I. Poems of Han and Wei Dynasties
1, the moon shines that night
The bright moon shines that night, promoting the singing of the East Wall.
Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid.
Thousands of years of exposure to weeds, the season suddenly changes.
In the woods of Qiu Chan, this mysterious bird died peacefully.
Yesterday, I was a friend of the same family, holding high and shaking six purlins.
If you don't want to join hands, you will abandon me like a relic.
There is a fight between the north and the south, and the morning glory does not bear the yoke.
What's the use of not having a solid name?
Step 2 Listen to Moon Poems
Listening to the moon is too clear, and listening to the moon by the building is the clearest.
Skyscrapers turn silently, and medicines jingle.
The music is wide and cold, and the axe is tinkling.
Occasionally, a fragrance blew away Chang 'e's laughter.
3. What is the bright moon?
Moon how bright, shine on my bed.
Too sad to sleep, wandering around in clothes.
Although the guests are happy, it is better to turn back early.
Who should you sue when you leave home alone?
Back to my room, tears stained my clothes.
Step 4 complain about songs
Newly cracked, fresh and clean as frost and snow.
Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon.
In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze.
I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come, and the coolness will take away the heat.
If you give up your donation, your kindness will be lost.
Second, Tang and Song Poetry
Looking at the bright moon on the fifteenth night (Wang Jian)
There are crows in Bai Shu and osmanthus in Coody Leng in the atrium.
Tonight, the moon is full of hope, and I don't know who Qiu Si will fall into.
Guan Shanyue (Li Bai)
A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds.
The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass.
At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai.
This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive.
The garrison soldier looked at the remote border town, and his hometown could not help but look sad.
The soldier's wife looked at the tower and lamented when she would see her relatives far away.
Drinking the bright moon alone (Li Bai)
Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone.
Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.
The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind.
I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.
The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering.
Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness.
I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.
Night thoughts (Li Bai)
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Moonlit Night (Liu)
The moonlight is deeper than half a house, and the big dipper is withered south.
Tonight, through the green screen window, I know that spring is warm and the sound of insects is fresh.
Chang 'e (Li Shangyin)
The mica screen was dyed red by thick candles, and the Milky Way gradually tilted towards the morning star.
Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.
The night of August 15th (Don Du Fu)
The full moon flies in the mirror and returns to the heart to fold the sword.
Turn the tent and travel far, climb the laurel and ascend to heaven.
The waterway is suspected of frost and snow, and the forest is covered with feathers.
At this time, I look forward to the white rabbit, and I want to count the autumnal equinox.
Recalling brothers on a moonlit night (Du Fu)
The drums of the defenders cut off people's communication, and a lonely goose was singing in autumn in the frontier.
The dew turns to frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death.
Letters sent to Luoyang city are often not delivered, and wars often do not stop.
Looking at the moon and thinking of a distant place (Zhang Jiuling)
The moon, at this time is at sea, over the end of the world.
Bring a separated heart, and be considerate for a long time at night!
Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes.
You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams.
Shuangyue (Li Shangyin)
When I first heard that there were no cicadas,
A hundred feet of water meets the sky.
Young woman Su E is hardy.
Frost war in the middle of the month.
There is a bosom under the autumn night and the moon (Meng Haoran)
Autumn moon hangs in the sky and Guanghua is wet.
The surprised magpie has not settled, and the flying fireflies are rolling in.
The courtyard is sparsely shaded, and the sound of the neighboring night is urgent.
What is the ceremony? Look at the sky and stand.
On the night of August 15, the moon was played in Taoyuan (Yuxi, Liu Tang)
Seeing the moon in the dust is also idle, and love is between the fairy houses in the clear autumn.
Long and cold, standing on the highest mountain at this time.
Blue is nothing but Feng Yun, and Songshan grows in the water.
A group of people are moving leisurely, and Gogoing is thousands of miles away.
Shao Jun led me to the jade altar and invited the real fairy officer to come from afar.
