Chrysanthemum?
A cultivated species of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. Precious ornamental flowers cultivated through long-term artificial selection. Also known as art chrysanthemum, there are more than a thousand varieties. Perennial herb, 60-150 cm tall. Stem erect, branched or unbranched?, pubescent. The flower head is 2.5-20 cm in diameter and varies in size. The involucral bracts are multi-layered and the outer layer is pubescent. Ligue flowers come in various colors. Tubular flowers yellow. Chrysanthemums do not originate from a single unit and cannot be summarized by simple phylogenetic methods. Chrysanthemums are cross-pollinated plants. Sexual reproduction of chrysanthemums can be used to select new varieties with the help of genetic recombination and trait separation or gene mutation. Asexual reproduction can be used to fix new traits and cultivate new varieties, or budding and fixed budding can be used to cultivate new varieties. . Asexual reproduction of chrysanthemums includes cuttings, branches and layering, etc., and cuttings are a commonly used method. Chrysanthemums generally bloom in autumn, so they are also called autumn chrysanthemums. But it is a short-day plant, and it can be made to bloom early or late based on this biological characteristic for festivals or bonsai arrangements. There are many varieties of chrysanthemums, and all the flower heads can be used as medicine. They taste sweet and bitter, slightly cold, dispel wind, clear away heat and detoxify. This is medicinal chrysanthemum. According to the shape and size of the dried flower heads and the length of the tongue-shaped flowers, medicinal chrysanthemums can be divided into four categories: white chrysanthemum, Chu chrysanthemum, tribute chrysanthemum and Hangzhou chrysanthemum. Each category is named according to its place of origin. ?
Chrysanthemum - one of the four gentlemen of flowers?
Scientific name: Dendranthemamorifolium?
English name: Florists? Chrysanthemum?
Alias: Chrysanthemum, Qiuju, Jiuhua,?
Yellow flower, Emperor's flower?
Family name: Asteraceae?
Chrysanthemum, also known as Huanghua, Nvhua Hua, Jinrui, etc. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a perennial herbaceous plant, 30 to 80 cm tall, with alternate leaves, oval, with deep or shallow lobes, and notched or serrated edges. The terminal flower head is surrounded by large and beautiful tongue-shaped flowers. The middle part is a yellow tubular flower, but the color of the corolla changes greatly. In addition to blue, it is yellow, white, red, orange, purple and other mixed colors; the flowers Type changes are also great. The flowering period ranges from summer and autumn to cold winter, but mainly in October. The fruit is achene. ?
Chrysanthemum is native to my country and has a long history of cultivation. It was recorded as early as more than 2,000 years ago. The ancients still had the custom of admiring chrysanthemums during the Double Ninth Festival. ?
Chrysanthemums are cold-resistant and prefer deep, fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil and avoid waterlogging. ?
Chrysanthemums have many economic values. Chrysanthemum is a good refreshing drink; chrysanthemum can be used as medicine, which can clear away heat and dissipate wind, soothe the liver and improve eyesight. ?
Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower loved by the Chinese people, with a history of cultivation of more than 3,000 years. He is also known as one of the "Four Gentlemen". ?
Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. His poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains" is familiar to everyone. ?
There are many varieties of chrysanthemums. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 20,000 to 25,000 in the world, and there are more than 7,000 in my country. Among so many varieties, not only the flower color, petal shape, flowering period, and flower diameter are different, but also there are great differences in pruning methods and garden applications. ?
Several common classification methods are introduced as follows: ?
Classification according to the natural flowering period of chrysanthemums? 1. Spring chrysanthemum: the flowering period is from late April to late May. ?
2. Xia Ju: Open from late May to August. ?
3. Autumn chrysanthemum: blooms from mid-October to late November and is the most common chrysanthemum. ?
4. Hanju (winter chrysanthemum): open from early December to January of the following year. ?
Classified according to different pruning methods or applications?
Chrysanthemums have different pruning methods, different shapes, and different garden application methods. They are generally divided into the following categories:?
1. Solitary chrysanthemum (specimen chrysanthemum)?
It is a chrysanthemum with one flower per plant. Generally, the flower diameter can reach 20-30 cm. It is used for exhibition or variety identification. Appreciation standards include strong stems, even internodes, luxuriant leaves with thick color, leg leaves intact, large and colorful flowers, and moderate height (40 cm) as top grade. ?
2. Standing chrysanthemum (multiple chrysanthemums)?
It is a chrysanthemum with several flowers. It is mostly used to decorate flower beds, make cut flowers, and save seeds. When planting, pay attention to the consistent height of branches when topping. The criteria for appreciation include luxuriant branches and leaves, height of flower branches, uniform flower size and flowering period, neat flowering, and even distribution for top quality. ?
