First of all, introduction:
1. Introduction to Si Mahui: Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror, was a famous bachelor in Si Mahui at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is closely related to celebrities such as Pang Degong, Xu Shu, Han Song and Shi Tao, and is called "water mirror" by Pang Degong. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, most scholars pursued fame and fortune, while Feng Chu of Wolong lived in seclusion and did not rely on others easily. Both of them have been appreciated by Mr. Shui Jing, who thinks they have the ability to rule the world.
2. Introduction to "Wolong": Wolong originated from the biography of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms, praising the young Zhuge Liang and saying: Zhu Gekongming is also Wolong.
Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Biography: After Zhuge Liang's death, Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun plowed the fields in Nanyang ... The place where they lived was named Wolonggang, so they were named' Mr. Wolong' because it was a "human place name".
Wolong is a metaphor for outstanding talents who live in seclusion or have not yet made their mark.
Introduction to Feng Chu: Pang Tong (179 -2 14) was born in Xiangyang, Jingzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei) in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei's important counselor became a corps commander together with Zhuge Liang. When Liu Bei entered Sichuan and broke with Liu Zhang, he put forward three strategies, and Liu Bei used three of them. When Pang Tong entered Luowei County, he led a group of people to attack the city, but unfortunately, he died halfway. At that time, he was only thirty-six years old, and he was named Hou Jing. Later, the place where Pang Tong was buried was named Luofengpo.
Second, the understanding of "Wolong Feng Chu, one person can secure the world":
Mr Si Mahui has long shown that Wolong and Feng Chu can protect the world. He also said that although Wolong has its owner, the timing is wrong.
1, one of which can secure the world, and the key lies in this "one". If "the first" is won, then either party will make steady progress in an orderly way according to the established policies formulated by itself. For example, Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui" will make a targeted plan to take Sichuan, make steady progress, seize Xichuan, and then "take" it. However, after winning Pang Tong, Pang Tong is eager to make achievements. When Zhang Song was killed and the opportunity to take Sichuan was exposed, he didn't listen to Zhuge Liang's good words and acted rashly, and finally died in Feng Po. At this time, Liu Bei, who was alone, "entered Jingzhou and retired without reinforcements, and he would be defeated." If you return to Jingzhou, you can't make a plan to take Sichuan again in the short term. In this case, Zhuge Liang hurried to the rescue with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, leaving only Guan Yu and his son. Zhang Fei, Liu Bei and Huang Zhong died for revenge one after another. What's more, they lost all the military strength of Shu and greatly weakened it. Liu Chan is incompetent, and only Zhuge Liang cares about national politics and military affairs. Finally, a generation of genius fell, and Shu Han could no longer reverse the situation. In other words, if Liu Bei only gets Pang Tong, Pang Tong will certainly come up with a set of practical strategic principles and push them forward step by step, so as to realize the great cause. Therefore, Wolong Feng Chu can only get one. If it gets two, it will lead to changes, but haste makes waste! ! ! !
2. Besides, Mr. Sima Yi has already pointed out that Zhuge Liang can give full play to his talents and ambitions under Liu Bei, but it is difficult to swallow Cao Cao, who occupies the right time, and Sun Quan, who occupies the east of the Yangtze River for three generations and has a unique geographical position. At best, he can only compete with him and form a three-legged situation. On this point, Feng Gongjiu, another hermit in the Three Kingdoms period, also made it very clear when he asked Zhuge Liang for advice before he came out of the mountain. In addition, from Xu Zijiang's evaluation of Cao Cao's "minister capable of managing the world and treacherous court official in troubled times", it can be seen that people who are capable of managing the world like Bian will only become "treacherous court official" reviled by ten thousand people in troubled times for self-protection, while Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong (at least not in the book) who have no ambition can help Liu Bei who thinks about the world and spreads righteousness widely.
Therefore, although Liu Bei got two talents who can "secure the world" at the same time, the fate of ultimate failure is inevitable.
2. "Wolong Feng Chu" Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong are both top counselors in Luo Guanzhong's novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and they are also called Yi Long Yifeng.
The great hermit Si Mahui once praised: "Long Fu and Feng Chu, if they get one, can ensure the world." So what's the difference between their talents and ambitions? Liu Bei used to be a twin. Why doesn't he settle down in this world? Wang Honghua, a scholar, recently gave a brand-new and profound explanation and comment on these issues in his lectures in Tsinghua University and other universities.
