Eat ice
Ancient nobles ate ice first by storing it. "Zhou Li Tianguan Lingren" records: "Make the soldiers levy, ten years old and two months, make the ice chop, and the third is the order (order: the ice room; The third time: three times), the treatment began in spring (offering mutton in spring and opening ice). " Lingren was an official in charge of ice affairs in Zhou Dynasty, who was in charge of cutting, storing, opening and granting ice. In Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, a Lingyin of the Qin Dynasty was unearthed. This crypt was dug in the center of a rammed earth platform, with a depth of about 2m, a pit mouth10m×1.4m, a pit bottom of 8.5m× 9m ... The rammed earth around the cellar forms a thermal insulation wall with a thickness of 3m. There is a tile-roofed house on the cellar, a slate on the cellar bottom, five liftable doors at the cellar mouth, and a drainage channel under the doors for the discharge of dissolved water. There is a lot of humus around the igloo, which is probably the residue of wheat straw used as insulation layer in the past. In the past, ice was cut in December in the summer calendar, stored in the first month and opened in March. When storing ice cubes, according to the book of rites, the priest should be the god of cold. Black ram and black millet should be used for sacrifice, because the cold comes from the north and the cold god is also the god of the north. The soil in the north is black, and the gods in the north are also black, so it is called "Xuan Ming". When the ice is opened, there will be gifts. Use a sheep spring leek as a gift, and hang a peach bow and a stabbing arrow at the mouth of the pit to ward off evil spirits. The first batch of ice taken out when lifting ice should be put in a sacrificial tray to be offered to ancestors in the ancestral hall. In addition to the ice room and ice well, there is also an "ice guide". "Ice guide" is a large ice basin used to refrigerate food. Today, two square "ice guides" were unearthed in Ceng Houyi. There is a lid and a pot in this "ice guide". The middle of the lid is empty. Put the lid on, and the lid of the square pot just comes out from the middle. Obviously, this pot is used to hold wine, and the "ice guide" has played a role in chilling the wine in the pot.
make ice
Because it was difficult to collect ice at that time, not many people could enjoy it before the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the palace held a cold banquet, mainly eating ice, and the emperor gave it to his subordinates to show his gratitude. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were shops selling methamphetamine in the city, but the price of methamphetamine in summer was still high. "Yunxian Miscellanies" records: "Chang 'an ice and snow, midsummer, the price of gold. "In the Tang Dynasty, there was artificial ice in China." Duyang Miscellany "records:" In midsummer, people who take crystal as their palm draw water and boil it, take a bottle of soup, seal it with oil silk, cook it for thousands of times, sink to the bottom of a ravine, and the ice is frozen, which is called a cold feast of ice. "Compared with artificial ice in Europe, artificial ice in China is about five centuries earlier. The children of Yang in the Tang Dynasty were the first batch of ice sculptors. According to Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy, "The son of Yang made courtiers by seduction. Every Friday, take hard ice and let workers carve it into the shape of Phoenixmon, or decorate it with gold rings and ribbons, put it on a carving plate and give it to princes and ministers. But Zhang Jiuling didn't benefit from it. "The emperor is prone to sudden illness in midsummer because he eats more ice water. According to the biography of Shi Dian in Song Dynasty, after Shi Dian was appointed as assistant minister of rites, Emperor Xiaozong valued him very much and often talked with him. " One day, after entering the right place, the temple said,' I drank too much ice water before, and suddenly it rained heavily, but it calmed down.' The teacher said:' Since ancient times, when there is nothing to do, I have done what I want to do and neglected what I should do, and I have no regrets since then.' In the depths of the world. "Compendium of Materia Medica also records that Song Huizong suffered from spleen disease due to eating too much ice, and traditional Chinese medicine failed for a long time, so he called Yang Jie for diagnosis and treatment. Yang Jie decocted medicine with ice cubes. The so-called "the cause is eating ice, and the minister decocts medicine with ice, which is the cause of treatment." Treating ice with ice cured Hui Zong's spleen.
Edit the classification and selection of cold drinks in this paragraph.
