Gaozong, whose real name is Zhao Gou (A.D.1107-1187), was born in Deji, Han nationality. Hui Zong's ninth son, Emperor Qin Zongdi. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, he fled to Nanjing, where the throne was located. After 36 years in office, he was forced to abdicate at the age of 8 1 and was buried in Yongsiling (now Baoshan, 35 miles southeast of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province).
He was named King Guangping and Kang Wang successively. In the first year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 126), the nomads invaded the south on a large scale, and Qin Zong ordered him to make peace with the State of Jin together with Zhang Bangchang. When passing through Cizhou (now Cixian County, Hebei Province), the state official Zong Ze dissuaded him and said, "The government wants you to make peace. This is a deceptive trick. They have been in Enemy at the Gates. What's the use of making peace? You didn't walk into the trap! " People also stopped his horse from going to the north. Zhao Gou was afraid of being detained by Xu Jinguo, so he stayed in Xiangzhou (now Anyang County, Henan Province) and called himself Marshal of Hebei Military Forces.
In the second year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 127), the Jin army captured Bianjing and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Zhao Gou acceded to the throne in Yingtianfu, Nanjing (now south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province), and changed his title to "Jianyan".
After Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, he fled south under the pursuit of nomads from the Yellow River. It is said that Zhao Gou was chased by nomads from the north bank of the Yellow River, leaving only one horse. Later, Mary, the son of a loyal minister, risked his life to take him to the river and cross it by boat, only to survive. Later, with the help of the gods, Zhao Gou fabricated the story of "King Nima Dukang" to flaunt that he was the only thrill. He was afraid that Mary would reveal the truth, so he drugged Mary and killed him soon.
In the early days of Emperor Gaozong's reign, Zong Ze stayed in Tokyo with Li Gang, an anti-Japanese faction, and launched a military and civilian anti-gold movement. Soon, he dismissed Li Gang, activated the capitulators Huang Qian Shan and Wang Boyan, and moved Song Jun's defense line from the Yellow River to the Huaihe River, the Han River and the Yangtze River, thus reversing the anti-Japanese war. It made it easy for nomads to cross the Yellow River in three ways, and occupied a vast area from Qin Zhou in the west to Qingzhou in the east in less than three months.
For more than ten years from the first year of Jian Yan (1 127) to the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Gao Zong has been wandering around the southeast coast to avoid the Jin Army. He denied Zhang Jun's suggestion of "building a healthy capital and gradually restoring it" and fled to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) as the capital. Tokyo left Zong Ze for the Northern Expedition and urged the emperor to return to Bianjing, but the emperor ignored it and indulged in a corner of peace.
After he fled to Lin 'an, forced by the situation, he appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other hawkish generals to resist the gold, and appointed Qin Gui, the capitulator, as the prime minister, to make peace with the gold and bend his knees blindly to compromise. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), the Jin army invaded on a large scale. Song Jun won the battles of Shunchang and Yancheng in the fight against Jin Jun's southward advance. Yue Feijun recaptured Xijing (Luoyang), and the striker arrived in Zhuxian Town, only 45 miles from Bianjing. However, I am afraid to hinder the peace talks with Kim. He and Qin Gui drove Zhang Jun, Yang Yizhong and Yue Fei to withdraw, while Hong Yanzong Bi (Jin Wushu) took the opportunity to March into Huainan, forming a great army. In order to make peace completely, Emperor Gaozong called three generals, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and Yue Fei, into the DPRK, and Ming Sheng took office to relieve the military power. At the same time, three publicity departments set up specifically for resisting gold were also cancelled. Soon, Yue Fei was framed and killed, and under the humiliating conditions of cutting land, paying tribute and being a vassal, he concluded the "Shaoxing Peace Conference" with the ruler.
Emperor Gaozong also suppressed the peasant uprisings of Zhongxiang and Yang Yao in Dongting Lake. After the Shaoxing peace talks, it completely refused to crack down on the anti-Japanese faction, and political affairs were completely dominated by the peace talks. As a result, a large number of hawkish officials were demoted and persecuted. Emperor Gaozong also banned calls for peace and discontent. Zhang Bolin, a former student, wrote a sentence on the wall: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten that the King of Yue killed your father?" As a result, he was stabbed dozens of boards and Ji Yang was exiled.