1. There are differences in time, space and yin and yang for counselors. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are four counselors with unusual relationships: Cheng Yu, Xu Shu, Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong. They not only had contact with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror, but also claimed to be "ten times" different in talent and knowledge.
In fact, Liu Bei's half-brother, Zhuge's half-brother, Cao Cao's half-brother (Xiahou), Sun Shi's father and brother, and Sima family all belong to the same alumni group. It's just that cooperation is loose and intangible, and it is limited to promoting philosophy from Neo-Legalism to Neo-Confucianism, and then to the spiritual level of Confucianism and Legalism.
Their so-called "ten times" difference is mainly reflected in: First, the time difference. High-level people are often far-sighted, can hold their breath, and debut late.
The order of appearance of the four of them is also Yu, Shu, Liang and Tong. Second, spatial differences.
Experts often have strong control ability and large management scope, so there is a saying that there are talents in ten miles, talents in a hundred miles and talents in a thousand miles. Their initial achievements were indeed so. Cheng Yu takes Dong 'e County, Xu Shu takes Fancheng, Zhuge Liang takes Jingzhou, and Pang Tong takes surprisingly.
But we will soon find that the lifelong achievements of Cheng Yu and Zhuge Liang are far greater than those of Xu Shu and Pang Tong. What is the reason? It turns out that there is a third difference between them-the difference between yin and yang.
The "ten times" mentioned above are superficial graduation exam results, which we can call ingenuity or conspiracy. However, in actual combat, there will still be people who violate loyalty, filial piety and faith, and use tactics or conspiracy.
Of the four, Tong and Shu are good at plotting, while Liang and Yu are good at plotting, among which Liang is superior to Yu. People who focus on conspiracy are often loyal and obedient, while those who are good at conspiracy are often rebellious.
What needs to be explained here is that "usurping the inverse" is a scourge to the rulers, but it is an indispensable yin and yang to the "nation", that is, metabolism. Only points are reasonable and unreasonable.
Moreover, all is fair in war, and Sun Tzu even said that his public plan was a trick, so Yin and Yang, like loyal ministers' rebellion, have no advantages or disadvantages in themselves. The key lies in balanced mastery and rational use. Accurately speaking, conspiracy belongs to the category of mental attack.
In feudal society, conspiracy can not be learned from teachers and books, but only by self-knowledge and independent research and development. But once you have it, you can win by surprise and change your destiny.
Cheng Yu and Zhuge Liang stand out in the rankings because of their comprehensive strategies. Pang Tong was completely loyal to Liu Bei from the beginning. He went to stay, in order to compete with Zhuge Liang and Xu Shu, seize Chibi and save Liu.
So as soon as Battle of Red Cliffs was over, Pang Tong went directly to vote for Liu Bei. In order not to embarrass Liu Bei, he is willing to start from the bottom and is not in a hurry to show letters of recommendation from Lu Su and Kong Ming.
Sure enough, Liu Bei was conquered in Leiyang, and Kong Ming had to admit that Pang Tong was ten times taller than himself. It can also be seen from this incident that if Pang Tong really wants to join someone's team, he can always find a way.
Don't even have the ability to enter the door, and dare to be called "Feng Chu"? I thought Cao Cao's water village could come and go at will. He collided with Sun Quan during an "interview" in Wu Dong, just to escape so as not to offend people.
For Zhuge Liang, the author has already discussed it in "Cracking the Romance of the Three Kingdoms"; Articles such as "The Structure of Three Kingdoms and Five Parties" discussed in detail his ambition to oppose Liu Bei and win the world before he came out of the mountain, and also hinted that "everyone asked Kong Ming what his ambition was, and Kong Ming just laughed and didn't answer". But the rebellion of their four brothers is completely reasonable, so I won't go into details here.
Second, Zhuge Liang invited Pang Tong first, and then wanted to abolish Pang Tong Zhuge Liang to help Liu Bei win Jingzhou, but there was nothing he could do in the face of "strong people and dangerous land". I don't know how to persuade Liu Bei, a hypocrite, to usurp Liu Zhang, and I dare not fight another Battle of Red Cliffs for surprisingly.