Clouds want to move under the starry sky, and the sky is cold with joy.
Jin Xin gradually moved eastward, and the shadow of the wheel still rose.
It is difficult to get back together when it is absolutely beautiful, and he should be disappointed on this day.
Mid-Autumn Moon (Yan Shu)
Ten rounds of frost shadows turn to court, and tonight is a lonely corner.
Su E is not without disappointment and hatred.
Mid-Autumn Moon (Su Shi)
The twilight clouds are cold, and the silver-haired people silently turn to the tracts.
If you don't meet a good night in this life, where will you see the bright moon next year?
Looking at the moon in the pavilion on the fifteenth night of August (Tang Bai Juyi)
On the evening of August 15 last year, next to the apricot garden by Qujiang Pool.
On the night of August 15 this year, in front of Songpu Shatou Water Hall.
Where is the hometown in the northwest and the full moon in the southeast.
Yesterday, the wind blew and no one would meet. Tonight, the light is as clear as usual.
Mid-Autumn Festival Waiting for the Moon (Lu Guimeng)
It is not enough to transfer to first frost, but it seems a good time to transfer to the later stage.
The curtain leans against the tree, and the feeling is infinite.
I like to listen to the sound of the sheng, and gradually watch the stars lose the south basket.
Who wants to reduce the first round and noon for the cooling power of the school?
Guizi of Tianzhu Temple on the night of August 15th (Tang Pi Rixiu)
Yu Xing got off the moon wheel and picked up the dew in front of the temple.
So far, the sky doesn't exist, but Chang 'e should be thrown to people.
Song Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Moon and Ziyou
The bright moon is not higher than the mountain, and the red light is thousands of feet.
A cup of silver is not full, and the clouds are scattered.
Those who wash God's eyes should welcome the water from Fermin River.
Then I will be indifferent to the people in the world, just like I am sorry for Zhan Ran.
Mars in the southwest is like a projectile. Its horns and tail are bright and pale.
Not tonight, but even fireflies are fighting for the cold.
Who was rowing yesterday? This is a thousand days and nights.
The twists and turns have no intention of chasing the waves, and they bow their heads to sacrifice with the song board.
Will the waves and wind regain their strength before the green fluorescence disappears and turns to the mountains?
The bright moon is easy to fall and disperse, and it is even more important to see it when you come back.
The clearer the moonlight in front of the hall, the better, and the grass dew in the cold throat.
Shutters push doors silently, while windows are silent and old.
Du Nan is engaged in shame and poverty, and there are several people who write moon poems.
In the Ming dynasty, the personnel were in the same position as the morning glow, and suddenly I dreamed of Yao and Taiwan.
Mid-Autumn Festival to climb the stairs and look at the moon (fee)
Like Huaihai's eyes, the long sea is as white as silver, and millions of rainbow-like lights are pregnant with pearl oysters.
If there is no labor in the sky, the osmanthus tree will grow long and break the moon.
second
Third, myths and legends related to the moon.
China's myth about the moon was first recorded in Shan Hai Jing, Chu Ci, Huai Nan Zi and other ancient books.
There are many legends and fairy tales about the moon. There are stories about the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Zhu Yuanzhang's anti-Yuan uprising.
Legend has it that there is a laurel tree 500 feet high on the moon. There was a man named WU GANG in the Han Dynasty who was obsessed with fairy tales and didn't concentrate on reading. He was banished to the moon to cut laurel, but laurel was cut with it, so later generations can see the image of WU GANG cutting laurel endlessly in the middle of the month.
