Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form (genre) of poetry, it can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
Yuefu came into being in the Han Dynasty. It was originally accompanied by music, so it was called "Yuefu" or "Yuefu Poetry". This kind of Yuefu poetry is called Qu, Ci, Song and Xing. After the Tang Dynasty, ancient poems written by literati imitating this style were also called "Yuefu", but they were no longer music. Sometimes there are songs, lines, songs, songs and quotations in the opening credits.
Yuefu poetry belongs to ancient poetry.
(2) Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry or metrical poetry, includes metrical poetry and quatrains. There are four quatrains, five quatrains and seven quatrains. There are eight quatrains, five quatrains and seven quatrains.
In the use of rhyme;
1: Each modern poem can only use one rhyme, and even the arrangement of dozens of sentences cannot be changed. 2. The near aspect rhymes only in even sentences, except for the first sentence, which can be bet or not (rhymes with a flat voice and does not rhyme with a squeak). Five words don't gamble more, seven words gamble more), and the rest of the odd sentences don't rhyme. 3. Generally, only flat rhyme is used in the near body. Flat tone is one or two tones we have now.
Rhyme has the following four characteristics:
A. Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws.
B. flat rhyme;
C. the level of each sentence is stipulated;
Every article must have antithesis, and the antithesis position is parallel couplet (the second couplet) and neck couplet (the third couplet).
There is a kind of metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long law. Dragon law is naturally a modern poem. The long method is generally five characters, and the number of rhymes is often indicated on the title. For example, Du Fu's "Thirty-six Rhymes of Sleeping Boat in the Rain" is 360 words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail), so it is also called parallelism.
The poet's nickname:
Poet Fairy: Li Bai Poet Saint: Du Fu Poet Demon: Bai Juyi Shi Gui: Li He Poet Prisoner: Meng Jiao, Jia Dao.
Shi Fo: Wang Wei Shi Hao: rachel
3 words, also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs, etc.
1. Its characteristics are: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, and the word has a fixed sound.
2. Classification: Different words can be divided into long tone (above 9 1 word), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (below 58 words).
Longer words can also be segmented, with two tones (that is, two paragraphs), three folds and four folds. A paragraph is called a piece. The first section is called anterior superior adventitia, and the second section is called posterior inferior adventitia.
There are 50 words in Xijiang Moon, which is still a poem, but there are two paragraphs, so it is called double tone.
3. All words have epigrams, and Xijiang Moon and Tianjingsha are epigrams. Set the tone, regardless of content. Some words have another title or preface under the epigraph, indicating the theme of the work or the reason for writing.
Tianjingsha (inscription)? Qiu Si (Title)
Old vines and faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
(4) Qu, also known asNo..
1. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used.
The basic types of Sanqu: Xiao Ling and divertimento, and the ballads between them.
Xiao Ling, also known as "Ye Er", got its name from the Liquor Order in the Tang Dynasty. Its basic feature is that there are only songs and few short words in a single article.
The divertimento is a group of coherent songs, with at least two songs and dozens more. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
Zaju: It is composed of different palace tunes, such as Yuan.
2. The composition of the topic: Gong Diao (in brackets)+De Pai+Topic (dispensable)
3, mezzanine: The most significant difference between a song and a word is whether there is a mezzanine. A song has a mezzanine and a word has no mezzanine. The so-called "interlude" refers to the words added beyond the number of words required by the melody. Not limited by melodies such as phonemes, parallelism and sentence patterns, lines are generally used at the beginning of sentences. (just know)
4. Four masters in Yuan Dynasty: Dou Eyuan by Guan Hanqing and Autumn Colors in Han Palace by Ma Zhiyuan. Bai Pu, the masterpiece "Up the Wall at once". Zheng Guangzu, whose name is Dehui, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio (both writers of Yuan Zaju).
2. Judging from the content (theme) of poetry, it can be divided into:
Landscape pastoral poetry is an idyllic life created by the poet, who takes landscape pastoral poetry as the aesthetic object and throws delicate strokes into quiet Shan Ye and leisurely fields to express his dissatisfaction with reality and his yearning for a quiet and peaceful life. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings expressed by the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
The farewell poems for hurting spring are mostly used to express the feelings of fleeting youth and unfulfilled ambition, or to express the infinite yearning for relatives, friends and lovers.
Hermit poetry
Poetry (chanting poems) is a kind of poetry in which the poet does not directly express his thoughts and feelings, but describes the shape, characteristics, charm and character of the things he sings, so as to express his feelings, spirit, quality or ideal.
Instead, they use symbols, inspiration and other means to integrate their ideals and personal interests into a specific thing in order to achieve the purpose of expressing their wishes;
Lyrics about scenery and poems about things (including pastoral poems, etc. ) Express the poet's noble quality of being different from others and unwilling to go with the flow of the world, or express his sorrow of being incompetent and ignorant to serve the country, or express other complicated feelings of joy or sadness or worry, or express the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and express his infinite love for the great rivers and mountains. Others use scenery (things) to express their lofty aspirations and noble essence.
(History) To cherish history and cherish the memory of ancient poems, with historical allusions as the theme, mostly to praise ancient people or things, or to cherish the memory of the sages and admire the ancients, or to express the desire to make contributions, or to complain about the untimely birth, or to lament the ups and downs of the past and satirize the present with the help of the past. Or express their opinions, or express their vicissitudes of life. It is necessary to connect with the background and understand the emotions (feel ups and downs or mourn or satirize the present); .
(People) Poems that are always in my heart, writing about the complaints of a boudoir woman about her husband's long absence or the thoughts of her husband in the frontier; Or express the tenderness and sadness of women.
Send a friend a farewell poem, use the scenery to render the sad atmosphere of parting, and express the feelings or encouragement; (Peach Blossom Lake is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun; I send my heart and bright moon, and I will follow you until Yelangxi; Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west. )。 Remind each other and praise each other. Or say goodbye or miss after saying goodbye.
Poetry in the journey is the longing and yearning for the distant hometown caused by what the wandering poet saw and heard. Or show the bitterness of wandering life in a different place and the yearning for relatives in my hometown.
Poems about the frontier fortress battle (war) describe the frontier fortress scenery and the military life of soldiers guarding the frontier, or express optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork. Or show the pride of defending the country and defending the country, or show the heroism of sacrificing one's life to kill the enemy, or show the heroism of a soldier's triumph, or show his dislike of war, expose the suffering brought by war to his relatives, hometown and people, and accuse the feudal rulers of the sin of waging war.
Frontier poems describe the life of frontier troops, or show the cold living environment of frontier fortress, or show the magnificent frontier fortress scenery.
Reflect the fighting spirit of border guards who are not afraid of hardships and defend the frontier, or describe the deep feelings of soldiers and relatives who miss each other. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality. The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country. ) or satirize and admonish arrogant rulers;
Patriotism (national) themes, some of which show that when you are worried about your country and hurt it, you expose the corruption of the rulers, the ideal of making contributions to your country, and the feelings of life that there is no way to serve your country and talents are not available.
(Rationality) A reasonable poem about Zen is a poem in which the poet tells his epiphany similar to Zen or his observation of things. Such a poem often has an ethereal realm that is out of touch with human fireworks; Wait a minute.
Poetry and painting review