I in Guangdong press: The title of Jiuge is a thousand-year problem in the study of Chu Ci. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, many outstanding scholars have made very useful explorations on it, which are enlightening and indicate many feasible ways for studying problems. Scholars who have made outstanding contributions to the study of this issue include Chao Buzhi, Zhu Xi, Zhou Yong, Hu Wenying, Jiang Ji, Wang Bangcai, Wu Shishang, Gu Chengtian, Liu Mengpeng, Aoki Zhenger, Chen Zizhan, Mei Qionglin, Huang Wenhuan, Lin Yunming, Zhu Ji, He Yisun, Lin Geng, Xu Zhixiao, Wang Yuan and Pan Xiaolong. Huang Lusheng, Li Xiusheng, Wu Longhui, Guo Guanghong, Zhu Dongrun, Li Qingshi, Wen Yiduo, Zheng Zhenduo, Jiang Liangfu, Sun Zuoyun, Xiao Bing, Chen Shixiang, Wang Fuzhi, Qu Fu, Liang Qichao, Zhi Weicheng, Lu Kanru, Feng Yuanjun, You Guoen, Dong Chuping, Yuan Mei, Yao Kuan, Yang Shen, Wu Jingxu, Ji Yun. Jin Kaicheng, Dong Hongli, Gao Luming, Lei Qingyi, Wang Siyuan, Zhang Peiheng, Luo Yuming, Tang Bingzheng, Tang Zhangping, Wen Jianxian, Sasuo Ishikawa, Wei Jiong-ruo, Ma Maoyuan, Li Daming, Li Cheng, Xiong Liangzhi, Nie Shiqiao, etc. Among these scholars at home and abroad, there are many excellent people like Zhu Xi, Yang Shen, Wang Fuzhi, Ji Yun and Liang Qichao, and there are also many people like Hong Xingzu, Wang Yuan, Jiang Ji, Liu Yongji, Wen Yiduo, Jiang Liangfu, Tang Bingzheng, Chu Binjie, Xu Zhixiao, Fang Ming, Nie Shiqiao, Pan Xiaolong, Luo Yuming, Xiao Bing. On the basis of a large number of research results of many senior scholars, I have a little glimpse, and this article is not humble, so it is in a generous family. However, I always believe that the problem of the title of Nine Songs is essentially a textual research problem, which should be solved by positivism. As long as we collect more extensive documents along the ideas provided by my essay, my opinion will be more fully proved. On December 19th, 217, I, a Cantonese, loved my house in Guzhen Prefecture.
Abstract: Based on the analysis of Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences on Songs of the South, Notes on Selected Works of Five Ministers, Pi Rixiu's Nine Ironies, and Hong Xingzu's Supplementary Notes on Songs of the South, this paper proves that the original style of Qu Yuan's Nine Songs is nine works with a random word, which are the Eastern Emperor Taiyi, the Prince in the Cloud, and the Song of the South.
Keywords: Nine Songs, Mourning for the Nation, Ritual Soul, Chapters and Sentences of Songs of the South, Notes of Five Ministers,
an investigation of the table of contents of the jig
abstract: the article analyses on the chuci zhangju by Wang Yi, the Wuchenzhu of the Wenxuan,the Jiufeng by Pi Rixiu and the Chuci buzhu by Hong Xingzu， verifies that the style of the Jiuge by Qu Yuan is nine works with an epilogue，the original works of the Jiuge are Donghuangtaiyi,Yunzhongjun, Xiangjun,Xiangfuren,Dasiming,Shaosiming,Dongjun,Hebo,Shangui,except Guoshang. The Lihun, a new edition , originally written without any title, Is the epic in the jiuge. the very word of lihun ritual soul was put at the beginning of the epic.
keywords: jiuge, Guo Shang, lihun, Chuci zhangju, Wuchenzhu,Jiufeng
Preface
Qu Yuan's Nine Songs is titled "Nine Songs", but it includes Emperor Taiyi, Jun in the Cloud, Xiang Jun, Mrs. Xiang, Priestess of Death, Shaosi Ming, Dongjun, Hebo, Scholars in ancient and modern times have given various explanations to the problem that the title of Nine Songs does not match the reality. However, there are different opinions, and there is no conclusion yet. This paper attempts to contribute a little bit to the solution of this problem.
Chao Buzhi in the Northern Song Dynasty first raised the problem that the title of Nine Songs was inconsistent with the fact. In the new preface to Li Sao, he said:
There are 25 pieces of Qu Yuan Fu in the Book of Han Dynasty, including Li Sao, Yuanyou, Tianwen, Buju, Fisherman, DaZhao and six, nine chapters and nine songs. And "National Mourning" and "Ritual Soul" are eleven besides "Nine Songs", but they overflow into twenty-six. I don't know why "National Mourning" and "Ritual Soul" are after "Nine Songs". You can't combine eleven into nine.
