The Four Talented Women of the Republic of China (1) Lv Bicheng
Lv Bicheng in her youth
The crows of birds frighten people, flying flowers splash with tears, and the mountains and rivers are filled with deep sorrow. Tired of traveling to the end of the world, I am still haggard and chanting. Several letters from Haiyan arrived, saying that Fengyan's homeland was unknown. Bear with him, green wine, gold, red calyx and hairpin...
This angry poem was written by a female poet living overseas at the beginning of the last century. She knew that the land of her motherland was in chaos and desolate life. The lower half of the tower is made of grief and anger, and is called the upper half of the "High Balcony". Recognized as one of the four most talented women in the Republic of China, she once dominated the world of poetry and performed a magical life drama of ups and downs during the turbulent period of the Republic of China. This is Lu Bicheng.
Perhaps today, few people know about Lu Bicheng. However, Lu Bicheng, a woman who suffered many changes and experienced various ups and downs, was the first of the four most talented women in the Republic of China. Her talent is an unsurpassable monument, and she can be said to be unsurpassed by any subsequent woman.
The Four Talented Women of the Republic of China (4) Shi Pingmei
Shi Pingmei (1902-1928), formerly known as Rubi, was a native of Chengguan, Pingding County, Shanxi Province. His father, Shi Ming, whose courtesy name was Dingcheng, was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. His family belonged to a scholarly family in Pingding City.
Shi Pingmei was smart and studious since she was a child, and was loved by her parents. From the age of three or four, her father taught her how to read, and he continued to teach her every night. Sometimes she didn't know it well, and she was not allowed to go to bed even though it was late at night. , until you are familiar with it. Later, she entered elementary school and attended classes with the children during the day. After school in the evening, her father still taught reading the "Four Books" and "The Book of Songs". Therefore, under the strict education of his father during his childhood, Pingmei laid a foundation for Chinese literature and laid the foundation for his future literary activities.
Shortly after the Revolution of 1911, Pingmei’s father Shi Ming went to work at the Shanxi Provincial Library in Taiyuan, the provincial capital. So Pingmei followed his father to Taiyuan and entered the Taiyuan Normal School Affiliated Primary School. After graduating from the Affiliated Primary School, he was directly promoted to Studying in Taiyuan Women's Normal School. Because Shi Pingmei was talented and received a good family education, she excelled academically in school and was known as a talented woman. Shi Pingmei's rebellious thoughts and organizational talents were revealed during the female teacher's studies. Once there was a turmoil among female teachers, and she was one of the organizers. After the uproar, the school wanted to expel her, but she was later reinstated because she cared about her talent.
In the summer of 1919, Shi Pingmei graduated from Taiyuan Women's Normal School and was admitted to Beijing Women's Higher Normal School. Taking this step is a test of Shi Pingmei's thoughts and will. Because in the society at that time, most people thought: "A girl can just graduate from middle school, why bother with further studies!" However, she continued to study and struggle. With her father's support, she left Shanxi and went to Beijing to study. After arriving in Beijing, she originally wanted to apply for the Chinese Liberal Arts Department of the Women's Normal University, but the Chinese Liberal Arts Department of the Women's Normal University did not admit students at that time, so she changed to the Physical Education Department.
Coming from the secluded Niangzi Pass to Beijing, the center of active ideological activity in the country, this was an important turning point in Shi Pingmei’s life. It was not long after the May 4th patriotic movement, when new culture and new trends of thought were in the ascendant. As far as the literary revolution is concerned, Lu Xun and others have published a series of new literary works, and vernacular Chinese has begun to replace classical Chinese. The old feudal morality and ethics have been strongly impacted, and democracy and science have become the new banners in the minds of young people with progressive ideas. Under the influence of the new trend of thought, Shi Pingmei studied diligently at the Women's Normal University and began to write poems and prose and submit articles to various newspapers and periodicals. On December 20, 1921, Shi Pingmei's poem "Night Walk" was officially published in the first volume of "New *** and", a magazine run by the "New *** and Society" of Shanxi University.
The Four Talented Women of the Republic of China (2) Xiao Hong
There is a sense of desolation in Xiao Hong’s cautious eyes
Everyone’s life is a clear and pure river . In front of me, a river called Hulan sparkled. Tears, sighs, and beautiful sadness are like the slow river, flowing out of the lonely and desolate soul - Xiao Hong.