Edible ice
Good quality edible ice should be uniform and transparent in color; The shape is complete and the size is consistent; Frozen solid, pure taste, no peculiar smell; Impurities are invisible to the naked eye.
ice cream
Good ice cream tastes cool and delicate, smooth, sweet and refreshing, with unique aroma of various flavors, uniform milky white or uniform color consistent with its color variety, and does not deform, collapse, shrink, damage the coating, freeze or fasten.
ice cream
Good ice cream color conforms to the basic colors of varieties, such as milky white, brown and so on. , and is unified; The shape is complete, the size is consistent, and the surface is frosted; The rods are inserted neatly, without broken rods, multi-rods and lack of rods, and the coating is even and undamaged; The tissue structure is firm, fine and smooth, with no obvious coarse crystals, pure aroma, no peculiar smell and no impurities.
soda
Good soda is pure in color, and there is no sediment and impurities visible to the naked eye; The bottle mouth is clean and tight, and there is no air leakage or liquid leakage; The distance between the liquid level of soda and the bottle mouth is 3 ~ 6 cm. If the sweetness of soda is not enough and the smell is too big, it means that soda has gone bad; If the cool stimulation of soda is not obvious, it means that the CO2 content in the beverage is low.
fruit juice
Fruit juice drinks are made by mixing fruit juice with different amounts of water and sugar. High-quality fruit juice should have its natural color and unique flavor. Clear juice should be clear and transparent, without turbidity; Turbid juice should be uniform, without precipitation and impurities, tightly sealed and without leakage.
In this paragraph, edit several homemade traditional Chinese medicine heatstroke prevention cold drinks.
It is hot in summer, and cold drinks are often an indispensable part of life. Now I'd like to introduce several common methods of making Chinese herbal medicines for heatstroke prevention and cold drinks. Drink 30 grams of fresh bamboo leaves, 30 grams of fresh lotus leaves and a proper amount of fresh mint. Methods: Soak the above three kinds of liquid medicines in 2000ml for half a day, heat and decoct for about 10 minute, filter, add appropriate amount of honey and stir evenly. The herbal tea of later generations has the function of clearing away heat, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. For heatstroke prevention, three beans drink mung bean 100g, soybean 30g, adzuki bean 30g and lotus leaf 15g. Method: add 2000 ml of water to the above ingredients, fry until the beans are rotten, and add appropriate amount of sugar. After cooling, clear juice can be used instead of tea. The beverage has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, regulating middle energizer, invigorating spleen, dispelling summer heat and promoting diuresis. It is good for chronic diarrhea, spleen deficiency and wet weight. Jiedu Sanhua Drink 20g of honeysuckle, 20g of chrysanthemum and 20g of lophatherum gracile. Methods: The three herbs were soaked in 2000 ml of clear water and decocted for about 10- 15 minutes. After filtering, add proper amount of honey and stir well. Liang zi tea can clear away heat and toxic materials, improve eyesight and relieve annoyance, and clear the heart and induce diuresis. Drink cogongrass rhizome100g, white lentil10g, tremella fuciformis10g to relieve summer heat. Methods: Soak in clear water, decoct, take juice and add appropriate amount of sugar instead of tea. This prescription has the effects of clearing away heat and nourishing yin, eliminating summer heat and promoting diuresis, strengthening spleen and stimulating appetite. Chrysanthemum honey drinks 50 grams of chrysanthemum and 20 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus. Method: Soak the above ingredients in about 2000 ml of water, keep the temperature for half an hour after decocting, add a proper amount of honey after filtering, mix well, and cool to serve as tea. This can produce fluid to quench thirst, clear the heart and strengthen the brain, improve eyesight and nourish the liver, and eliminate fatigue. Hawthorn and Ophiopogon japonicus drink 20 grams of hawthorn, 20 grams of fried malt and 20 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus. Methods: Boil the above ingredients with water, filter the supernatant, and add appropriate amount of white sugar to make the tea cool thoroughly. This prescription has the effects of stimulating appetite, invigorating spleen, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and is especially suitable for middle-aged and elderly people with anorexia and indigestion.