4. China's ancient fantasy poems about the moon.
What are the advantages of luminous? Have another baby when you die. What's the use of feeling arrogant and caring for rabbits? (Qu Yuan's "Chu Ci Tian Wen")
What are the characteristics of the moon? It will die and grow again. What are the advantages of keeping a rabbit in your arms? )
In the middle of the moon, there should be clearer light. (Du Fu's "One Hundred and Fifty Nights on the Moon")
The old rabbit is cold and the toad is crying, and the half-open wall of the cloud tower is white. The jade wheel rolled with dew and wet the surrounding light and shadow. Mo Yan in Guihua Lane once met the fairy of Lu 'an-E. (Li He's Dream of Heaven)
Poor tonight, where to go, to relax? Don't ask, I'll see you there, East of Light and Shadow? Is the sky sweaty outside, but the wind is mighty to send the Mid-Autumn Festival? It is like a mirror that flies to the sky, but it won't fall off. Who tied it with an invisible long rope? Chang 'e in the Moon Palace is still unmarried. Who kept her? I heard that the moon swam across the bottom of the sea, but I can't see why. This is an unpredictable thing, but also a worrying and terrible thing. I'm afraid that the whale in the sea will hit the Jade Palace and Qionglou in the Moon Palace. From the bottom of the sea, water won't worry about water, but did rabbits ever learn to swim? If the Tao is intact, why is the cloud gradually like a hook? (Xin Qiji's "Magnolia Slow")
Fifth, enjoy the moon.
● The moon is bright, and August is particularly bright; Beautiful mountains and mountains, Wushan Xiu Xiu is very.
● Enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the full moon is missing; A wanderer is homesick, but his hometown is sweet.
● Full moon in the sky, half moon on the ground, and each moon has half moon; Tonight is the end of a year, tomorrow is a year, and year after year is the end of a year.
● Big Dipper, water reaches 14; There are geese in the south building and a pair of flies in the moon.
● Although the building is high, Ren Yunfei has passed; Small pool can send the bright moon.
Flowers and shadows are everywhere; A pavilion of mountains, mountains, colors and moons peeps at people.
● The water is cold and warm, where to find the source of the stream, the song is slanting, and the lake light can be used as a guide; Because of the full moon, Mo Wen next to the pavilion will take the first photo at the beginning of the year and propose a toast tonight. Does Chang 'e in the sky recognize me?
Sixth, the reputation and nickname of the moon.
Jade rabbit, luminous, Su E, ice wheel, jade wheel, jade toad, ghost woman, toad, ancient rabbit, Chanjuan, jade bow, jade laurel, jade plate, jade hook, jade mirror, ice mirror, Guanghan Palace, Chang 'e, jade sheep, etc.
third place
Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, Moon Chasing Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Daughter's Day or Reunion Festival, is a traditional cultural festival popular among many ethnic groups in China. It falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. It is named because its value is only half that of Sanqiu. It is said that the moon is closest to the earth this night, and the moon is the biggest and brightest, so there has been a custom of drinking and enjoying the moon since ancient times; The daughter-in-law who goes back to her parents' house will go back and forth to express her happiness and good luck. In some places, such as Ningbo, Taizhou and Zhoushan, the Mid-Autumn Festival is scheduled for August 16, which is related to changing it to "Lantern Festival on the 14th day of the first month and Mid-Autumn Festival on the 16th of August" in order to prevent attacks by officers and men of the Yuan Dynasty and Zhu. Besides, in Hongkong, after the Mid-Autumn Festival, we will hold another carnival in Izayoi, called "Chasing the Moon".