3. Dali chrysanthemum?
A single plant has hundreds or even thousands of flowers. Its flowers are uniform in size and have the same flowering period, making it suitable for exhibitions, halls, and gardens. For layout purposes. Through topping and grafting (budding), the shape of thousands of flowers can be achieved. The criteria for appreciation are that the main trunk is extended, the position is moderate, the flower branches are evenly distributed, the flowers open uniformly, the surface is neatly arranged, and the momentum is majestic. As far as we know, a Dali chrysanthemum with 5,766 flowers (39 circles) exhibited at the Xiaolan Chrysanthemum Fair in Zhongshan City in November 1994 is the highest number of Dali chrysanthemums in my country. ?
4. Cliff chrysanthemum?
It is a pruning form of small chrysanthemum. Usually, small flower varieties with single petals, many branches, thin branches and dense blooms are selected, imitating the natural hanging posture of wild chrysanthemums in the mountains, and pruning them into a drooping cliff shape. The key to cultivation is to use bamboo frames to lure the trunk forward and topping at the right time. The criteria for appreciation are that the flower branches hang upside down, the main trunk is on the midline, the side branches are evenly distributed, the front is narrow and the back is wide, the flowers are plump, the flowering period is consistent, and the length wins.
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5. Grafted chrysanthemum?
It is a chrysanthemum with multiple colors grafted on one plant. Use bud grafting to make chrysanthemums of different varieties and colors bloom on one plant. ?
6. Desk chrysanthemum?
It is another form of single chrysanthemum. Each pot has one plant and one flower. The plant height is required to be 20 cm. The plant is short and sturdy and the flowers are huge. It is suitable for indoor coffee tables and desk decorations. Use more dwarfing agents to make them shorter and stronger. ?
7. Bonsai chrysanthemum?
Using materials such as chrysanthemums and rocks, through artistic processing, a living work of art is created in a pot. Chrysanthemum bonsai is usually dominated by small chrysanthemums. It is better to choose varieties with tough branches, small leaves, dense nodes, sparse flowers and elegant colors. There are also old plants from the previous year that are kept and managed so that they can continue to grow and rejuvenate after overwintering. Such bonsai old stems are vigorous and can enhance the appreciation value. ?
Chrysanthemums are highly adaptable and like full sunshine, but they are also slightly tolerant of shade, more cold-tolerant, and more tolerant of dryness. They should avoid water accumulation and continuous cropping. It likes sandy loam soil with high and dry terrain, deep soil, rich humus and good drainage. Propagation is mainly based on cuttings, divisions and grafting. Chrysanthemums are short-day plants, and their flowering can be promoted or delayed by shading or extending the light. ?
The following aspects should be paid attention to in cultivation and management?
1. Watering is the key to growing chrysanthemums. ?
Chrysanthemums like moisture, but avoid water accumulation. Insufficient watering affects growth and development, and excessive watering causes leggy branches and leaves or rotten roots. Therefore, when watering, it is necessary to "dry thoroughly and water enough". It must not be too dry or too wet, and it must not be half dry or half wet. ?
2. Chrysanthemums like fertilizer. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer and apply more fertilizer. ?
If the leaves are too large, thick, dark green and black in color, it is a sign of too much fertilizer. If the leaves are small, thin and yellow, it is a sign of insufficient fertilization. Do not splash the leaves when applying fertilizer to avoid defoliation. ?
3. Pick and remove buds at the right time. ?
Topping can promote the growth of side branches and achieve the expected number of blooms; it can control the plant height and flowering period. Generally, flowers can bloom 80 to 85 days after the last topping. Removing buds and buds can concentrate nutrients. Generally, only one bud is left at the top of each branch of potted chrysanthemums, and all other side buds and flower buds are removed to make the flowers larger. The remaining buds must be basically the same shape and size. Removing the buds once is not enough and must be removed multiple times. ?
Chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese flower. It is beautiful and colorful, but it does not win with its delicate appearance, but with its elegance and steadfastness. It blooms after the flowers have withered. People love its elegance?
The charm, and even more love it for its proud appearance that blooms in the frost and never falls in the west wind. China has endowed it with noble and strong sentiments. As a symbol of the national spirit, it is regarded as the national essence and is loved by others. As a flower of proud frost, chrysanthemum has always been favored by poets. , the ancients especially liked to name their ambitions with chrysanthemums, and used it to compare their noble sentiments, steadfastness and unyielding. ?
Chinese people love chrysanthemums very much. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been an annual chrysanthemum event among the people. ?
In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums have been given the meaning of auspiciousness and longevity. For example, the combination of chrysanthemums and magpies means "family happiness"; the combination of chrysanthemums and pine trees means "longevity and longevity", etc., which are widely used among the people.