Edit this cold drink history
Cao Qidong has a very long history of eating cold drinks in China. As early as more than 3,000 years ago, China began to use the most primitive methods to make ice. For example, it is recorded in the Book of Songs that slaves cut ice in winter and stored it for nobles to enjoy in summer. In the Zhou Dynasty, an official in charge of taking and using ice appeared, called "bullying the people". "Zhou Li Tian Gong Ling Ren" records: "Ling Ren, Zhang Bing. It is 10 years old, and now it is February, which makes the ice crack, and now it is 3 years old. " At the end of the spring and autumn period, "ice wine" has begun to appear at the banquet of princes. In the mid-Warring States period, the production of cold drinks in China had reached a considerable level, and the custom of ice storage was more prosperous in the Three Kingdoms period. Qu Yuan's "Songs of the South Evocation" has a sentence "Han thinking is both ancient and elegant", followed by a kind of "Zhejiang Yaojiang". Cane pith is the juice squeezed from sugarcane; Yao pulp generally refers to a pasty cold food made from various fresh fruits by extrusion. This nectar juice can be said to be the original creation of modern cheese, sorbet, almond dew and loquat dew. In the Tang Dynasty, artificial ice was born. Su E said in Du Yang Miscellaneous Notes, a notebook describing Baoying from the Tang Dynasty to the Middle Ages and Ten Dynasties: "In midsummer, people who take crystal as their palm draw water to boil, take a bottle of soup, seal it with oil silk, boil it again, and quickly sink to the bottom of the stream, and the ice is flat, which is called a cold feast." In the late Tang Dynasty, in order to attract business, merchants added sugar to ice cubes to attract customers. At the beginning of Song Dynasty, cold drinks began to enter the market in large quantities. People mix fruit juice, milk, herbal tea and ice cubes to make frozen drinks, which are called "ice cream", such as "Zi Yuan iced with sugar" in Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Fighting water with snow" and "Mei Huajiu soaked with snow" in Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, praised the "ice cream" and once wrote a poem about it: "It seems greasy and cool, but it is hard to float; Jade comes to the bottom of the plate, and snow disappears in the mouth. " At this time, there are not only many kinds of cold drinks, but also the clothes of nobles have been taken off, and the users have also expanded from the official nobles of the imperial court to ordinary people. Merchants in the Yuan Dynasty added honey and pearl powder to ice. When Kublai Khan was in power, he began to produce ice cream. In order to keep the secret of the production process, he also issued an edict prohibiting making ice cream outside the king's room. It was not until the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-that the Italian traveler Kyle Poirot left China that he brought the Chinese method of making ice cream to Italy, and later to France and Britain. Kyle Poirot said in his book "Oriental Experience": "In Huang Jinguo in the East, residents like to eat milk ice." After that, the British businessman changed the ice cream into ice cream. 1768, Dutch chemist Pliester created a kind of "Dutch water" that can quench thirst and relieve summer heat, which is now soda water. 1920, an American businessman successfully developed the popsicle. Since then, popsicles have become the best products for people all over the world to cool off in midsummer. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were more varieties of cold drinks, the most famous of which was "iced sour plum soup" in Beijing. According to historical records, ice sellers in the north often used copper lamps to collide with each other to attract customers. To this end, the Qing Dynasty poet Wang once wrote a poem praising: "The cherry loses its fragrance after tea, and the copper bowl is called selling ice." It can be seen that cold drinks were more common at that time. China started to make cold drinks by machine at 1927. At that time, most popsicles sold in Shanghai were cylindrical, with a daily output of only two or three thousand. Later, the shape of the popsicle was changed to flat. There are so many kinds of cold drinks now that words can't describe them.
