Content:
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty is close to the Han Dynasty, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Hu Ma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain.
Author:
Wang Changling, courtesy name Shaobo, was born in Jingzhao. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan, he became a Jinshi and supplemented his position as Secretary Lang. In the 22nd year, Zhonghong Ci Ke was transferred to Si Shuiwei and moved to Jiangningcheng. If you don't protect your careful conduct in the late festival, you will be demoted to the rank of Long Biao. Changling's poems are dense and clear in thought, and he is as famous as Gao Shi and Wang Zhihuan. He was called Wang Jiangning at that time. There are six volumes collected, and four volumes of poems are compiled now.
Notes:
But: as long as. Dragon City: Dragon City is the place where the Huns gathered to worship heaven. Flying General: Refers to the famous Han Dynasty general Li Guangyue. The Huns were afraid of his bravery and called him "Flying General". Yinshan Mountain: The northern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, starting from the northwest of Hetao and traversing Suiyuan, Chahar and the northern part of Rehe, is the barrier of northern my country.
Appreciation:
This is a frontier fortress poem lamenting the constant wars on the frontier and the lack of good generals in the country. The first line of the poem is the most intriguing. Li Panlong, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, once praised it as one of the seven masterpieces of the Tang Dynasty. Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty said in "Shuo Shi Yu": "In the chapter 'The Bright Moon of the Qin Dynasty', the predecessors praised it but did not say how wonderful it was. It is said that the master worked hard and failed, because the general was not his own; he was unable to fly. When the general prepares the border, the beacon at the border will be extinguished, which is what Gao Changshi's "Yange Xing" said today. "The border defense and city building began in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The bright moon belongs to the Qin Dynasty, and the pass belongs to the Han Dynasty." He said in the poem. This passage criticizes Li Panlong for only commending this poem without explaining its beauty. However, he himself only explained the main purpose of the poem and did not point out the author's ingenuity.
The main idea of ??the whole poem summarized by Shen is basically correct, but the idea of ??this main idea is very ordinary. Why can such an ordinary thought be turned into a masterpiece? It turns out that there is one of the most beautiful and thought-provoking lines in this poem, which is the first line at the beginning: "The moon shines brightly in Qin and the moon passes in Han." What's the beauty of this poem? Let’s start with the title of the poem. This poem is titled "Crossing the Fortress", and you can tell at a glance that it is a Yuefu poem. Yuefu poems are to be set into music and widely sung. To meet the needs of being set to music and sung, the poems often contain some common and idiomatic words. Wang Changling's poem is no exception. Look at the two words "Mingyue" and "Guan" in the first sentence. They are very common words in Yuefu poems about frontier fortresses. Isn't there "Guan Shan Yue" in "Du Zhi Heng Chui Qu Ci"? "Yuefu Jietie" says: "The moon over the mountain is the pain of separation." Whether a man is homesick for home or his wife is far away, the two words "guan" and "moon" are often inseparable. "In March and May in Guanshan, guests recall Qinchuan" (Xu Ling's "Guanshan Moon"), "Guanshan is full of moonlight at night, and the autumn colors shine on the lonely city" (Wang Bao's "Guanshan Moon"), "Guanshan is insurmountable for thousands of miles, who can "Sitting facing the beautiful moon" (Lu Sidao's "On the Military March"), "The bright moon in Longtou approaches the pass, and travelers on Longtou play the flute at night" (Wang Wei's "Longtou Yin"), there are countless examples. After seeing this clearly, you will understand the novelty and wonder of this poem, which is that the two temporal qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" are added before the words "Mingyue" and "Guan". In this way, writing from thousands of years ago and thousands of miles away naturally formed a unique and majestic artistic conception. To borrow the words commonly used in poetry criticism in previous generations, it is "motivated and lofty", which makes readers compare the borderland under the bright moon in front of them with the Qin Dynasty. The construction of the Pass to prepare for the Hu Dynasty is naturally connected with the long history of a series of wars between the Han Dynasty and the Hu people inside and outside the Pass. In this way, "the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned" is not just a tragedy for contemporary people, but a common tragedy for generations of people since the Qin and Han Dynasties; I hope that there will be "dragons on the border who will not teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountains" "City Flying General" is not just the people of the Han Dynasty, but the common wish of people from generation to generation. Ordinary tragedies and ordinary hopes all show extraordinary meanings with the appearance of the two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" in the first sentence. This poem has a high tone and powerful momentum, which is enough to dominate the entire poem. The beauty of poetry and the beauty of poetic language are often reflected in seemingly ordinary words, or in other words, in the use of seemingly ordinary words in the most precise and critical places. These places often best reflect the poet's superb artistic attainments.