"Qin crowned the stars, and when it was quiet, it was widely circulated.
Today, when there is no silence in front of the door, you will know that what people say is hard to be true. "
Tenth:
"Once you can feel sorry for your husband's talent, you will be ashamed of your strengths and ambitions.
Running water has passed, and Yizhou's career has fallen. "
From the farewell poems of two concubines in Shenyang, we can draw the following two basic conclusions:
First, the relationship between Xiao Shenyang and his concubines should be so good that all his concubines can be buried with him. It can be seen that Xiao Shenyang has invested some feelings in his concubines; Little Shenyang and his concubines have deep feelings-it's not just money!
Second: The concubines in Little Shenyang are all very talented. At the very least, they are not only proficient in literature and ink, but should be basically proficient in poetry and calligraphy. It can also be said that the selection criteria for concubines in Shenyang are very strict, and the selection of concubines in Shenyang is very level.
Chapter 4 Ascension: The Secret of Ascending to the Third Level
Xiao Shenyang failed the imperial examination.
Small Shenyang is the favorite of Emperor Qianlong, so when did small Shenyang come into contact with Qianlong? What was his first impression of Gan Long?
19 years old, that is, the year after he married Feng, he inherited the position of the third-class captain of our ancestors. That is, in the same year, he also took part in the imperial examination.
The imperial examination system originated in the Sui Dynasty. Imperial examination in Qing dynasty existed as early as Huang taiji period, but it was not frequent and the examination method was relatively simple. The first imperial examination after entering the customs was in the second year of Shunzhi.
The imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty had three purposes. The first is to choose officials and scholars. The Qing dynasty is a vast country, and it needs a large number of bureaucrats to manage political affairs and help maintain the rule. Choosing officials from imperial examinations and candidates is the correct way to choose officials since the Tang Dynasty. This practice is helpful to overcome the official intention in selecting officials and expand the basis of selecting officials. Second, in order to win over Han intellectuals and ease ethnic conflicts, this goal was particularly obvious in the early Qing Dynasty. Fan Wencheng said: "Governing the world will win the hearts of the people. Scholars show people, learning to be excellent is an official, and people learn to be excellent is an official. " To this end, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong held an institutional examination-Bowen Ci-choosing Examination, in addition to the normal imperial examination. The third is to help strengthen ideological rule. By studying the Four Books and Five Classics and silently writing the Oracle of Guangjiao, we can effectively achieve the goal of unifying the people's thoughts throughout the country with Confucianism.
The imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty imitated the lighting system. Like the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination was conducted by the Ministry of Rites, and the time, place and content of the examination were the same-all the four books and five classics were tested, and the level, steps, qualifications and official positions of the examination were basically the same as those of the Ming Dynasty.
Imperial examinations are divided into children's examinations and formal examinations. Only by passing the children's test and obtaining the student qualification can you take the formal examination. Township, will try to avoid the system, the examiner's children and relatives can not take the exam.
Children's exams are divided into county exams, government exams and academy exams, and formal exams are divided into township exams, general exams and palace exams. These exams are introduced below.
The county examination is held in February every year and presided over by the magistrate of a county. To register before the exam, fill in the name, place of origin, age and three generations of resumes. Those who admire outstanding children and grandchildren and mourn filial piety cannot take the exam. Candidates are jointly guaranteed by five people, and another student in the county is the guarantor. There are still four or five county exams. In the first two games, I took an examination of eight-part essay and poetry, and wrote "Extensive Training of the Oracle" silently. The third exam is poetry and fu, and the fourth and fifth exams are the interpretation of the four books and five classics. After taking the county exam, you can take the official exam. In fact, after the first admission, you can get the qualification to take the government exam. The government exam is an exam that you are not eligible to take until you pass the county exam. The government examination is conducted in the county under the jurisdiction of the government and presided over by the county magistrate. Most of the time is in April. Taking the government exam, the registration is similar to the county exam, except that one more student stays. If the government has passed the exam, it is the university exam. Zheng Xue presided over the college examination. Zheng Xue is also known as the Prefect College, hence its name. There are two college exams. The first game is the exam, two eight-part essays and a poem. The second scene is the second interview. I took an eight-part essay, tried to post a poem, and wrote "Extensive Training of the Oracle" from memory. After admission, he was qualified as a trainee, commonly known as a scholar, and was sent to the county magistrate's office to prepare for the formal examination.
Provincial examination is the first level of formal examination. Once every three years, held in the provincial capital. Because this is an August exam, it is also called Qiu Wei. Students, inspectors, Yin students, tribute students, official students and those who pass the scientific examination can participate. The exam is divided into three sections: the first section of grade nine, the second section of grade twelve and the third section of grade fifteen. Juzi must enter the arena the day before and hand in his paper on the third day. There are seven eight-part essays in the first exam, one in the second exam and five strategies on classics and history in the third exam. After entering the school, you are called Juren, and your first name is Xie Yuan.
