method is extremely meticulous. However, it reads naturally, as if the poet never tried to say it accurately. Because the poet melts allusions in his poems, we only think that he uses personification instead of "using things". "Make the best use of everything" without making people feel that it is its success.
References:
Baidu baike
Respondent: LLM 660- Juren Grade 5 9-30 16:40
Year: Song Dynasty
Author: Wang Anshi
Works: Mr. Shu Huyang's Wall
Content:
The eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
This poem was engraved on the wall of Mr Hu Ming's house. The first two sentences describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life. The last two sentences go outside the courtyard, writing about the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, and using the two allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind", turning mountains and rivers into vivid and emotional images. Mountains and rivers take the initiative to meet people, which is a manifestation of people's nobility. Although there is no positive description of people in the poem, writing about mountains and rivers means writing about people. The scenery and people care for each other everywhere, and every sentence is closed and melted without trace. The poet's allusions are exquisite, and readers don't know the contents of allusions, which does not hinder the understanding of the general idea of poetry; The profound and interesting meaning of poetry needs to know the source of allusions in order to understand it more deeply.