The origin of the Mid-Autumn festival
Mid-Autumn Festival is a relic of ancient celestial worship-the custom of respecting the moon. According to Zhou Li Chun Guan, in the Zhou Dynasty, there were activities such as "welcoming the cold in the mid-autumn night", "offering good clothes in the mid-autumn" and "Yue Bai at the end of the autumn equinox". In the Han Dynasty, on the Mid-Autumn Festival or in beginning of autumn, the elderly were respected and provided with male coarse cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival also existed in Jin Dynasty, but it was not very common. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the Mid-Autumn Festival was combined with fairy tales such as Chu 'e flying to the moon, Wu Gang cutting laurel, jade rabbit smashing medicine, Yang Guifei changing into a moon god, and Tang Dynasty visiting the moon palace, which was full of romance and the wind of playing the moon prevailed.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, August 15th was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival, and seasonal foods such as "small cakes are like chewing the moon, with crisp and stuffing inside" appeared. Meng Yuanlao's Dream of Tokyo said: "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, your home decorates the terrace, and people compete for restaurants to play the moon"; And "string full of enthusiasm, close to the residents. At night, it is like a cloud. Children in the room, even the wedding drama at night; As for the night market, as for familiarity. " Wu Meng said, "At this moment, golden phoenix is refreshing, the jade dew is cool, the sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, and the silver toad is full of light. The son of Taizi, a rich man with a huge room, climbs dangerous buildings all the time, plays the moon in the porch, or opens a wide pavilion, puts on a big banquet and sings loudly with harps to predict the joy of the evening. Even in a cushioned house, you can board a small platform, arrange family dinners, gather around your children and reward festivals. Although the poor in the backcountry knew how to drink at the farmers' market, he reluctantly welcomed the joy and refused to waste it. This night, the street was sold until five drums, tourists were played on the moon, and the mother-in-law was in the city until the fire was endless. " More interestingly, the newly edited Notes of the Drunken Man describes the custom: "Children of Qingcheng family can grow up to twelve or thirteen years old by themselves, regardless of wealth, they are decorated with the eyes of adults, and burn incense upstairs or in the atrium, each with his own direction; Men are willing to go to themoon early and climb the fairy laurel. ... women want to look like Chang 'e and be as round as the bright moon. "
Moon viewing was very popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Its fruitcake must be round"; Every family should set up a "moonlight position" and "Yue Bai" in the direction of the moon. Lu's "Year of Jinghua" contains: "On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, everyone has a symbol of the Moon Palace, which symbolizes freedom as a person; Chen melon and fruit are in court, and the moon palace is painted on the cake surface. Men and women worship incense and burn it. " Tian Rucheng's Travel Notes on the West Lake says: "At dusk, people feast to enjoy the moon, or swim along the river with the white lake. Above Su Causeway, singing hand in hand is no different from daytime "; People invite each other with moon cakes to show their reunion. Fu Cha Dunchong's "Yanjing Chronicle" said: "The Mid-Autumn Moon Cake is the first in Kyoto, but there is not enough food elsewhere. There are moon cakes everywhere. It is more than a foot big, and it is painted with the shape of the moon palace wax rabbit. " "Every Mid-Autumn Festival, Zhumen, the mansion, presents moon cakes and fruits. On the full moon in May, Chen Guaguo was in court for the month, offering sacrifices to edamame and cockscomb flowers. It's just the right time, the clouds are scattered and the children are noisy. This is really called a festival. When the moon is only available, men don't worship. " At the same time, in the past 500 years, festivals such as burning incense, walking on the moon, lighting lanterns, planting Mid-Autumn Festival, lighting tower lanterns, dancing dragons, dragging stones and selling male prostitutes have been launched one after another. Among them, the custom of enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes and having a reunion dinner has been passed down to this day.
Dietary customs of Mid-Autumn Festival
In ancient times, the Mid-Autumn Festival banquet custom of Han people was the most elegant in the court. For example, eating crabs was very popular in the court of the Ming Dynasty. After steaming the crabs with cattail, everyone sat around and tasted them, served with wine and vinegar. Drink Su Ye Tang after eating and wash your hands with it. The banquet table was filled with flowers, pomegranates and other fashionable things, and the Mid-Autumn Festival drama was staged. In the Qing Palace, a courtyard placed a screen to the east, with cockscomb flowers, soybean crafts, taro, peanuts, radishes and fresh lotus roots on both sides of the screen. There is a square table in front of the screen, with an extra-large moon cake on it, surrounded by cakes and fruits. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, mooncakes are cut into several pieces according to the royal population, and each person symbolically tastes them, which is called "eating reunion cakes". The size of moon cakes in Qing Palace is unimaginable. For example, the moon cake given by the last emperor Puyi to Ying Shao, Minister of the Interior, was "about two feet in diameter and weighed about twenty pounds".