Xiao Hong, a popular female writer in the 1930s, was also hailed as one of the four most talented women in the Republic of China. Some people say that Xiao Hong is "hungry". This is the most accurate evaluation in my opinion. Xiao Hong, whose real name is Zhang Naiying, was born in a squire's family in Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province in June 1911. Her stepmother tried her best to abuse her, and the depression and injury carved her into a depressed, melancholic and sentimental character. When Xiao Hong was in middle school, she met a young man from Harbin University of Political Science and Law. For the first time, she felt like she was being cared for, so she ran towards him desperately. She resisted the arranged marriage at home and followed him to the distant mountains and Peking. However, what greeted them was a young woman with a bun...
Her broken first love made her return to Harbin and she was forced to live in a hotel with Wang Enjia, the son of the warlord in the arranged marriage. After arrears with a large amount of food and accommodation expenses, he left and never returned. The landlord then took Xiao Hong, who was pregnant with Liujia, as a hostage and wanted to sell her to a brothel. In panic, she wrote to the International Association for help. Xiao Jun, who came to rescue her, became her destiny. His courage and tenderness moved her, and her literary talent conquered him. The two got married and began a life of poverty and hardship.
1935 was the happiest time in Xiao Hong’s life. However, the happiness of time always withers quickly after a short period of grandeur. Xiao Jun was a true "chivalry" of that era. He was tall and righteous. Before writing, he had planned an anti-Japanese team, so he had a strong sense of mission in his literary concepts.
How could such a passionate literary warrior be dependent on Xiao Hong, who was so desolate in her heart? His irritable personality was difficult to reconcile with her melancholy heart, and the rift became more and more obvious as time went by. In the end she left with scars and tears on her back. The man who once rescued her from "hell" once again made her taste the torment of despair.
Her fourth man, Duanmu Hongliang, had a weak character. After the two traveled to Sichuan and Hong Kong, they finally separated.
Throughout her life, Xiao Hong still had a deep love for Xiao Jun. There is this sentence on Xiao Hong's letter: "On the road of life, there was finally a period next to my footsteps, and also walking in his footsteps. Finally, there was a soul that tuned into each other like two strings." Even if it is a Tragic, but they really loved each other. They have their own things that they insist on, but they are unwilling to compromise. They are destined to face each other.
Lu Xiaoman, one of the four most talented women of the Republic of China
On the 7th day of the seventh lunar month in 1926, which is the day when the legendary Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met, they were in Beihai Park in Beijing An entertaining and sensational wedding was held, which affected almost all the big names in Chinese cultural circles at that time. This story is still widely circulated in various versions. The groom is the poet Xu Zhimo, a romantic and talented man, the bride is Lu Xiaoman, one of the four most talented women in the Republic of China, the witness is Liang Qichao, the host is Hu Shi, and the participants are of too many ethnic groups to prepare. In short, they are all famous figures in the modern history of China, and they are particularly worthy of the ceremony. One thing to mention is that the eldest brother of the groom’s ex-wife is the president of the Bank of China, and the second brother is the chairman of the Democratic Socialist Party; the bride’s ex-husband is a classmate of Eisenhower’s West Point Military Academy and the chief of staff of the five-provincial coalition commander. (The grand occasion of the wedding is definitely comparable to awards ceremonies such as the Oscars and Nobel Prizes. Unfortunately, the media industry was still in its infancy at that time. Otherwise, the wedding broadcast fee alone would be enough to pay for the bride’s subsequent tobacco expenses, and the groom would not be in trouble. He crashed into the mountain and died.)
But compared to the wedding witness’s speech, the above grand events were nothing more than a flash in the eye. "Xu Zhimo, you have an impetuous temperament, so you have no achievements in learning. You are not professional in your emotions, so you divorced and remarried... Both of you have been through this. You have been divorced and remarried, and you have not used your emotions well. "Exactly. I will repent from now on and be a new person! May this be the last time you get married!" This doesn't sound like a blessing, it's almost a curse. Of course, given Liang Rengong's personality, we all know that he is not willing to curse in public out of private anger. However, when faced with a student who gave up his studies and idled around, failed to pry his own son into the corner, and then tried to pry into the corner of his other proud disciple, he really couldn't say anything like "a happy marriage". Afterwards, Liang Qichao wrote to his daughter, feeling quite proud in his words, saying: "When Zhimo found such a person as a partner, he was afraid that pain would ensue in the future. So he did not hesitate to give him a slap in the face, hoping that he would realize something. I will kill Zhimo in the future. I taught him a lesson in the wedding hall, and the newlyweds and the guests were all in disgrace. This is probably an unheard-of wedding in China and abroad.” Conclusion.