So he took the opportunity of mourning for Zhou Yu to go to Soochow and invited Pang Tong who was better than himself. (There is also a layer of Kong Ming's meaning, that is, he will continue to abide by his relatives in front of Liu Jiazong, so as to cover up his disloyal ambitions and maintain his image of being foolish and loyal. )
After that, one of them guarded Jingzhou, the other attacked Xichuan, and at the same time became Liu Bei's right-hand man. Pang Tong is indeed more talented than Kongming. He realized that Liu Bei had to pretend to be benevolent when he took Jingzhou, because he wanted to win the favor of Liu Zhang in the future, but when he came to Liu Zhang, he could completely "force the palace".
Theoretically, he easily persuaded Liu Bei with only four words: "Be patient". In martial arts, he only used Huang Zhong and Wei Yan, two "post-generals" that Kong Ming didn't want, and achieved a breakthrough in surprise.
Unexpectedly, however, when everything had to be settled, things took a turn for the better, and Kong Ming sent a death threat letter to Pang Tong. This move is similar to Cheng Yu's trick of deceiving Xu Shu. Cheng Yu took advantage of Xu Shu's filial piety, first hijacked Xu Mu, and then surrendered Xu Shu.
Zhuge Liang used Pang Tong's loyalty to Liu Bei and Liu Bei's love for Pang Tong to shake Liu Bei's heart first and then destroy Pang Tong. Two conspirators, like volleyball players, buckle the ball between the other two people, forcing them to make mistakes when making concessions.
The thing is this: Peng Yang, a Guanghan, told Liu Bei that the enemy wanted to stop Wei Yan and Huang Zhong's former strongholds from flooding the Fujiang River. He said, "The star is in the west, and Taibai is here. You should be careful when something bad happens. "
This information not only saved tens of thousands of lives of Liu Bei, but also killed the enemy mastermind, turning evil into good. So who created this life-threatening danger? It's Liu Bei.
Chuanjiang Lingbao was captured alive by Wei Yan, but Liu Bei insisted on releasing him. Wei Yan said, "This man can't be put back.
If you leave, you will never come again. "Liu Bei said," I treat people with kindness and righteousness, and people will not fail me. "
At the forefront of life and death, at the critical moment when advantages have not yet been established, it is ridiculous to abuse benevolence and righteousness without combining with reality. Since benevolence and righteousness can be replaced by benevolence and righteousness, is it necessary to do the opposite? Since benevolence can be exchanged for benevolence, why didn't Cao Cao give you an inch of land? It can be seen that Liu Bei has fallen from a Confucian to a fool, and the genetic disease of the Liu family has broken out. It's not the Xuande who distinguished righteousness and righteousness when dealing with Cao Cao.
If it weren't for Peng this time.
3. The story about Wolong Feng Chu 1, "Wolong Feng Chu, one person can protect the world". This is the view of Zhuge Liang who is familiar with them and does not represent the view of the whole world. They are very strong, but there are many wise men in the world, such as Guo Jia, Xu Shu, Xunshi's uncle, Cheng Yu, Sima Yi and Cao Cao's dramatists, all of whom are well versed in this field. Soochow has heroes in Jiangdong, such as Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Zhou Yu, Lu Xun, Lu Meng and Lu Su.
2. The fact that the south is strong and the north is weak will not change because Wolong Feng Chu is in West Shu. In ancient China, the north always annexed the south, because the north was superior to the south in politics, economy, military affairs, culture, science and technology, etc. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the center of gravity of China began to move south, while the southwest was even less developed. "Land of Abundance" only refers to the fertile land in Sichuan Plain, and other aspects are relatively backward.
3. Liu Bei lacks talents. Among the three countries, Shu is the most lacking talent. Why do you say that? Although there were five tiger generals and Feng Chu in Wolong in the early stage, that was all, plus Fazheng, Wei Yan, Yan Yan and Li Yan, Cao Wei's generals were far more than those of the four dragons, such as Xishu and Zhang Liao, and there were other "elite soldiers and thousands of people", and civil servants and counselors were even more ambitious. Where's Shu When the five tiger generals died one after another, only old Zhao Zilong and Wei Yan with ulterior motives were left. What other excellent generals are there? Civil servants and counselors are even more pitiful. There is a folk saying that "there is no general in Shu, and Liaohua is the pioneer", which is a true portrayal of Shu. Zhuge Liang was criticized for being hands-on and failing to cultivate reserve talents, unlike Cao Wei's talents or even Wu Dong's talents.
Of the above three points, in fact, the second point is the most critical.