More than 20 ethnic minorities in China also celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, but the festivals and customs are different. Zhuang people are used to using rice cakes and Yue Bai on bamboo rafts in the river. Girls put lanterns on the water to measure the happiness of their lives and sing the beautiful folk song "Please take care of the moon". Koreans set up a "moon viewing frame" with wooden poles and pine branches. First, invite the old man to explore the moon on the shelf, then light up the moon viewing shelf, play long drums, play caves and dance "peasant dance" together. On the "Tiger Day" before the festival, the Gelao people slaughtered a bull in the whole village, leaving the heart of the bull for the Mid-Autumn Festival night to worship their ancestors and welcome the new valley. They call it "August Festival". Dong people let young people have an outing and get together at this time, which is called "Ganping Festival". The first day is Lusheng Club, and the second day is Errenzhuan. Young people should put on makeup to show their love for their sweetheart. Dai people set fire to the air, then sat around drinking, tasting dog meat soup pot, dried pork, salted eggs and dried eel, and smiling at the moon. Li people call Mid-Autumn Festival "August Meeting" or "Sound Adjustment". At that time, each market town will hold a song and dance party, and each village will be led by a "U-turn" (that is, the leader). After arriving in Jiang Qi, people exchanged mooncakes, sweet cake, cookies, flower towels, colored fans and vests, and there was an endless stream. In the evening, they gather by the fire, roast game, drink rice wine and sing Daqu, so unmarried young people take the opportunity to find their future partners.
Mid-autumn festival and moon cake
Eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival. It was first seen in Su Dongpo's sentence, "A small cake is like chewing the moon, and there is crispy glutinous inside". In the Tang and Five Dynasties, there were only "playing with moon soup" and so on, and there were no moon cakes. Moon cakes, as the name of a kind of food, are associated with enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which first appeared in the Wulin story in the Southern Song Dynasty. Since the Ming Dynasty, there have been more accounts about enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Wan Bu Miscellaneous Notes said that every Mid-Autumn Festival, people make cakes and give them to each other in different sizes, which are called "moon cakes". Moon cakes sold in market stores are often filled with fruits with different names. Some moon cakes cost hundreds of dollars. It is also said in Xi Chao Le that August 15 is called Mid-Autumn Festival, and people give each other moon cakes as gifts to get the meaning of reunion. On this night, every household holds a feast to enjoy the moon, or takes a box with moon cakes and a hip flask to the lake to play all night. On the Su Causeway of the West Lake, people are singing and dancing in small groups. Same as during the day. From these records, we can see the grand occasion of enjoying the moon in autumn night in Hangzhou.
For a long time, China people have accumulated rich experience in making moon cakes, with more and more kinds of moon cakes and more exquisite craftsmanship. Salty, sweet, meaty and vegetarian all have peculiar smells; Smooth surface and lace have their own characteristics. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Peng wrote in "Youzhou Local Records": "Moon Palace cakes are silver toads and purple shadows, and a pair of rabbits are everywhere. Regret the year when Nene stole the medicine. I can't go back to the cold, and staying in Yan Dan is also very tired. " This shows that this ingenious chef reproduces the beautiful legend of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon on the moon cakes and becomes the image of food art patterns. Fu Cha Dunchong's "Yanjing Years" in Qing Dynasty: There is also a description of "moon cakes everywhere, the largest of which is more than a foot long, drawing the shape of a rabbit in the Moon Palace". It shows that ancient moon cakes have blossomed from content to form.
fourth
Mid-Autumn Festival is a great contribution of China people to world culture. This contribution not only lies in eating moon cakes, enjoying the moon and reuniting, but also constitutes a moon culturology with extremely rich cultural connotations.