Lu Xiaoman, also known as Lu Mei, also known as Xiaomei and Xiaolong, is a famous socialite in Beijing. Her father, Lu Ding, was originally the director of the Taxation Department of the Ministry of Finance. He later abandoned politics and entered business and became the director of Zhenhua Bank. The general manager can be regarded as a God of Wealth type figure. The Lu family had plenty of money and were reluctant to let their precious daughter go to school, so they invited all the teachers they needed to come to their home. Therefore, although Lu Xiaoman had never been to school, in addition to being quite accomplished in Chinese writing, she could speak and translate English and French fluently and naturally. In terms of art, in addition to being able to write beautiful calligraphy on silk, I can do everything from traditional Chinese painting to Beijing opera and dance. In addition, she has been articulate and looks like a little fairy since she was a child, so she has won the reputation of "a peerless beauty".
Lu Xiaoman’s first husband is Wang Geng, who studied at Princeton University and West Point Military Academy in the United States. When she married Lu Xiaoman, she was teaching at Peking University. Lu Xiaoman's father saw Wang Geng's future and married Lu Xiaoman to Wang Geng. Wang Geng was accustomed to the American lifestyle, working from Monday to Saturday and only resting on Sundays. Lu Xiaoman was a romantic by nature and wanted to go out for fun every three days, so their lives became a little awkward. Xiaoman often felt that Wang Geng didn't care enough about her. .
Xu Zhimo is from Jianjiangxiaishi, one year younger than Wang Geng and six years older than Lu Xiaoman. He studied at Peking University, Clark University in the United States, and Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. He was born extremely smart, and later became a student of Liang Qichao. He originally studied Ren Gong's "economics", but at eleven o'clock one night, Xu Zhimo went to visit Mansfield (don't ask me, I don't know why he went to someone else's house so late and went out of his way to Write down the time), Mansfield said to him: "Mist Xu, you'd better engage in literature in the future, it's best not to engage in politics." The suggestion of this "masterpiece of nature" greatly touched Xu Zhimo, and also The reason why Xu Zhimo started to write literature.
When he was studying at the University of London, he met 16-year-old Lin Huiyin, who was called "China's most talented woman" at the time, so Xu Zhimo pursued her, but he was married. Of course, he encountered resistance during his pursuit. Lin Huiyin said: "I am a girl and you are a married man. You must divorce first." After hearing this, Xu Zhimo felt promising, so he went to Berlin to find his wife Zhang Youyi in 1922 to divorce. Because he is romantic, he believes that Lin Huiyin is the embodiment of love, beauty, and freedom. Although Zhang Youyi is very good, she does not have a romantic temperament. So he "wanted to be the first divorced man in China."
Through many friends, Zhang Youyi worked, and finally Zhang Youyi agreed. After the divorce, he immediately returned to the UK, only to find that Lin Huiyin had gone to the United States to study architecture and was dating Liang Sicheng. At this moment, my wife is gone and my lover is gone. His feet were empty, and his heart was desolate. In "Spring", he wrote that he saw others falling in love in the grass, and he was jealous and felt lonely. So I returned home.
Xu Zhimo is Wang Geng’s good friend and often goes to their house to play. Mr. Xu doesn't care about any day, he just goes to their house whenever he has time. Whenever Wang Geng encounters too many things to do or is too lazy to go out, he will ask Xu Zhimo to accompany Lu Xiaoman to go out for sightseeing or get into the feasting and feasting places for entertainment. At that time, Xu Zhimo was in a lovelorn stage. Lin Huiyin, whom he desperately pursued, looked down on him and married Liang Sicheng. So he transferred his full tenderness to Lu Xiaoman. It happened that Wang Geng was hired to be appointed as the chief of police in Harbin, and Lu Xiaoman stayed alone in her boudoir and felt lonely. Lu and Xu are like 502 glue, the more they stick, the tighter they get. As we all know, if a husband does not care enough for his beautiful wife, a third party can easily get involved, so Xu Zhimo successfully acted as the third party.
