1. Time difference
(1) The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period.
(2) Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, rose in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished in the Song Dynasty, which is another literary genre developed on the basis of poetry.
Maybe everyone will think that the time difference between poetry and songs is one in the Tang Dynasty and the other in the Song Dynasty, but this idea is wrong. The appearance of poetry is not limited to the Tang Dynasty, and the ci is not limited to the Song Dynasty. Tang poetry and Song ci are the most famous, because poetry reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, while ci did not develop until the Song Dynasty. The difference in time also determines the difference between the two. Relatively speaking, poetry appeared earlier than words.
2. Differences in form
(1) Let's talk about poetry first. Its form is fixed, that is, each sentence has a fixed sentence pattern, which can be roughly divided into three categories: quatrains, regular poems and ancient poems. The difference between these three categories is that quatrains are four poems, eight regular poems, and the rest are ancient poems. Take the five laws as an example:
Every eight sentences, every five words, * * * forty words;
Only rhyme, rhyme has a fixed position, that is, even sentences rhyme (the first sentence can rhyme or not), can not change rhyme;
The third sentence and the fourth sentence (coordinate couplets), and the fifth sentence and the sixth sentence (neck couplets) must be opposite.
(2) However, the forms of words are different. He doesn't have a fixed sentence pattern and doesn't require words. You can sentence three words or nine words, just like Jiang Nanyi and river of no return, which are three words and nine words respectively.
3. Different names
(1) Every poem has a fixed name, which cannot be easily changed after it has a name, and it is a unique name.
(2) A word can have its own name, or it can be attached with a epigraph name, just like "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan". Qinyuanchun is a epigraph name, and snow is the name of this word. There are also many common epigraph names, such as "Recalling Jiangnan" and "Die Lian Hua", which are quite famous.
4. Different relationship with music
The creation of ci is generally called "ci", but there is no such thing as "poem", which means that the relationship between the two styles and music is completely different.
(1) Poetry was born with written content before music, chanting or singing. The content comes first, and everything else is the last section.
(2) However, "word" is different. "Words" are music first, and then the filling of text content. Music and other elements come first, but the content is not particularly important. This is why to say "word" is to fill the appropriate text content in the framework of music.
5. Different performance styles; Poetry has poetic style, and words have poetic context. Poetry has its own characteristics in subject matter, content and expression. The broadness of poetry can express a lot of social life, and the profundity of words is suitable for expressing delicate emotions and artistic conception.
(1) Generally speaking, poetry can be expressed, talked about, communicated with Zen, reasoned and even ridiculed.
(2) Ci pays more attention to individual emotional experience. Ci pays attention to the most sensitive and true emotional experience of individuals, and it is necessary to spread out the infinite tangled and unspeakable emotions in the heart bit by bit. Before the emergence of the bold school, the social content reflected by ci was relatively narrow.
for instance
Poem: Song Yan's Notes on Collating the Temple into a King
Yuan did not open the Qingming holiday, and the small garden wandered alone.
It's cold and rainy in spring, and a hangover is hard to stop.
There's nothing to do, bloom's flowers fall, and it's like deja vu when Yan returns.
Can give tourists a lot of flavor, don't cherish green money, choose talents.
Word: Shayan pine tree in Huanxi
A new song and a glass of wine, the weather was old last year.
When will the sunset come back?
There's nothing to do, bloom's flowers fall, and it's like deja vu when Yan returns.
Wandering alone in the small garden, fragrant path.
The beauty of sentences is closer to the beauty of words. The most essential beauty of writing is elegance. Just like this sentence, "I can't help falling, it seems that I know my face." Even two identical sentences may have universal repercussions in poetry, and when put into words, they will become famous sentences through the ages.