1. Translation
The Zhou Dynasty declined into the Warring States Period. It respected hypocrisy and violence but despised benevolence and righteousness. It put material sufficiency first and politeness and humility second. At this time, Li Kui formulated an edict for Wei Wenhou to fully utilize the land's productive capacity. He believed that the land was a hundred miles in circumference, with a total area of ??90,000 hectares. Excluding one-third of the land occupied by Dahu villages in the mountains, there were still 600 acres of land. Ten thousand acres, if you work diligently and carefully, you will get an additional three bushels per mu, if you are not diligent, you will get three bushels less.
If the grain on the land within a hundred miles radius increases or decreases, it will be 1.8 million stone millet. Moreover, if the grain purchased is too expensive, it will hurt the scholars, workers, and merchants, and if it is too cheap, it will hurt the peasants. If the peasants, workers, and merchants are hurt, there will be dispersion, and if the peasants are hurt, there will be national poverty. Therefore, if it is too expensive or too cheap, one party will definitely be harmed. Those who are good at governing the country will protect the soldiers, workers, and merchants from harm and make the farmers more diligent.
Now a householder with five people cultivates 100 acres of land. The annual harvest is one and a half dan per acre, and the millet cost is 150 dan. After excluding one-tenth of the tax, the annual harvest is one and a half dan. Five stones, and there are still one hundred and thirty-five stones left. For food, one person needs one and a half dan per month, and five people need 90 shi per year, leaving 45 shi left.
Sold thirty shi and got one thousand three hundred and fifty yuan. After excluding the new harvest grains in the community and the spring and autumn sacrifices, which cost three hundred yuan, there was still one thousand and fifty yuan left. . Clothes cost roughly 300 yuan per person, and 1,500 yuan for five people for the whole year, a difference of 450 yuan. Unfortunately, the expenses for illness, death, funeral, and taxes are not included in this package.
2. Original text
As for the Lingyi people during the Warring States Period, they valued deceit and force but despised benevolence and friendship. They were rich first and then courteous. At that time, Li Kui taught Marquis Wen of Wei about the power of the land. He thought that the land was a hundred miles away, and he was granted a title of 900 hectares. In addition to Shanze and Yi Jucan, he divided one area into 6 million acres. Diligence leads to loss. The increase or decrease of a hundred miles in a place can easily amount to one hundred and eighty thousand stones of grain. He also said: If the price is too high, it hurts the people; if it is too cheap, it hurts the farmers.
If the people are hurt, they will be separated, and if the farmers are hurt, they will be poor. Therefore, the high and the low are the same. Those who serve the country well will ensure that the people are not harmed and the agriculture is benefited. Today, a man with five people in his arms manages a hundred acres of farmland, and the annual harvest is one and a half stones per mu, which is one hundred and fifty stones of millet. After deducting the tax of ten and fifteen stones, the remaining amount is one hundred and thirty-five stones. Food is one and a half dan per month for five people, ninety shi of millet per year for five people, and the remainder is 45 shi.
Thirty stones were used for one thousand three hundred and fifty. In addition to the shrine of Changxin and Spring and Autumn Period, which was spent on three hundred, the remainder was one thousand and fifty. Clothes, one person's rate is three hundred, and five people's annual use is one thousand, five hundred, which is less than four hundred and fifty. Unfortunately, the expenses for illness, death, and funeral, as well as the tax collection, are not included in this.
3. Source
"Hanshu·Food and Goods Chronicles"
Extended information
1. Creation background
Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty appreciated Ban Gu's talents and called him Lantai Lingshi with a salary of 600 dan, and later he was transferred to Lang. At that time, Fu Yi, the Lantai Lingshi, was his colleague. Both of them were famous for their literature. Ban Gu and his younger brother Ban Chao wrote in a letter: "Wu Zhong is capable of writing and is the Lantai Lingshi. He can't stop writing." This is "literati despise each other." Allusions.
Ban Gu was also ordered to complete the book written by his father. Ban Gu died in prison at the age of sixty-one. At this time, the "Book of Han", the Eight "Tables" and the "Astronomical Records" were not completed.
Ban Gu died before completing the "Book of Han". Emperor He of the Han Dynasty ordered his sister Ban Zhao to continue writing Ban Gu's legacy based on the materials stored in the Dongguan Library. However, Ban Zhao died before it was completed. Ma Xu from the same county was Ban Zhao's disciple. He was well versed in ancient and modern times. Emperor He of the Han Dynasty called him to complete seven "tables" and "astronomical records".
"Hanshu Shihuo Zhi" examines the social and economic conditions of the Western Han Dynasty and analyzes the financial and economic measures implemented in the Western Han Dynasty and their gains and losses based on the idea of ??"the way to manage the people is based on the local people". Discussions were made and opinions were put forward on how to achieve "enough food and peace of mind".
2. Appreciation of Works
In terms of narrative, the characteristic of "Hanshu" is that it pays attention to the system and completeness of historical events, strives to have a beginning and end in everything, and records clearly. This provides great convenience for us to understand and study the history of the Western Han Dynasty. To this day, anyone who studies the history of the Western Han Dynasty uses the "Book of Han" as the basic historical material.
In terms of genre. "Hanshu" and "Shiji" are both biographical history books. The difference is that "Historical Records" begins with the legendary "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" and ends with the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is a general history; while "Hanshu" is a dynastic history that specifically records the historical events of the Western Han Dynasty. This biographical chronological history genre was Ban Gu's creation. The "official history" of subsequent dynasties all adopted this style. This is Ban Gu's major contribution to our country's history.
3. Introduction to the author
Ban Gu (32 years in the eighth year of Jianwu - 92 years in the fourth year of Yongyuan) was an official, historian and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The son of the historian Ban Biao, named Meng Jian, Han nationality, from Anling, Fufeng (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi).
In addition to Lantai Lingshi, he moved to Lang, secretary of the school. He devoted more than 20 years to compose "Han Shu", which was the most important in the world. He moved to Xuanwu Sima, wrote "White Tiger Tongde Lun", and conquered The Xiongnu served as a guard for the central army. He was implicated in the defeat and was imprisoned. He was good at diction and poems, including "Liangdu Fu" and so on.
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