Generally speaking, knowledge about the moon involves two parts: moonology and moonology. The focus of lunar science is to study the composition, structure, movement (including lunar earthquake), appearance and formation process of the moon. The focus of lunar science is to study the relationship between the moon and the earth, especially the role and influence of the moon on the life of the earth and human culture.
Specifically, moonology can be divided into lunar geomorphology, lunar biology and lunar culturology.
The so-called lunar geomorphology mainly studies the influence and function of the existence of the moon on the earth's topography (including meteorological climate), among which the most prominent function is the ocean tidal phenomenon on the earth, in addition to the crustal tidal phenomenon and atmospheric tides phenomenon.
The so-called lunar biology mainly studies the role and influence of the moon on life on earth, among which the prominent phenomenon is the life cycle (including physiological cycle) of many life on earth, which is obviously influenced by the gravity of the moon and its effects (including tidal phenomena). For example, marine life, especially offshore life, is very sensitive to tides and the menstrual cycle of human women (further proof is needed), and some birds navigate according to the moon.
The so-called lunar culturology mainly studies the relationship between human culture and the moon. This is a very interesting question, which involves many aspects of human cultural life.
1. The existence of the moon should be regarded as the special attachment of nature to human beings. This is because a planet as big as the earth has a satellite as big as the moon, which is unique in the solar system and may be very rare in the Milky Way. Coincidentally, from the perspective of the earth, the perspective of the moon is almost the same as that of the sun, that is, the moon is as big as the sun, and the moon, the sun and the earth are basically on the same plane of motion, so there will be periodic changes in solar eclipse, lunar eclipse and the moon's profit and loss. In view of this, we have reason to believe that the existence of the moon is an important factor to promote the development of human thinking; It can even be said that half of the enlightenment of human wisdom comes from the moon. Mid-autumn festival, this should be one of the important contents of wanting the moon.
2. The moon's periodic movement around the earth and the periodic changes of the moon's surface light and shade directly promote the formation and application of the human calendar and the corresponding astrological culture (see Mysterious Astrological Culture and Games, PLA Literature and Art Publishing House). A calendar based on the movement and periodic changes of the moon is called the lunar calendar (the moon represents Yin in China's Yin-Yang culture), a calendar based on the periodic movement of the sun is called the solar calendar (the sun represents Yang in China's Yin-Yang culture), and a calendar combining the lunar calendar and the solar calendar is called the Yin-Yang calendar. The lunar calendar in China is called the lunar calendar (for example, the leap month belongs to the lunar calendar and the 24 solar terms belong to the solar calendar).
China people make or use the lunar calendar. At least in the Shang Dynasty, there were written records in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which described the periodic changes of the moon in detail. At the same time, the geographical documents of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Shan Hai Jing and Si Ye Jing, also clearly recorded: "There was a woman who bathed the moon, and the wife of the emperor often gave birth to a second child in ten months, which was the beginning of bathing." Dijun is the ancestor of the Yin and Shang nationalities. The so-called "Moon Bathing in Changxi" actually means that Changxi invented or made a calendar of twelve months a year, and "Moon Bathing" is a demonstration of this calendar (belonging to astronomical witchcraft). See Reading Classic Mountains and Seas (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House) for details.
3. Myths and legends about the moon, the most famous of which is the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. For the scientific information interpretation of this story (including related ancient myths and legends), please refer to the author's Chang 'e: the victim of disaster witchcraft, the immortal mark left by the collision between heaven and earth experienced by our ancient ancestors. In addition, there are stories about the Moon Palace, laurel, moon essence, laurel, moon rabbit and toad, WU GANG and so on.
4. Folk festivals about the moon and their folk activities, such as Mid-Autumn Festival, eating moon cakes, family reunion, and the custom that the marriage between people is led by the elderly under the moon. In addition, it also includes cultural content named after the word "moon". In ancient times, the farming and harvesting activities of some ethnic groups were often carried out at night with the moon; In contrast, many military activities are often carried out on moonless nights.
Literary works about the moon can be said to be overwhelming. Among them, the description of the moon in ancient poetry is more prominent in the association and emotional catharsis of seeing and thinking about the moon.
