The ancient city is the ancient city of Shangqiu with a history of 2400 years. In the Song Dynasty, it was called Yingtian, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called Guide.
Academy is Yingtian Academy, one of the "Four Great Academies in Song Dynasty", which is famous in history, but its color is a bit dim in the present society.
When it comes to Yingtian Academy, people in the ancient city will immediately talk about Fan Zhongyan.
A person and a college? Or a college for one person? A person's life is so short that it can replace the Millennium of the academy?
There was once a movie "2 1 g", 2 1 g, which was about the weight of a person's soul.
On the balance, what kind of 2 1g soul as light as a wing can be called the vicissitudes of the Millennium Academy at the other end?
I used to feel that my personal strength was small. "One tree cannot make a forest, and dripping water cannot make a river." After reading Fan Zhongyan in the history books, I feel that personal power is sometimes very powerful, powerful enough to shape a college, a city, create a generation of ethos and change the fate of a generation.
Fan Zhongyan came to the academy to study when he was a teenager, and all the bittersweet memories of his youth stayed here. Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtian Academy for the second time. He has status, fame and knowledge. The Academy is blessed with him. He really wants to do it. Therefore, the scholars in Henan are blessed, and the generation of scholars is blessed.
It's not just a college, it's also a city that got a bargain.
It was not only Henan people who got a big bargain, but also a great Song Dynasty.
◎ The original site of Yingtian Academy has sunk into the water.
20 16 August 2 1, morning. Visit a Millennium Academy in Shangqiu Ancient City.
Nanhu, the ancient city of Shangqiu, is a quiet place. Surrounded by water on three sides, a red-walled courtyard stands quietly, which is the rebuilt Yingtian Academy.
Before entering the hospital, we first crossed a small white stone bridge on the water-Zhuangyuan Bridge.
Cross the bridge into Zhumen. Sitting facing south is a shrine dedicated to Confucius and his disciples. The five-bay building is very spectacular. The halls on both sides are Fan Zhongyan's deeds exhibition hall.
After worshipping the temple, it is a slightly smaller single building-Yingtian Academy Lecture Hall. This is a Song-style building.
"The lecture hall of Yingtian Academy opened a lecture hall on Chinese studies, and lecturers from CCTV lecture hall, such as Ji Lianhai and Wang Liqun, came to give lectures. The construction of lecture halls plays an important role in improving the three functions of the academy: giving lectures, offering sacrifices and collecting books. " Cao Keming, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, said.
In fact, the rebuilt college has not yet been completed.
"Yingtian Academy Restoration Project was originally listed as a key project in Henan Province and Shangqiu City, covering an area of 52 mu, designed by the Institute of Ancient Architecture of Henan University. From south to north, the layout of the whole academy is screen wall, archway, gate and east-west side door, front lecture hall and east-west side door, Minglun Hall and east-west annex room, library building and east-west side door, tutor's residence, worship hall, east-west wing room, Kuixing Building and east-west cloister room. " This is a record of relevant information.
The unfinished Yingtian Academy and the rebuilt address are not the original site of Yingtian Academy.
Why not rebuild on the original site?
According to the Guide to Virtue in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, the former site of Yingtian Academy is located in' 70 steps northeast of Zhou Ye',' south gate outside the west' and' half moat and half civilian field'. Sun Gang, director of China Fan Zhongyan Research Association and a cultural scholar, said.
Sun Gang took me to the original site, came to the South Lake outside the south gate of the ancient city, and stood under the painted corridor. Sun Gang said, "Half of the original site is under the water in front of me, and the other half is in the corridor."
The original location is 500 meters away from the reconstruction address.
The original site of the underwater academy is melancholy. The paradoxical world has left this historical vacuum with no traces on the ground and only sporadic written records. This is the status quo that has to be accepted, and the existence of academies that cannot be rebuilt on the original site is * * *.
Standing by the south lake, close your eyes and imagine the scene of Yingtian Academy. Where did its dormitory, teachers and students' dormitory, lecture hall, library and temple go?
Where are its ups and downs, blooming flowers, the ups and downs of its reading sound, and its green flowers come and go?
The rebuilt academy has a beautiful environment, but without a dignified history, its content is still thin. In any case, the lecture hall of Yingtian Academy still allows the integration of ancient and modern cultures and the interaction between viewers and buildings.
In the reconstruction of the academy, the historical relics of Fan Zhongyan were excavated solidly. How deep is Fan Zhongyan's connection and origin with it?