Matters needing attention in editing this cold drink
It is not suitable to eat cold drinks in summer 1. Not suitable for drinking too much. Excessive cold drinks, from bloating to discomfort, can lead to indigestion or gastroenteritis and diarrhea. 2. There should not be too many kinds. There are too many kinds of cold drinks, and the drinks cross each other, which is harmful to your health. Children should pay special attention to the right amount of cold drinks in summer. 3. It is not advisable to drink a lot after sweating. After sweating, binge drinking will stimulate the contraction of blood vessels and skin, causing "closed sweating". Not only can it not quickly replenish and adjust the water and salt in the body, but it will dilute the gastric juice and lead to gastrointestinal diseases. 4. Patients with chronic diseases should not drink too much. Patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma and coronary heart disease should not drink too much. At the same time, we should pay attention to choosing varieties with moderate sweetness and drinking them in moderation to avoid inducing diseases. The usage of cold food that will not affect health is hot, and cold drinks begin to occupy people's lives. But not everyone is suitable for drinking cold drinks, especially some patients with chronic diseases. They should have a choice when eating cold drinks, and even avoid cold drinks. Patients with gastric ulcer, gastritis and dyspepsia should not eat more cold drinks. Because of the poor function of digestive system, it is easy to stimulate the mucosa of digestive tract after eating cold drinks, which affects digestive function and aggravates the condition. You shouldn't drink cold drinks immediately after meals. After meals, most of human blood is concentrated in digestive organs such as the stomach. If you eat a cold drink immediately after a meal, the blood vessels in your stomach will contract and the blood flow will decrease, which will hinder the normal digestion process. The stimulation of cold water will also accelerate the peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract and affect the absorption of nutrients by human body. At the same time, cold water will dilute gastric juice and affect digestion. In addition, the upper gastrointestinal function of the elderly generally declined, and their tolerance for cold drinks also declined. They shouldn't eat a lot of cold drinks to avoid digestive system disorder. It is best to drink water two hours before meals. Warm tea is an ideal drink, and the best drinking temperature is between 30 and 32 degrees Celsius, which is close to body temperature. The temperature of cold drinks is generally lower than that in the stomach. Drinking too many cold drinks for a long time will make the blood vessels under the gastric mucosa contract, which will lead to the decline of the stomach's defense ability and affect health. Drink less cold drinks and ice water, especially before and after meals, which is not easy to affect your health.
These people had better not eat cold drinks.
As the weather gets hotter and hotter, the cold drink market is booming. Relevant experts reminded that cold drinks should be eaten in moderation after summer, and some patients should pay more attention to dietary taboos, otherwise it will affect their health. Specifically, the following people should pay special attention to 1. When old people and children eat cold drinks. Because of their weak constitution, these people may suffer from oral muscle paralysis and spasm if they eat a lot of cold drinks in a short time. Because the gastrointestinal tract suddenly becomes cold, it stimulates the intestinal mucosa, causing irregular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract, which may lead to abdominal pain; Due to uneven cold and heat, the normal contraction and relaxation of gastrointestinal blood vessels are adversely affected, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction, accelerated intestinal peristalsis, and diarrhea and other symptoms. 2. Diabetic patients. Cold drinks generally contain more sugar, which can increase patients' blood sugar and lead to aggravation of their illness. 3. Patients with duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, chronic colitis, cholecystitis and dyspepsia. 4. The digestive system function of these patients is poor, and it is easy to stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa and aggravate the condition after eating cold drinks. 5. Patients with dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. Eating cold drinks can induce toothache in these patients. 6. Patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis. If such patients eat a lot of cold drinks, they will suddenly stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, make the blood vessels contract and rise, aggravate the condition, and easily induce cerebral hemorrhage. 7. Patients with pharyngolaryngitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and arthritis. Stimulated by cold drinks, these people may aggravate throat inflammation or induce cough, or lead to recurrence of old diseases. 8. Patients with kidney disease. Such patients should not eat cold drinks containing essence, pigment, perfume and other ingredients, because these ingredients will increase the burden of glomerular filtration and detoxification, and at the same time make edema symptoms more serious. 9. Obese patients. There are a lot of sugars in cold drinks, which will increase liver glycogen and convert it into fat, make the body more obese, and easily induce fatty liver and hyperlipidemia.