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Wolong and Feng Chu Liu Bei are both wise men and Pang Tong, but why didn't they win the world?
Liu Bei seems to be ambitious, generous and kind, and persistent in doing things; In fact, he has no great talent to rule the world, and he has no high-powered martial arts to defend himself against the enemy. He can only engage in personal grievances, appease subordinates, please all parties and even play politics. He doesn't know what righteousness is and can't use talent. He is just a mediocre man with heavy morality.
With one person, happeneth tens of thousands of jun, risking his life to protect Dou deus ex. Liu Bei didn't use it to reward Zhao Zilong's benevolence and bravery. He was in a hurry, but he deliberately threw a dou on the ground face to face and said, "For your obedient boy, you killed a general!" " He seems to regard it more seriously than Dou, which makes him feel grateful and plays a personal grudge.
Until the end of his life, he played an emotional game with Zhuge Liang, who was loyal to the great cause of national construction, devoted himself to it, and died, saying that he was "ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and would certainly help stabilize the country and finally decide major events." If his successor can help him, he can help him. If he is incompetent, he can be the master of Chengdu himself. " He knew Zhuge Liang couldn't do this kind of perversion, but he deliberately promised, which scared Zhuge Liang "sweating all over, losing his head, crying and kneeling on the ground, bleeding profusely." Liu Bei said to the officials with confidence. "I have entrusted myself to the Prime Minister, and I have asked my successor to handle my father's affairs. You and others should not ignore my expectations. " He also told Zhao Yun alone, "See my son sooner or later, and don't betray me." Before and after the change, you can see its mind.
What is virtue? What is a great virtue? Cao Gui's words against Zhuang Gong have been very thorough. Cao Gui asked ZhuangGong with what conditions to fight. Duke Zhuang said, "Have plenty of food and clothing. If you dare to be an expert, you will be divided." Cao Gui said, "Small benefits are not repeated, and the people are obedient." Zhuang Gong thought that health items such as food and clothing, if not enjoyed by himself, must be given to others, which will certainly win the hearts of the people. Cao Gui told him that this small kindness can't be enjoyed by everyone, and it won't win the hearts of the people.
Most people in power, or bosses of enterprises, or CEOs of companies, or officials of a township, a county, a city, a province or even a country, have the desire to get ahead, create achievements and dominate the world. However, we must not rely on small favors and personal emotional investment to support our cause, as Liu Bei did. We can win some people's hearts, but we can't unite them. Only when the people are equal, among the people and for the people's welfare can we achieve great virtue, win the hearts of the people and achieve great things.
Liu Bei didn't trust Zhuge Liang at all, and he didn't take him away when he sent troops to Hanzhong. To put it bluntly, at the end of his life, Zhuge Liang had no face to replace Liu Chan. You gave me an opportunity at the end of his life, of course I couldn't promise. Do you want to be a loyal minister? Then I was embarrassed to usurp the throne.
As for Pang Tong, can he succeed politically with Zhuge Liang around? The death of Phoenix Slope is nothing more than disappointment and suicide.
5. In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Wolong and Feng Chu ranked first, while Feng Chu people were more arrogant.
I always wanted to surpass Zhuge Liang in talent, so Liu Bei went to Sichuan and Feng Chu and died. In addition, he found a famous teacher for Liu Bei.
At that time, Liu Bei relied on human harmony, Cao Cao occupied the sky and Sun Quan occupied the land. Therefore, Liu Bei wants to be a famous teacher in Shu.
So Pang Tong chose to sacrifice himself and give Liu Bei a chance to become a famous teacher. Second, because of Feng Chu's death, Zhuge Liang had to lead troops to support Liu Bei, so later generations lost Jingzhou.
In addition, when Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, Sima Yi once said that although he knew the Lord, the timing was wrong. Third, Zhuge Liang's Longzhong is divided into three parts.
Liu Bei gets Jing and benefits two states. 1 Road belongs to Shuchuan, 1 Road belongs to Jingzhou, and the principle of two roads will be decided by the world.
As a result, Guan Yu was occupied by Soochow because of his arrogance. It led to Liu Bei's defeat in Shu to avenge Guan Yu, which directly affected the foundation of Shu.
Besides, Liu Bei is a talented person. Cao Cao once told Liu Bei that all heroes in the world are good for themselves. This shows that Cao Cao attaches great importance to Liu Bei.
There's too much to say, and there are still things you don't understand to ask.