6. With regard to the moon's scenic spots, there are the Tiantan, Ditan, Ritan, Yuetan and Xiannongtan in Beijing, the Moonlight Jiangsheng Hall in the summer resort (the title written according to Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu" before and after Kangxi), the Moon Rock in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, the Crescent Mountain in Guilin, Guangxi, and the Crescent Spring in Dunhuang, Gansu Province.
Fifth place
The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China and the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. August 15th is in the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. The ancient calendar in China called August in the middle of autumn "Mid-Autumn Festival", so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Mid-Autumn Festival".
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the moonlight is bright. The ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, so August 15 was also called "Reunion Festival". Throughout the ages, people often use "full moon" and "lack of moon" to describe "joys and sorrows", and vagrants living in other places also rely on the moon to express their affection. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's poem "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking back, I suddenly remembered home" and so on, "He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright!" Written by Du Fu, there is also "Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?" In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote all the eternal songs.
Mid-Autumn Festival is an ancient festival, and it is an important custom to offer sacrifices and enjoy the moon. Ancient emperors had a social system of offering sacrifices to the moon in spring, and folks also had the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Later, it was more important to enjoy the moon than to sacrifice it, and serious sacrifice turned into light entertainment. The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Many poets wrote poems about the moon in their masterpieces. In Yue Bai, the activities of enjoying the moon in the court and among the people were more extensive in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. So far, there are many historical sites in China, such as Yue Bai Altar, Moon Pavilion and Moon Tower. The "Moon Altar" in Beijing was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was used for royal sacrifice to the moon. Whenever the moon rises in the Mid-Autumn Festival, a box is set up in the open air, with moon cakes, pomegranates, dates and other fruits on the console table. After Yue Bai, the family sat around the dining table, chatting while eating and enjoying the bright moon. Now, the activities of offering sacrifices to the moon in Yue Bai have been replaced by large-scale and colorful activities of enjoying the moon by the masses.
Eating moon cakes is another custom of festivals, symbolizing reunion. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been more and more researches on making moon cakes. Su Dongpo wrote in a poem: "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, and there is pulp in the cake", and Yang Guang copied in Qing Dynasty: "Moon cakes are filled with peach meat and ice cream is sugar paste". It seems that the moon cakes at that time were quite close to now.
According to historical records, the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in the book Zhou Li. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, there was a record of "telling Shangshu Town about the cow's confusion, crossing the river in mid-autumn, and traveling incognito around". It was not until the early years of the Tang Dynasty that the Mid-Autumn Festival became a fixed festival. The Book of Emperor Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15. The prevalence of Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Song Dynasty, and it became one of the major festivals in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is also the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival.
August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and people send moon cakes to each other to show their reunion. "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" also said: "On August 15th, the moon was sacrificed, the cakes were round, the melons were wrongly divided, and the petals were carved with lotus flowers. ..... Those who get married and stay at home will return to their in-laws in the future. This is the so-called reunion festival. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, there is a custom of "reunion" in most parts of our country, that is, flipping a small cake symbolizing reunion, which is similar to a moon cake. The cake contains sugar, sesame, sweet-scented osmanthus and vegetables, and the moon, sweet-scented osmanthus tree and rabbit are pressed outside. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the elders at home will divide the cake into pieces according to the number of people, and each person will have one. If someone is not at home, leave one for them to show family reunion.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are fewer clouds and more fog, and the moonlight is bright and bright. In addition to a series of activities such as enjoying the moon, offering sacrifices to the moon, eating moon cakes and wishing for reunion, there are activities such as dancing grass dragons and building stupas in some places. In addition to moon cakes, all kinds of seasonal fresh fruits and dried fruits are also delicious in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Another explanation for the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival is that the 15th day of the eighth lunar month happens to be the time when rice is ripe, and all families worship the land god. Mid-Autumn Festival may be the legacy of Qiubao.