Rhythmic poetry
A type of modern Chinese poetry. The meter is strict. It originated from Shen Yue's new-style poems in the Southern Dynasties that emphasized rhythm and parallelism during the Qi Yongming period. It was formally finalized during the Shen Quan period and the Song Zhiwen period in the early Tang Dynasty, and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Rhymed poetry requires the number of words in the verses to be uniform, with each poem consisting of five, six, or seven-character sentences, referred to as five-character, six-character, or seven-character verses, among which six-character verses are less common. The usual rules for verses are 8 lines each. If there are only 6 sentences, it is called a small rhyme or three-rhyme poem; if there are more than 8 sentences, that is, more than 10 sentences, it is called a long rhyme or long rhyme poem. Usually, a rhythmic poem is completed with 8 lines, and every 2 lines form a couplet, totaling four couplets. It is customary to call the first couplet the breaking title, the second couplet the jaw couplet, the third couplet the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet the conclusion. The upper and lower sentences of the second and third couplets (i.e. chin couplets and neck couplets) of each poem must be dual sentences. Except for the first and last couplets, the middle couplets must match the upper and lower sentences. The minor law has wider duality requirements. Rhymed poetry requires that the entire first rhyme rhyme, and only flat rhymes are allowed; the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines rhyme, the first line may or may not rhyme, and the words in each line of the rhythmic poetry alternate with straight and oblique tones. In the upper and lower sentences, there are two types of ping and qi relative to each other, namely "组qi" and "pingqi". In addition, the metrical requirements of verse also apply to quatrains.
There were variations in the rhythmic poetry of the Tang Dynasty during and after the finalization process. Some rhythmic poetry was not written entirely according to the format, such as Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", that is, the first half of the poem is in ancient style, and the second half is in ancient style. Only half the song is in tune. This change in rhythmic poetry is called Ao style.
The original meaning of "ancient poetry" is poetry written by ancient people. Around the end of the Wei Dynasty and the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, a batch of five-character poems written by literati before the Wei and Jin Dynasties circulated. They have no titles and no authors. Most of them are lyrical poems with unique expression techniques and artistic styles, and are collectively called "ancient poems". Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty said: "Nineteen ancient poems are not necessarily written by one person, but were written at one time. They chased ministers and abandoned their wives, had many friends, wandered in a foreign land, and felt a new connection between life and death. Some are allegories, some are explicit, some are repeated. . At first, there were no strange ideas or breathtaking sentences, but the ancient poems of Xijing were all inferior to them." ("Shuo Shi □ Yu") In the Jin and Song Dynasties, these "ancient poems" were regarded as a model of five-character poetry. Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty imitated 12 of them line by line. Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Bao Zhao of the Song Dynasty, etc. all had "Ancient Poetry" to study the techniques and styles of "ancient poetry". By the Liang Dynasty, Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" and Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" theoretically summarized and commented on the artistic characteristics and value of "ancient poetry", explored their authors, eras and origins, and generally determined that they were from the Han Dynasty work. At the same time, Xiao Tong's "Selected Works" and Xu Ling's "New Odes of Yutai" of the Chen Dynasty determined the scope of "ancient poetry" from the classification of poetry: any work without a clear title is called "miscellaneous poetry" if it has an author, and "miscellaneous poetry" if it is unknown. "Ancient Poetry". Therefore, after Liang and Chen, "ancient poetry" has formed a special category name with a specific meaning. It is also known as the Yuefu Song Ci of the Han Dynasty. It specifically refers to the five-character poems written by unknown people in the Han Dynasty, and has developed into a poetic style that generally refers to the artistic characteristics of "ancient poetry". "Nineteen Ancient Poems" occupies the status of a representative work of "ancient poetry" in the history of literature, and this title has become a special title.
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in my country. Tang poetry is one of my country's outstanding literary heritages and a brilliant pearl in the world's literary treasure house. Although it is more than a thousand years ago, many psalms are still widely circulated by us.
There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi are certainly world-famous great poets. Besides them, there are countless other poets, like the stars in the sky. More than 2,300 of these poets are famous today. There are more than 48,900 of their works preserved in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". The subject matter of Tang poetry is very wide. Some reflect the class situation and class contradictions of the society at that time from the side, exposing the darkness of feudal society; some praise the just war and express patriotic thoughts; some describe the beauty and beauty of the motherland's rivers and mountains; in addition, some express personal ambitions and experiences There are some that express the love of children, some that talk about friendships, the joys and sorrows of life, etc. In short, natural phenomena, political dynamics, working life, social customs, and personal feelings cannot escape the poet's keen eyes and become the subject matter of their writing. In terms of creative methods, there are both realist and romantic schools, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming the excellent tradition of Chinese classical poetry.
The forms of Tang poetry are diverse. There are basically two types of ancient poetry in the Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems. There are also two types of modern poetry, one is called quatrains and the other is called rhymed poetry. Quatrains and rhymed poems are different in five words and seven words. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character ancient poetry, seven-character ancient poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhymed poems, and seven-character rhymed poems. Archaic poetry has relatively broad requirements for rhyme and rhythm: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhymes can be switched. Modern poetry has stricter requirements on rhyme and rhythm: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four quatrains and eight lines in rhymed poetry. The rhythm and oblique tones of the words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme and rhyme cannot be changed; rhymed poetry also requires middle lines. The four sentences become a counterpoint. The style of ancient poetry was handed down from previous generations, so it is also called ancient style. Modern poetry has a strict rhythm, so some people also call it metrical poetry.
The form and style of Tang poetry are rich, colorful and innovative.
It not only inherits the tradition of folk songs and Yuefu of the Han and Wei dynasties, but also greatly develops the style of the song; it not only inherits the five- and seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also develops into a lengthy narrative romance; it not only expands the five-character and seven-character poems The use of verbal forms also created modern poetry with a particularly beautiful and neat style. Modern poetry was a new style poetry at that time. Its creation and maturity were a major event in the history of poetry development in the Tang Dynasty. It has pushed the artistic features of syllable harmony and word refinement of our country's ancient poetry to unprecedented heights, and found the most typical form for ancient lyric poetry. It is still particularly popular among the people today. However, the rhythmic poetry in modern poetry has strict metrical restrictions, which easily restricts the content of the poem and prevents free creation and development. This is a big flaw brought by its strengths.