In September of the 31st year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 16 1), Yan Hongliang, Di Chin, tore up the peace talks and invaded south again. In Caishiji (now southwest of Maanshan City, Anhui Province), it was defeated by Commander-in-Chief Yu, which made the Southern Song Dynasty turn the corner again. However, the humiliation of Emperor Gaozong and the national policy of seeking peace met with strong opposition from the military and civilians. It is difficult to maintain his rule. After consulting with Prime Minister Chen, the emperor announced his abdication in June of the following year on the pretext that he was tired of government affairs and wanted to "indifferent to God and raise his ambition". Zen, located in Prince Zhao Shen, claimed to be the emperor's father and retired to Germany to seize the palace.
In the 14th year of Xichun (A.D. 1 187), Zhao Gou died in Deshoutang of Lin 'an Palace. After death, the name of this temple was Gaozong.
The first year of Jianyan (1127)-the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162)
Zhao Gou was born on May 21st, the first year of Daguan in Northern Song Dynasty (1 107), and was the ninth son of Hui Zong. Wexler, the mother, is a concubine with a low status and is not favored by the clan. Zhao Gou was stripped of the throne. However, after the change of Jingkang, Zhao Songzong's room was captured from behind by the nomads from behind, and Zhao escaped from the net, so the position of "Lord of ZTE" naturally belonged to him. In the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, 2 1 year-old, ascended the throne and rebuilt the regime of Zhao and Song Dynasties.
However, Emperor Gaozong, the "master of ZTE", is really a phantom. The humiliation of his father and brother's captivity can't arouse his hatred for the gold people, and his "fear of gold" is hopeless. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, regardless of the outcome of the war of resistance against gold, he always surrendered and made peace, bowing before the gold people. History has arranged a monarch who talks about the color change of "gold" to undertake the mission of resisting gold and aggression, which is difficult to achieve in any case. Being banished to the imperial court: the legend of "King Nima"
Most of the founding emperors have legends different from ordinary people, so people are convinced of their "the only thrill", and Zhao Gou is no exception. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the story of "King Nima Dukang" was circulated among the people, and the hero of the story was Zhao Gou. The story is simple, but there are two different versions
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou of Kang Wang went to Jin Ying as a hostage, and Jin Bing took him north. On the way, Zhao Gou escaped. When he fled to Cizhou, he stayed at Cui Fujun Temple for the night. The man of God told the nomads from the dream that he was coming, and Zhao Gou woke up. Seeing a horse outside the temple, he rode wildly. This horse actually carried Zhao Gou across the Yellow River and became a mud horse after crossing the river.
It is true that Zhao Gou went to Jin Ying as a hostage in history. In the first month of the first year of Jingkang, Jin Bing had captured Kaifeng at the gates, and Song Ting made peace with Jin, who demanded that the prince and the prime minister be held hostage before withdrawing troops. Qin Zong ordered Zhao Gou, King of Kang, to go to Jinying. What happened next was completely different from the legend. After Jin Ying was put under house arrest for more than 20 days, luck came to Zhao Gou. For some reason, Jin people suspected that Zhao Gou was not a prince and sent him back, instead of taking Zhao Gou north as in the story, so Zhao Gou didn't need to escape. Qinzong had to order King Zhao Shu to take the place of Zhao Gou as a hostage in Jinying. After Qin Zong promised to cede territory and pay compensation, the Jin people temporarily withdrew their troops, but they were not released. Instead, they were taken to the north and became scapegoats.
On the other hand, in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, the court moved its capital to Yangzhou, and the nomads from there marched south. The striker was about to capture Yangzhou at the gates, and Zhao Gou didn't get the battle report in advance. At this time, he heard the news and fled in a panic all night. Afraid of catching up with the pursuers, hiding in the riverside shrine. In the moonlight, he suddenly found the mud horse in the shrine moving, so he rode across the Yangtze River and fled to Hangzhou.
From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he fled from north to south. Before he ascended the throne, on the way to escape from Hebei, Zhao Gou and the minister made a fire to cook in the cold wilderness and ate together under the hut. Shortly after he ascended the throne, there was another mutiny. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan, the generals of the imperial camp escorted by the retinue, surrounded the palace because they were dissatisfied with the eunuch's misconduct, so they killed the eunuch and coerced the Emperor Gaozong to give way to the three-year-old Prince Zhao Fu. Empress Meng of Zhezong listened to politics and changed dynasties. The mutiny lasted for two months, then Han Shizhong rebelled and the emperor was restored. Only after half a year, the nomads from the Yangtze River broke through the defense line and went straight to Hangzhou where Song Ting was located. Emperor Gaozong had no retreat, so he had to go to sea to avoid the enemy and wandered around the coast of Wenzhou for four months. Before fierce wave, after pursuers, food and clothing supplies can't be supplied in time. You can imagine the embarrassment of the monarch and his ministers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Once, Emperor Gaozong was so hungry that he ordered to stop the boat and dock. He went to a temple to beg for food. The monks were not prepared, so they had to offer five kitchen cakes. Zhao Gou even ate three and a half dollars. Only when he is pampered can he truly feel the feeling of hunger and cold.