The final exam is the second level of the formal exam. It is held in Beijing every three years. It is February and March, so it is also called the end of spring. Juren and imperial academy attended. In order to prevent fake juren from taking part, in the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, juren had to have a second interview before the exam. The examination is presided over by the Ritual Department, and the chief (examiner) is a bachelor of cabinet or six ministers. The vice-president is six assistant ministers, Lang Peng or a bachelor of cabinet of Jiangnan Gongyuan. The number and content of the examination are the same as those of the provincial examination. The champion is Gong, and the first place is Huiyuan.
Palace examination is the highest level examination, presided over by the emperor and asked questions. Policy topics are political affairs, economics and justice. The cabinet proposed the topic and the emperor chose it. The answer is more than a thousand words. It is held on April 21st of the lunar calendar. After three days of examination, the reading officer sent the top ten to the emperor. The emperor determined the ranking and summoned the ten men, called Xiao Chuanchuan. The ranking of other winners is also decided by the emperor. Fill in the gold list in the cabinet book. On the 25th, the ranking of palace examination was announced, and the boy scout in the late Qing Dynasty, who was promoted by knife dancing and archery, held a famous ceremony in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which was called the Great Biography. The big gold list is posted on the palace wall of Chang 'an Avenue. An honor banquet was held on the 26th. All the students admitted are Jinshi, the first is the champion, the second is the second, and the third is the flower exploration.
In addition to the top three, the post-Chinese entrance examination will be held in Baohe Hall. Proposed by the emperor, marked by ministers appointed by the king, and so on.
The first prize, the second prize and the flower exploration prize were awarded to the Hanlin Academy for editing and editing. Other new Jinshi were introduced by Bachelor Bird, and the emperor appointed them as officials. Some people were chosen as Jishi Shu and were awarded official positions after the museum closed. Generally awarded to six principals, Dr. imperial academy or county magistrate.
Juren can also be an official through big moves. The great challenge began in the seventeenth year of Qianlong. After the examination, it will be held every six years, and the court will select the magistrate or scholar who looks good and responds sensitively.
The above is a normal imperial examination. In addition, there were examinations in the fields of system design, translation and martial arts in the Qing Dynasty.
The system of making subjects is an examination system held by the imperial court, which began in the Han Dynasty and Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The institutional subjects in Qing Dynasty include erudition and poetry, economy and filial piety, honesty and founder, and classics and temporary examination. Bo Hongxue's Ci was once held in the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), and the test questions were "A poem by Yu Heng in Xuan Ji" and "Shenggeng", a poem with five words and twenty rhymes. Number of participants 143, including 20 first-class participants and 30 second-class participants, all of whom were awarded Hanlin officials. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), the second examination was held, and the first topic was "five or six celestial bodies are combined, and saints are the rhyme when respecting the people". The poem is entitled "Give a pheasant dancing mirror and get seven words and twelve rhymes" and entitled "Huang Zhong is the fundamental theory of all things". The second topic is about classics, history, system and strategy. Number of participants 176, of which 5 won the first prize and were edited; Class ii 10 person, awarded to Jishi Shu. Those who continue to take the two-year make-up exam, the first class 1 person, the second class 3 people. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), it was held by examination. The test question is "Dai Li's health protection, Fuxi's virtue, teacher's guidance course, which is synonymous with modern school physical education, moral education and intellectual education". "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used platinum as currency, which was divided into three categories, and the amount of money was fixed; After that, platinum gradually became cheaper, and the money was repeatedly made. What is the correct strategy for neatness? "The first question of the second interview is" Zhou Li, agriculture, industry and commerce have their own specialized officials ",and the second question is" Huan Kuan said that the foreign logistics flowed out, and the benefits were not leaked, and the state spared the people and gave them. "What should I do if I want different logistics to come out and not leak out? 186 people took the exam, but only 10 people passed the exam after the second interview. The Ministry of Special Economic Affairs was convened in 24 years at the request of Yan Xiu, a Guizhou scholar, after being deliberated and drafted by the State Council of the Prime Minister's Office. The golden list of filial piety is based on the examination of virtue. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the founder branches of Shunzhi and Kangxi Xiaolian were not customized, but after Qianlong became a routine. It is worth adding that most of Lian Xiao's founder's exams are false stories. The subject examination was held only once in the 16th year of Qianlong, and scholars, students and retired students can take it, but its classics must be profound and pure, and its moral character must be noble and clean, and it is recommended by the university students, Jiuqing and the Governor. Four people were admitted: Wu Ding, Liang Xiyuan, Chen Zufan and Gao Gu. The first two were awarded the title of Secretary of State, while the last two were too old to work. Jinshi inscription tablet, awarded imperial academy as the state secretariat. The temporary examination was called for the emperor's patrol to meet the scholars, juren and health workers who presented books. After some prescribed procedures, they will be admitted by the educational administration department in conjunction with the local governor.