1. Basic means of expression in recitation
When reciting, on the one hand, we must deeply and thoroughly grasp the content of the work, on the other hand. Various artistic means must be used rationally to accurately express the inner meaning of the work. Commonly used basic expression methods include: pause, stress, speaking speed, and sentence tone.
1. Pause
Pause refers to the sound interval between sentences or words. On the one hand, the pause is due to the physiological needs of the reader when reciting; on the other hand, it is the need for sentence structure; on the other hand, it is the need to fully express thoughts and feelings; at the same time, it can also give the listener a chance to appreciate, think, and understand. and room for acceptance, helping the listener understand the meaning of the article and deepen the impression. Pauses include physiological pauses, grammatical pauses, and emphatic pauses.
a) Physiological pause
Physiological pause means that the reciter makes a short pause in a place that does not affect the integrity of the semantics according to the breath needs. Pay attention to physiological pauses, do not hinder semantic expression, and do not separate grammatical structures;
b) Grammatical pauses
Grammatical pauses reflect the grammatical relationships in a sentence. In written language, It is reflected as punctuation. Generally speaking, the length of grammatical pauses is roughly related to punctuation. For example, the pauses after periods, question marks, and exclamation marks are longer than colons and colons; the pauses after semicolons and colons are longer than commas; the pauses after commas are longer than pauses; and the pauses between paragraphs are longer than the pauses in sentences.
c) Emphasis on pauses
In order to emphasize a certain thing, highlight a certain meaning or a certain emotion, it is done in a place where there is no punctuation in writing and there is no need to pause physically. A pause is made, or a larger pause is made in a punctuated place in writing. Such a pause is called an emphatic pause. The emphasis on pauses is mainly arranged by carefully studying the work and deeply understanding its inner meaning.
2. Stress
Stress refers to the phenomenon that certain words in a sentence are pronounced more strongly when reciting or speaking. It is generally reflected by increasing the intensity of the sound. There are two types of stress: grammatical stress and emphatic stress.
a) Grammatical stress
When certain parts of a sentence are stressed according to the characteristics of the grammatical structure without expressing any special thoughts or feelings, it is called grammatical stress. . The position of grammatical stress is relatively fixed. The common rules are:
①The predicate part in general short sentences is often stressed;
②The adverbial before the verb or adjective is often stressed;
③The verb is followed by an adjective. Verbs and some phrases that serve as complements are often stressed;
④ Attributives before nouns are often stressed;
⑤ Some pronouns are also often stressed;
b) Emphasis on stress
Emphasis refers to the sound that is deliberately made heavier in order to express a special feeling and emphasize a special meaning. The purpose is to attract the listener's attention to a certain part that one wants to emphasize. There is no fixed rule on where to use emphasis in a sentence, but it depends on the environment in which it is spoken. dominated by content and emotion. The same sentence, with different emphasis, often expresses different meanings.
3. Speech speed
Speech speed refers to the length of each syllable and the tightness of the connections between syllables when speaking or reciting. The speed of speaking is determined by the speaker's emotions, while the speed of recitation is related to the ideological content of the article. Generally speaking, content that is warm, cheerful, exciting, and tense should be played at a faster speed; content that is calm, solemn, sad, heavy, and reminiscence should be played at a slower pace. For general narration, explanation, and discussion, use medium speed. Take the dialogue between Zhou Puyuan and Lu Shiping in "Thunderstorm" as an example. When reciting, the speaking speed should be adjusted according to the changes in the characters' moods, rather than being read at one speed.
4. Sentence tone
In Chinese, words have character tones and sentences have sentence tones. We usually call the tone of a word a tone, which refers to the rise and fall of a syllable. The tone of a sentence is called intonation, which refers to the rise and fall of the sentence. The tone of the sentence runs through the entire sentence stem, but it is particularly obvious at the end of the sentence. Sentence tone can be divided into four types according to the tone and emotional attitude expressed: rising tone, falling tone, flat tone, and melodious tone.
a) Rising tone (↑), low at first and high at the end, and the tone of speech rises. Generally used to express questions, rhetorical questions, surprise, etc.
b) Falling tone (↓), high in front and low in back, and the tone of voice gradually decreases. Generally used in declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, and imperative sentences to express emotions such as affirmation, determination, praise, and blessings.
c) Flat tone. (1) This tone has a smooth and soothing tone with no obvious changes in ups and downs. It is used for statements and explanations without special emotions. It can also express solemnity, sorrow, indifference and other emotions.
d) tune. The intonation of the whole sentence is curved, or rises first and then falls, or falls first and then rises, often prolonging the words that need to be highlighted in the sentence. This kind of sentence tone is often used to express sarcasm, disgust, irony, and extraneous meaning.
In addition to the above basic expression methods, in order to make the recitation vivid and colorful, you must also use some special expression methods, such as laughter, vibrato, sobs, stress and light reading, etc.
Extended information
1. Preparation for poetry recitation
First of all, avoid "pretentiousness". Poetry recitation, like other literary recitations, must be natural and must not be artificial. Although the emotions in poetry are stronger than in other literary styles, they are still true feelings from the heart.
To recite a poem well, you must first read it carefully and understand the author's feelings. Then, work hard to arouse emotions and make your feelings close to the author's emotions. Only in this way can our recitation successfully reproduce the author's emotions.
It will sound "natural" to the audience. If the reader does not understand the author's emotions but only "estimates" the author's emotions, it is easy to lose sense of proportion.
If you lose the inner emotional foundation and rely solely on skills to support it, the audience will definitely sound "artificial". In fact, the most important thing is to be confident.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Poetry Recitation