Chao Buzhi was puzzled by the text of Nine Songs he saw, and put forward the problem of the contents of Nine Songs. However, strictly speaking, he could not be regarded as a clear explanation of his questions.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi said in Dialectics of Songs of the South:
The title of the article is "Nine Songs", and there is a chapter in the real ten, which is hard to cover, especially for those who used to count nine as yang. ..... Today's gu que, as soon as the knower, but the righteousness of the urgent also.
Zhu Xi has doubts about this issue, and his attitude is very strict. He criticized Yang Jiu's theory again, but he didn't explain the reason. However, it is not scientific to think that "the sense of injustice is urgent", because if this problem is not clarified, it will definitely affect the most accurate understanding of the poetic meaning of Nine Songs.
since the song dynasty, through the Ming and Qing dynasties, to the recent, modern and contemporary times, many scholars have made various explanations on the contents of Jiuge. These numerous explanations can be roughly divided into four schools of thought: first, they think that "nine" is a real number; Second, think that "nine" is an approximate number; Third, think that "nine" is not a number, but explain its meaning; Fourth, think that "Nine Songs" is a proper name. It is believed that "nine" is a school of real numbers, which can be roughly divided into the theory of combining articles, the theory of going to articles, the theory of combining articles and going to articles, and the theory of welcoming divine comedy; The school that thinks "nine" is a divisor can be roughly divided into ten theories and eleven theories; Those who think that "nine" is not a number, but explain its meaning, can be roughly divided into nine days, nine times for correction, nine times for ghosts, nine times for the end, Long Ge's theory and Lu Ge's theory. It is believed that "Jiuge" is a school of proper names, which can be roughly divided into the theory of old titles, the theory of ancient song and dance names, the theory of ancient music names, the theory of expressing the relationship between Yin and Yang, and the theory of editing quasi-names. But none of them can provide reasonable evidence, and they are all hypotheses. This paper does not intend to discriminate them one by one. And directly to the "Nine Songs" title problem for textual research.
Yang Jiu Theory of Han and Tang Dynasties
There seems to be an interesting phenomenon in the study of the contents of Jiuge, that is, the contents of Jiuge, which puzzled people after the Song Dynasty, did not exist for Han and Tang Dynasties. The number of articles in Nine Songs affects the judgment of the total number of Qu Yuan's works. There are only twenty-five works by Qu Yuan in Han and Tang Dynasties. Besides, there is no different opinion about the total number of Qu Yuan's works, which is at least caused by the confusion of the contents of Nine Songs, like scholars after the Song Dynasty. Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote "Records of Hanshu Art and Literature": "Twenty-five pieces of Qu Yuan's Fu." In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu said frankly, "Qu Yuan was twenty-five years old." They all made it clear that Qu Yuan's works were twenty-five, and they were not as confused about the number of Qu Yuan's works as Chao Buzhi was in the Northern Song Dynasty. People in Han and Tang dynasties did not raise the issue of the contents of Nine Songs. So, how did the Han and Tang people explain the meaning of "nine" in "Nine Songs"? Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was the first to annotate the whole book "Songs of the South", did not say anything in the preface to nine songs in the chapters and sentences of "Songs of the South", but said in the preface to nine arguments:
The number of nine is the number of yang, and the discipline of Tao is also. Therefore, there is a nine planets in the sky, which is a positive balance; There is Kyushu in the land, which makes all nations; People have nine tricks to be smart. Qu Yuan is loyal, but he was slandered by evil spirits, hurting the king, and the country will be in danger. It is to help the number of heaven and earth, and to make a list of people's needs, and to praise the "Nine Songs" and "Nine Chapters" to satirize the king. If you know what you have said, you can walk with the heavens and the earth.
So, the so-called "Yang Jiu" theory that this later generation refers to is definitely that "Jiu" is a number at first, but does it refer to a real number or a divisor? The "Nine" in nine planets, Kyushu and Jiuqiao are mostly real numbers in the classics since the Warring States Period, so it can be assumed that Wang Yi said that "the number of aiding heaven and earth is the most important thing for human beings", while the "Nine" in Ode to Nine Songs and Nine Chapters are all real numbers, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters. Moreover, Wang Yi wrote Jiu Si himself, while Jiu Si is nine works with a random phrase, which cannot be regarded as an independent one. Therefore, Jiu Si is nine, and the "nine" in the title of Jiu Si is the real number "nine". Therefore, it can be assumed once again that the "nine" explained by Wang Yi with the "number of yang" should refer to the real number "nine", and the "Nine Songs" that Wang Yi saw is nine.
Prince Liang Zhaoming of the Southern Dynasties also selected some chapters in The Songs of the South, including six songs of the Chu Dynasty (Volume 32 of Selected Works of Six Ministers is marked as "Four Songs of Nine", Volume 33 as "Two Songs of Nine"), one chapter of Nine Chapters and "Three Songs of Nine". The five ministers' notes in "Nine Songs" say:
Nine are extremely positive. Call yourself no pole, take it as the title of the song.