But all this does not seem to sharpen Zhao Gou's tough will, nor does it inspire his fighting spirit; On the contrary, the experience of being a hostage in Jin Ying made Zhao Gou witness the tenacity and ferocity of the nomads from the camp, and whenever he thought of it, he was still concerned. He abandoned the exile of his father and brother, abandoned the enemies of the nation and the soldiers and civilians who fought bloody battles in the Central Plains, and would rather endure the wind and frost on the road just to save his own life. On the way to escape, Emperor Gaozong never forgot to make peace with the Jin people. He sent messengers to Jin Ying again and again, calling himself "Kang Wang" in his credentials, saying that it was a big mistake for him to become emperor without the permission of the ruler. Now he is willing to give up the throne and submit to the ruler. The state of groveling is on the paper. The emperor's cry could not stop the nomads from going south, but the broad masses of soldiers and civilians rose up to resist in the Southern Song Dynasty, which repeatedly frustrated the nomads. In addition, the humid climate and dense rivers in the south of the Yangtze River are not conducive to the operation of the nomads from the Jin Dynasty. Hong Yan Wu Shu, commander-in-chief of the 8 Jin Army, decided to retreat. On the way to the north, the nomads from northern China were constantly attacked by soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was evacuated to Zhenjiang, Song led the Han Shizhong Navy to cut off the nomads from returning home and forced them into Huangtiandang, 70 miles northeast of Jiankang. The Song army surrounded more than 654.38 million nomadic people with an army of 8,000 people. The two sides were deadlocked for 48 days, and the Nomads broke through many times. Finally, they opened the gap with fire attack and were able to retreat. Wu Shu's army has just escaped from the siege of Han Shizhong and arrived in health. It was blocked by Yue Fei and his men and defeated again. Yue Fei recovered Jiankang. 8 jin j never dare to cross the river again.
In April of four years, Emperor Gaozong learned that Jinbing had withdrawn from the sea to the north, and then returned to Yuezhou from Wenzhou via Mingzhou. The geographical location of Yuezhou is remote, and water transportation is very inconvenient. A large number of officials and troops of the Southern Song Dynasty were concentrated here, and the supply of materials could not be guaranteed. In contrast, Emperor Gaozong was obsessed with Lin 'an (Hangzhou), where he lived when he fled. The traffic here is convenient, the rivers and lakes crisscross, and the Jin cavalry can't gallop, which greatly increases the sense of security of Gaozong; It is also located in the land of fish and rice, with rich products, which can basically meet the needs of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court; Moreover, since the Tang and Five Dynasties, after a long period of development and construction, Hangzhou has become a prosperous and beautiful "first state in the southeast", which is undoubtedly of great attraction to Gaozong, who has just suffered from displacement and is eager for a comfortable life. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), Emperor Gaozong moved to Hangzhou, and the court of the Southern Song Dynasty finally got a breather and gained a foothold in the southeast.
[Edit this paragraph] Discuss the evaluation of Song Gaozong.
As for the evaluation of Song Gaozong, all previous dynasties tended to be the master of fatuity, but the capital of song dynasty was hastily captured by the Jin people in the northern song dynasty, and the second emperor "made his inaugural trip to the north". When Emperor Gaozong crossed the river, there were only one thousand Qin Bing around him. However, through various methods, he quickly mobilized personnel to defend the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River, and laid the foundation for the Southern Song Dynasty. Compared with the Ming Dynasty, although the Ming Dynasty has been managing Du Nan (Nanjing), its management of the whole south has far exceeded that of the Northern Song Dynasty. Nanjing has six departments and seven counties, complete bureaucracy and four towns with strong military strength. However, after Shen Jia, Nan Ming failed to keep it. Although Shi Kefa was brave and embarrassed, he was almost groggy in the mediation deployment, and the four towns collapsed instantly.