A brief introduction and description can set off the main things.
It can be lined with things. There is a story in Liezi: Xue Tan learned to sing for Qin Qing, but he thought he was too proud to "quit" before he got home. Qin Qing "lingered in the suburbs, caressing elegies, shaking the trees, very sonorous". The author does not directly describe how exquisite Qin Qing's singing skills are, but sets off the profile from the perspective that his "elegy" can move trees and stop floating white clouds from appreciating. Lin Heyun has no spirituality, but "Elegy" can "make inanimate and interesting things seem to have human life activities, and make things that were originally just material appear human feelings" (Zhu Guangqian's words). Imagine, if you don't have superb singing skills, why is Elegy so moving and crying for trees?
You can also pair people. The article Stomatology not only vividly describes the complex and changeable sounds carefully simulated by ventriloquists, but also supplements the audience's reaction after each scene. Through the audience's eyes, movements, emotions and psychology, the fascinating artistic effect and artistic appeal of ventriloquism are set off from the side. We know that whether a performance is good or not depends on the audience's reaction.
It can also be lined with objects. This is Zhu Ziqing's description of spring flowers in his article Spring. In order to highlight the colorful fragrance of spring flowers, after the positive description, he wrote: "Under the flowers, hundreds of bees are buzzing and butterflies of different sizes are flying around." It is said that bees make butterflies fly, but flowers are gorgeous and fragrant. The predecessors commented on the poem "Lotus Leaf He Tian Tian" in Jiangnan, saying: "Don't say that flowers prefer leaves, leaves are still lovely, and flowers go without saying." The flowers in Ye Sheng are very good, while bees and butterflies fly around, making the flowers smell good. The same is true of Lu Xun's "Social Drama", which is about the fast sailing of ships. He didn't say that the ship was sailing like an arrow, but that "the mountains on both sides, like eager iron ridges, ran far to the stern." The speed of the ship was set off by the speeding of the still scenery.
Judging from the description of the characters.
Positive description is a positive description of the characters, so that they can be directly presented to readers. Positive description is divided into portrait description, words and deeds description, psychological description and detail description.
Portrait description refers to depicting characters through their external characteristics such as voice, appearance, clothing, posture, expression and intonation. It is an important means to express the character and mental outlook of the characters. A good portrait description can not only show the identity, occupation, education, hobbies, experiences and opportunities of the characters, but also show their spiritual world and personality temperament. For example, Lu Xun's depiction of middle-aged land in Hometown vividly reflects the bankruptcy of rural areas in old China and the sufferings and poverty of farmers.
The description of words and deeds is to express characters by describing their language and actions. As the saying goes, "words express the heart and actions express the thoughts." Readers know their people by "listening to their words and observing their actions". Therefore, to reveal the spirit and character of the characters, we must grasp the representative words and deeds of the characters to describe them. For example, Hometown depicts Yang Er's sister-in-law. Apart from several wonderful portraits, her words and deeds are mainly written, and a highly typical image of ordinary citizens is vividly presented to readers.
Psychological description is a description of the inner activities of the characters around the objective situation in a certain environment. Good psychological description can reveal the ideological basis of characters' language behavior and further reveal the spiritual realm of characters. For example, in A Little Thing written by Mr. Lu Xun, I wrote many times about my psychological activities, which showed my reverence for the coachman and my self-dissection spirit of bravely fighting the ugliness in my soul under the inspiration of the coachman's aboveboard spirit.
There are many ways to express the psychology of characters, which can be directly expressed through characters, that is, through dialogue or inner monologue; It can also be described by the author in narrative language; It can also be embodied in more tortuous ways, such as writing dreams and hallucinations. The key to writing a good character's psychology is the author's thorough understanding and profound observation of the character, and it is not enough to rely solely on general observation.
Detail description is a description of a vivid and tiny plot or the subtle characteristics of a person or environment, which can well express the thoughts and character of the person. Detail description can make the characters more full and vivid, give people a strong impression, deepen the theme of the work, increase the life atmosphere of the work and make the work more lively. For example, in the article "Building Roads", Aadahl Ka, the wife of a road maintenance worker, described in detail the inner world and straightforward personality of a simple, kind and conscious worker and woman, from blaming Paul wrongly to bringing him a high-waisted overshoe and a linen footboard.
Character image description is to prevent the described object from appearing, but to compare and dazzle other people, things, things and scenes related to the described object, so as to achieve the purpose of expressing a specific object, and also to describe a specific object through the impressions and comments of other characters. For example, the description of the natural environment at the beginning of Mr. Lu Xun's Hometown shows a picture of the desolation and decline of old China and reflects my mood when I returned to my hometown. Another example is Zhao Shuli's article "Comrade Lao Yang", which vividly describes Lao Yang's appearance through a wide range of eyes, wearing rustic clothes. This kind of clothing reflects Lao Yang's thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics as a rural cadre.