From a traditional moral perspective, Xu Zhimo’s pursuit of Lu Xiaoman was considered unfaithful to his lover Lin Huiyin and unjust to his friend Wang Geng. However, Xu Zhimo has always acted casually and informally. Once he "encounters and admires each other and falls in each other's arms", he will no longer care about things outside his own body. Liang Qichao opposed this marriage and this relationship. Liang Qichao objected when Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi divorced in the UK. At this time, he also criticized his proud disciple, saying: "Don't base your happiness on the pain of others." (This sentence was actually said by Ren Gong. Yes, Waterfall Khan. ) Both the Lu family and the Xu family thought they were unfilial children and a scandal, and tried their best to stop them. Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman believe: "True love is not a sin, and you may not have to pay the price of your life to fight for it when necessary. It is the same reason as martyrs martyrdom and believers martyrdom." Xu Zhimo declared to the world: "I am willing to risk my life. No, I just want my conscience to be settled and my personality to be independent. I am lucky to find my soul mate in the vast sea of ??people, but I am not going to die, that’s all!” The city of Beijing was abuzz, and the scandalous news spread like wildfire. His romantic life experience surpassed and overwhelmed the title of his poems, so he had to avoid suspicion and go to Europe.
At this time, Wang Geng was invited by Sun Chuanfang to Nanjing and was promoted to the position of chief of general staff within the headquarters of the five-provincial coalition forces, a position of high authority. Hearing that his wife was behaving differently, he cut the knot with a sharp knife and wrote a quick letter to Lu Xiaoman, saying: "If I miss the love between husband and wife, I will immediately go south to reunite. If I belong to someone else, I will never stop her." But this didn't happen. effect. A woman who falls in love is hard to bring back. Under this situation, Lu Xiaoman sent three telegrams to Europe: "Xu Zhimo, come back quickly. If you don't come back, I can't bear it anymore." Xu Zhimo rushed back to Beijing after receiving the telegram, and Lu Xiaoman became "alive" again. . At this point, it is the turn of the poet's friends to worry about the poet, because since political power can come out of the barrel of a gun, it must be too easy to kill all the poets with the barrel of a gun. However, something admirable happened. Wang Geng did not give Xu Zhimo a bayonet or bullets. Instead, after completing the divorce procedures with Xiaoman, he gave Xu Zhimo a heart-stopping words in person. He said: "We are all intellectuals. Even though I divorced Xiaoman, I don't have any prejudice in my heart; but you must be consistent with her from now on. If you are half-hearted, let me know and I will definitely deal with you violently. ."
With the help of Hu Shi, Yu Dafu and other friends, Xu Zhimo actively prepared for the wedding. But Xu Zhimo's father did not agree with this marriage. He said that since he wanted to get married, he had to meet several conditions: first, come to Zhejiang after getting married. Live your life peacefully. He was not satisfied with this daughter-in-law. He likes Zhang Youyi and dislikes Lu Xiaoman, saying that Zhang Youyi makes money and Lu Xiaoman spends money. But this was easy to say. The second condition made Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman sweat like rain. Xu's father said that Liang Qichao must be the witness. But Liang Qichao was opposed from beginning to end, so how could he be the witness to the marriage? Therefore, it was difficult to do the work, so Xu Zhimo had to go to his good friend Hu Shi and ask Hu Shi to do the work. He talked hard and talked until Liang Qichao agreed to witness the marriage. (This Hu Shi can be regarded as a figure who stood up for his friends. Unfortunately, he suffered the disadvantage of not being able to understand Hunan Mandarin. He offended Mao Zedong and was criticized for so many years.) The witness has to speak at the wedding, but Xu Zhimo He didn't know what his teacher was going to say. On their wedding day, when they saw Liang Qichao coming up to speak, the couple was sweating profusely and their legs were shaking. Both Hu Shi and Liang Sicheng also advised Liang Qichao not to say too much and to make money by being friendly. However, out of anger, he still said the shocking words above.