This is also the so-called "Yang Jiu Theory" referred to by later generations. Five ministers also think that "nine" is a number. What is different from Wang Yi is the addition of the word "extreme". Some later generations refer to it as "the theory of extreme number" and think that "extreme number" is "divisor" However, it is still unclear whether the so-called "pole of yang number" by Wu Chen refers to "real number" or "divisor". The notes of five ministers in Nine Chapters say:
Nine meanings are the same as Nine Songs.
There are nine chapters in Nine Chapters and eleven in Nine Songs, so how can we say that "Nine meanings are the same as Nine Songs"? The five ministers' notes in Nine Arguments say:
Nine meanings are also the same as Nine Songs.
When Selected Works was selected into some chapters of Nine Arguments, it was marked as "Five Poems of Nine Arguments". In this way, people before the Tang Dynasty thought that "Nine" in Nine Arguments was a number, and it was very likely that it was a real number "Nine", and Nine Arguments or its "text" was nine.
so, what does the so-called "number of yang" and "extreme number of yang" mean to explain the number "nine"? In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen explained the "Nine" theory in Shuo Wen Jie Zi:
Yang changes also. Like the shape of its buckling.
Obviously, Xu Shen said "the change of Yang" when explaining "Nine", which is as mysterious as that of Wang Yi and Wu Chen. Xu Shen explained the "four" theory in Shuo Wen Jie Zi:
Yin number is also.
Explain the "five" theory:
Five elements also. From the second, Yin and Yang meet in the afternoon between heaven and earth.
Explain the theory of "six":
The number of Yi changes from yin to six, which is exactly eight.
It is also explained here that "eight" is yin and "just in eight". Explain the "seven" theory:
Yang is right. From one, the slight shade is inclined out of it.
It can be seen that Xu Shen also interprets "four", "five", "six", "seven" and "eight" in terms of yin and yang, not only when he interprets "nine". Obviously, Xu Shen explained the concrete numbers of "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight" and "nine" in terms of yin and yang. Then, it can be assumed that the "nine" in "Nine Songs" explained by Wang Yi and Wu Chen should be a concrete number, namely the real number "nine".
In addition, The Selected Works was selected into Seven Facies, which was marked as "Eight Poems of Seven Facies". Shan Li noted in Seven Facies:
Those who said seven things started with the prince, which is still like the Seven admonitions of Chu Ci.
Shan Li's notes and five ministers' notes all say:
Seven, the number of young people, want to make Yang Ming more important to you. Of the eight composers, the first is the preface, and the sixth is the admonition. I don't want to offend their faces, and the last one, Chen Zhengdao started to do it.
it can be seen that Shan Li and Wu Chen interpreted "seven" as "the number of young yang", and they all interpreted it in terms of yin and yang. At the same time, it shows that the five ministers don't just explain the "nine" in "Nine Songs" with the theory of yin and yang. Although Qifa is named as eight poems, its content is seven things, and the first of the eight poems is a preface, and the last seven poems are the text. In other words, the text of Qifa is seven poems. It can be considered that the "seven" in Qifa explained by Shan Li and Wu Chen is the real number "seven", so it can be assumed that the "nine" in Jiuge explained by Wu Chen is the real number "nine". Furthermore, Shan Li thinks that the phrase "Seven Words, Seven Words, and the Number of Young Yang" in Qifa not only explains the "seven" in Qifa, but also explains the "seven" in Qijian. Seven remonstrations includes seven articles: First Release, Shen Jiang, Hating the World, Hating Thinking, Self-pity, Mourning for Life and Misadmonition. At last, there is a random word, which is not an independent one. Therefore, "Seven Suggestions" is exactly seven articles. The "seven" in Seven Suggestions is the concrete real number "seven". Li Shan used the number of young yang as the explanation of the seven in his title, which happened to be seven. Then, it can be assumed that the nine songs that five ministers used the number of young yang as the explanation of the nine in their title should also be nine, and the nine in the nine songs is also a concrete real number.
The original style of "Nine Songs" was nine articles with a disorderly remark
The preface to Nine Arguments in Wang Yi's Songs of the South said:
Qu Yuan was loyal, but was slandered by evil spirits, hurting the monarch, and the country would be in danger, which was to help the number of heaven and earth and make him an important figure in human form. ..... As for Han Xing, Liu Xiang and Wang Bao's followers, who are sorrowful about their writings, wrote lyrics accordingly, hence the name "Chu Ci". Also accept its nine to establish righteousness. (emphasis is added by the author, the same below. )
This preface says that Liu Xiang and Wang Bao wrote their own works on Qu Yuan's Nine Songs and Nine Chapters, that is, they imitated Qu Yuan's Nine Songs and Nine Chapters. Liuxiangde