Fan Zhongyan is a "model student"
Yingtian Academy, formerly known as Du Nan Academy, was founded by Yang Yun, a native of Yucheng, Shangqiu in the Five Dynasties.
Du Nan Academy has cultivated famous Confucianism, Qi and Tongwen. After Yang Yun's death, Qi taught, and all the students in the world "came a long way" and "scholars from far and near returned".
In 960 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty was established, and it was urgent to employ people. In February of that year, it opened a subject examination, and many scholars were admitted.
"Heqi's early gathering to give lectures opened the atmosphere of promoting learning in Songzhou (formerly known as Shangqiu), trained talents for the Northern Song Dynasty and laid the foundation for the birth of Yingtian Academy." The History of the Song Dynasty says:' The study of the Northern Song Dynasty began in Shangqiu'. "Sun Gang.
After Song Zhenzong acceded to the throne, Songzhou was promoted to Yingtianfu. Once a school student, he built 150 houses in the old private school in Fucheng, Qi with "3 million yuan". Qi Shunbin, the grandson of Qi, was invited to preside over the academy, and his reputation spread far and wide.
1009 (in the second year of Northern Song Dynasty, Dazhong Xiangfu), Cao Cheng donated books to the school, which was praised by Zhenzong and given the inscription "Yingtianfu Academy". Academy icing on the cake, becoming one of the four major academies in China in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
In response to the listing of Tianfu Academy for two years,101year, 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came.
Fan Zhongyan, a native of Suzhou, lost his father at an early age. His mother took him in and remarried to Zhujiajian. His stepfather forced him to learn the skills of a businessman, but he only liked reading.
At the age of 23, Fan Zhongyan left his stepfather's family and went to Yingtianfu Academy. He cut off the family supply and began to study hard for five years.
He works day and night, and the moon is very tired in winter. He covered his face with water and couldn't eat until he followed him with porridge. People can't compare, and Chinese cigarettes are not bitter. "
Studying hard has become the main theme of Fan Zhongyan's Memories of Youth.
The ancient city also gave him sweet and wonderful times. "At the beginning of Song and Zhou Dynasties, Qiu Li took a fancy to him and married Li Changling's niece, who was a former politician. Most of his children grew up here and were called' Suiyang Teenagers'. His fief was also sealed here. Up to now, Limin Town, Yucheng County still has the site of' Fan Wenzheng Gongci'. " Sun Gang Road.
After studying hard for five years, he won the Jinshi, and his bright career began, so he could display his ambition of studying in the world.
◎ Fan Zhongyan became "Principal Fan"
1026 (Tiansheng four years in Northern Song Dynasty), Fan Zhongyan lost his mother, and he returned to Yingtianfu.
The local governor is Yan Shu, who was hired as the dean of the college. Fan Zhongyan was "not confused".
Excellent graduates of the Academy of Fine Arts became "President Fan". President Fan took the lead in clarifying the purpose of running the academy, established a new talent training model of "taking the world as his own responsibility", carried forward the academic and academic style of "applying what he has learned" in the early Song Dynasty, and clarified the status of scholars and masters in the academy.
Fan Zhongyan is strict. "He often stays at school and has been studying in the dormitory. Night school students ... see those who go to bed first. " "Can't be right, punish it." He cherishes his students and "tries his best to push their wages to tourists all over the world." When the philosopher arrives, it is easy to come out. "
The lecturer has a nephew named Zhang, who is talented and poor, and is carefully cultivated by Fan Zhongyan. Zhang later served as prime minister with Wang Anshi. "Three Sus" was discovered and recommended by Zhang. Su Shi respected Zhang very much and even regretted not meeting Fan Zhongyan (when Fan died, Su Shi was only fifteen years old). He said, "I want to be the last student at Duke University in Fan Wenzheng and be listed under his door".
Sun Fu, a student from Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province, came to the academy twice to beg. Fan Zhongyan and Chunqiu each gave 1000 yuan. Knowing that his mother was ill, he was arranged to work and study in the college, and his monthly salary could support his family.
Ten years later, Sun Fu became a master of Spring and Autumn Annals and went to the palace to give lectures for Renzong. Fan Zhongyan saw it and sighed: poverty is a terrible disaster. If Sun Fu begged all his life, this outstanding talent would not be drowned!
He cherishes the children of the poor and is full of "* * *". This is of course related to his own life experience.
