1: Poetry
Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain Solitary City Looking at Yumen Pass in the distance
The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles and the Loulan will never be returned
About the author:
Wang Changling (698-757) was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Born into poverty, he became a Jinshi in the 15th year of Kaiyuan and traveled to the northwest frontier.
Notes:
Joining the Army: The name of the old Yuefu title "Ping Tiaoqu", the content is mostly about the situation of the frontier and the life of soldiers. Qinghai: refers to the area around Qinghai Lake, which was called the West Sea in ancient times. Snow Mountain: Qilian Mountains in Gansu. Yumen Pass: Set up during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it is the main road leading to the Western Regions.
Wearing golden armor: golden armor that has been worn through. Gucheng: refers to Yangguan, the former site is in the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Loulan: The name of a country in the Western Regions in ancient times. It is now the Qiang County and Luobubo areas of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It generally refers to the ethnic minority regime on the northwest border.
3:
"Mirage" is the refraction phenomenon caused by sunlight encountering air of different densities.
In the desert, the sun causes the temperature of the sand surface to rise rapidly during the day. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the air is poor. When there is no wind, the temperature difference in the vertical direction is very large: it is cold at the top and the air density is high; it is hot at the bottom. , air density is small. When sunlight passes from the dense air layer at high altitude into the low-density air layer below, the speed of the light changes, causing refraction, thus mapping the distant oasis in front of people, giving people an illusion - a "mirage". .
Similarly, the "mirage" phenomenon will also appear on rivers, lakes, and seas, and its formation principles are similar.
Answer: sfczs - Probation Level 3-18 12:49
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In the northern territory of our country, from the Hulunbuir League in Inner Mongolia to the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang, vast deserts and sandy lands are distributed in an arc-shaped belt. People's lives are extremely difficult. poor. After liberation, the country paid great attention to the region. In 1959, the State Council held the first desert control work conference of the six northwest provinces (districts) in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and issued a call to "march to the desert." In order to implement this spirit, under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Desert Control Team was established, and Deng Shuqun was appointed as the captain, and Chen Daoming, Huang Bingwei, Liu Shen'e, and Hou Xueyu were the deputy captains. In addition to scientific researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, there are also Teachers and students from some colleges and universities in relevant majors participated, with a total inspection team of more than 1,000 people. In order to uncover the mysteries of the desert and obtain first-hand scientific information, a policy was formulated that combines comprehensive investigation into the desert area with fixed-point experimental research. So while inspecting major deserts, we also visited Lingwu and Shapotou in Ningxia, Yulin in northern Shaanxi, Dengkou and Toudao Lake in Inner Mongolia, Tuokxun in Xinjiang, Golmud in Qinghai, and Minqin in Gansu. , established a comprehensive research and experimental station for desert control and carried out multi-disciplinary scientific experimental research work.
In order to respond to the call of the motherland, a group of young geographical scientists were lucky enough to join the desert control team and came to Toudao Lake in Bayannur League, Inner Mongolia, where they established Tenge. A comprehensive research and experimental station in the desert. The comrades at the experimental station did not have high requirements for living conditions such as food and housing. They were arranged in a courtyard next to the Toudao Lake Lama Temple. Comrades engaged in surveying work carried out surveys of dozens of kilometers around the place and drew topographic maps. Comrades who study plants have conducted surveys and studies on the local plant types, quantities and growth. Comrades working in soil collected soil profiles and conducted soil classification and soil fertility analysis. In order to grasp the changeable weather in the area, a meteorological observation station was established to carry out observation and analysis of wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity and other items. In order to obtain the law and data of the southward movement of the Tengger Desert, a test point for observing the movement of wind and sand was set up at the front edge of the desert. This observation point is about 3 kilometers away from the residence. Whether it is a sudden wind or a scorching sun, observations are made twice a day. . They recorded the observed data in detail, and after calculation and analysis, they proposed the rules and data for the eastward movement of the Tengger Desert, which provided scientific basis for preventing the desert from invading southward and establishing an effective green protection engineering system.
In order to understand the natural overview of the Tengger Desert, in addition to insisting on fixed-point observations, some personnel were also dispatched to conduct a 40-day route inspection, carrying necessary scientific research instruments and daily necessities on the backs of the camels. tents, water and food. They are not afraid of strong winds, scorching sun, flying sand and rocks, and sleeping in the open air. Only the jingling of camel bells accompanies them every day. They overcame all difficulties and obstacles, successfully completed the inspection mission, and experienced first-hand the scene described by the frontier fortress poet Cen Shen of "crossing the sand moraine for ten days, and the wind never stopped".
The state strongly supports the cause of desert control. During the temporary difficult period, it invested in the purchase of three Soviet-made helicopters for comprehensive inspections of the Tengger Desert.
The plane takes off from Yinchuan Airport every day, crosses the Helan Mountains and enters the Tengger Desert. It truly takes pictures of the interior landscape of the desert from the air. It is discovered that there are paozi, grass lakes, salt lakes and alkali lakes in the desert. The total number of these lake basins is about More than 200, it was revealed for the first time that the Tengger Desert is a landform characterized by alternating lake basins and sand dunes, changing the past belief that Tengger was a barren land. Such a geographical environment gives people new understanding and inspiration. The lake basin has become a pearl in the desert, providing support for subsequent desert control, resource development, and environmental transformation.
The young people are deeply affected by the endless sand sea. When they are there, they can personally feel the artistic conception of "the lonely smoke is straight in the desert and the sun is setting in the long river". There, they trekked for two years and wrote many papers, such as "Lake Basin and Aeolian Landform Characteristics of the Eastern Tengger Desert", "The Formation and Transformation and Utilization of the Tengger Desert", etc., which were published in " Desertification Control Research" and other publications.
During this period, Mr. Zhu Kezhen, who served as Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, personally went to the Toudao Lake Experimental Station to inspect and guide the scientific research work there. He patiently listened to the report on the progress of the research work, and carefully understood all aspects of local development and local ethnic customs and people. Then it was pointed out that it is far from enough to use charts and professional reports as the basis for desertification control by the masses. It is important to identify the most urgent key issues in local desertification control work and provide scientific basis to the masses in a short period of time. To this end, the desert control team quickly launched the publication "Desert Control Research" to provide the public with evidence for desert control in a timely manner and also provided teaching materials for relevant majors in colleges and universities. In accordance with the spirit of Mr. Zhu's instructions, in order to transform scientific research results into productivity as soon as possible and integrate scientific research, production and efficiency, the comrades of the experimental station actively cooperated with the local government and established a headquarter under the leadership of the local government. Daohu Desert Control Station regards transforming the lake basin, building protective forests, and promoting desertification control as its top priority, and relies on farmers and herdsmen there for implementation.
Recalling this period of research history, it was in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and our country’s national economy was in a difficult period. The working and living conditions at the experimental station are quite difficult, but this has not shaken the determination of a group of young scientific researchers to persist in their work. Everyone united, worked hard, and successfully completed various experimental research tasks. The results not only fill the scientific gap in the geographical environment of the Tengger Desert, but also become basic data for studying the environment of the sandy region in my country.
Forty years have passed. Today, under the favorable circumstances of reform and opening up, the desert has been transformed to varying degrees. The area covered with green has expanded. In the past, "sands advanced and people retreated." Now is the time when "people advance and sand recedes" and enters the development period of the sand industry. Those young people who were active in the desert back then have gray hair today. When they returned to the Toudaohu Desert Control Station, they saw that the environment had changed greatly, with patches of green grass and forests, showing the A lively scene.