In the second year of President Fan's appointment, students Wang, Zhao Wei won the first prize and explored flowers. Then they went out and entered the stage.
Since then, people in the Song Dynasty have learned more from literature. Zhang, Sun Fu, Shijie, Li Gou, Zhang Zai, Wen Yanbo and others who made great achievements in politics and literature in the Northern Song Dynasty were all taught by him successively.
Fan Zhongyan's "Suiyang Learning Case" is unique, inheriting Confucianism, Taoism and Mohism, enlightening Zhu Neo-Confucianism and advocating the cultural revival of the Northern Song Dynasty, which has far-reaching influence.
When he was the headmaster, he was busy writing. The Inscription of Nanjing Academy written by him is called the "earliest" and "latest" prose in his life, with lofty thoughts and far-reaching artistic conception.
There are many "golden sentences" in the text, such as "I swallow nine rivers and respect a hundred valleys; I will decide the cloud, and the jade will not be cut. "
There is also a saying that "a hundred schools of thought contend with nine streams, and there is a heart of worrying about the world." After that, I wrote "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is also a beginning.
When the headmaster was busy writing, Fan Zhongyan also wrote the Book of the Dynasty, which was praised by the history of Song Dynasty as "a historical document with the same value as Zhuge Liang's Longzhongdui", which can be called "Song Edition" and "Longzhongdui".
Yingtianfu Academy is also a blessed place for President Fan.
◎ The "Post-Fan Zhongyan Era" of the Academy
Fan Zhongyan left after three years of worry, but he has been paying attention to this school.
1035 (the second year of Jingshou in the Northern Song Dynasty), Yingtian Academy was changed to Nanjing Fu Xue, which was officially included in the official school series. The government allocated ten hectares of farmland as a fund. Private schools have become established "institutions".
Fu Xue is a famous school. According to the records of the Song Dynasty, 38 celebrities walked out of here and left their biographies.
1043 (the third year of the northern song dynasty), "take Fu Xue as imperial academy".
This upgrade has greatly improved the specifications. It ranks as the highest institution of higher learning in the Northern Song Dynasty along with imperial academy in Bianjing, Tokyo and Xijing Luoyang, becoming the only three institutions of higher learning in China.
In Tokyo and Xijing imperial academy, the enrollment threshold is "three sons and three daughters", but in Nanjing imperial academy (Yingtian Academy), it is reduced to "the son of an official with seven grades or above, and Shu Ren is handsome", which has opened a precedent for imperial academy to recruit children of ordinary people.
From Confucius's "teaching without distinction" to Qi's "the same language in the world", to Fan Zhongyan's "taking the world as one's own responsibility" and then to "recruiting handsome people", great educational progress has laid a solid foundation for "the Northern Song Dynasty is the most important culture of Chinese nation".
All this benefits from the ancient city, Yingtian Academy and Fan Zhongyan.
When the Northern Song Dynasty died, the Academy was destroyed by fire.
In the early Yuan Dynasty, the official school and Confucian Temple in Guide were built, and the scale was greatly reduced. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty 153 1 year (ten years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), Wang Youjian's social research was changed to "Yingtian Academy" according to Cai's statement.
160 1 year (twenty-ninth year of Wanli in Ming dynasty), he returned to Germany as the magistrate and Zheng Sanjun, inherited Fan Zhongyan's spirit of promoting learning, built Fan Wenzheng Institute of Public Speaking, and personally collected books to give lectures like Fan Zhongyan. Hou Yao, an official of the Minister of Finance, Hou Ke, an alcoholic sacrifice of imperial academy, Ye Tinggui, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, and Song Quan, a university student, are all his students.
165 1 year (eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing dynasty), Fan Wenzheng Catholic College was restored in Qing dynasty, and Hou Fangyu wrote the Inscription on Rebuilding the College.
1905, the Qing dynasty abolished the imperial examination and promoted learning. The Fan Wenzheng bus station became a "school in Guide House" and the "Academy" completed its historical mission.
Zheng Sanjun and others revived Fan Wenzheng Lecture Hall many times in Qing Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan became a reference for them to know the world around them to some extent.
Everyone in the ancient city should keep a small piece of Yingtian Academy (Fan Zhongyan) in their hearts. Yingtian Academy and Fan Zhongyan have become an inseparable whole and an eternal memory of history.
People in the ancient city are bustling in the narrow old streets, passing through the Yingtian Academy under the water and on the shore. This is the history that happened at this moment.